Fabrication of orbital prosthesis by two different methods in patients with post-COVID-19 rhino-orbital maxillary mucormycosis: A case series.

Neoplasms, congenital disorders, fungal infections, and traumatic injuries are the predominant causes of orbital defects. Various retentive mechanisms such as application of adhesive, utilization of mechanical undercuts, and implant-supported attachments are generally used in the maxillofacial prosthesis. In the orbital region, the result of magnet-retained attachments is favorable compared with other mechanisms. Different advantages of the magnet-retained prosthesis are less manual dexterity needed during insertion or removal and better maintenance of hygiene. The skin-implant interface and thick tissues in the maxillofacial region are the critically important points that should be given importance during the planning and placement of implants. Ideally, implant sites for orbital prosthesis are the lateral, infra-, and supraorbital rims of the orbital region. The following case series describes two different methods to rehabilitate patients with an exenterated eye due to mucormycosis by individually designed implant with magnetic attachment and mechanical undercut-retained orbital prosthesis.

The immediate impact of mandatory helmet law on maxillo-facial trauma: A comparative study in a major trauma center, Uttar Pradesh.

Aim: To analyze the effect of the mandatory helmet rule in helmet usage among motorcycle riders and on facial trauma and to determine the significance of difference in the possibility of facial trauma between the helmeted and non-helmeted motorcycle riders. Setting and Design: A retrospective comparative study conducted in a major trauma center at Uttar Pradesh. Material and Method: Data for the present study was obtained from records of the Emergency Department of Trauma Center, for a period of two months before and after the implementation of The Motor Vehicles Act in UP. The study included patients with a history of non-fatal motorcycle accidents who sustained facial injuries regardless of the presence of injuries to other areas of the body during the study period. Information regarding helmet usage during the accident was also recorded. The results were compared between the pre-law period and post-law period. Statistical Analysis Used: Sample t-test was applied to find the level of significance. Results: Out of 219 injured patients, 152 (69.40%) subjects were not wearing helmets, whereas only 67 (30.59%) subjects were wearing helmets. It was observed that around 68.18% of people stated wearing helmets after law implementation with a statistical significance (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that the mandatory helmet rule with elevated penalty rates has significantly increased the usage of helmet among the motorcycle riders, and it also proves that the possibility of facial trauma is significantly higher in non-helmeted riders when compared to helmeted riders.

Management and outcome of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Management of locally advanced OSCC is multimodal. No single therapy has been proved to be efficacious. However there is a trend towards surgical intervention in operable disease. In this review we appraise the various therapies used for the management of locally advanced OSCC. We review the literature with regards to the various treatment options for locally advanced OSCC. We categorically divided the manuscript into resectable, unresectable and technically unresectable disease. Surgery is the ideal treatment modality for resectable disease. For unresectable disease concurrent chemoradiation appears to improve survival compared to radiotherapy alone. Induction therapy might downstage tumors in the unresectable category. Targeted and Immunotherapy is reserved for recurrent, metastatic or platinum refractory OSCC. Management of locally advanced OSCC is multimodal with surgery playing the primary role. In the event where the tumor is in operable concurrent chemoradiotherapy is regarded as the best treatment modality. Induction chemotherapy currently cannot be recommended for resectable or even unresectable oral squamous cell carcinomas. However for technically unresectable disease it might play a role in improving respectability but it depends on the response of the tumor. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy is currently used for recurrent, metastatic and/or platinum refractory Head and Neck cancers. Currently it is not recommended for initial management of locally advanced disease.

Site-directed mutagenesis in the P-domain of calreticulin transacylase identifies Lys-207 as the active site residue.

In silico-docking studies from previous work have suggested that Lys-206 and lys-207 of calreticulin (CR) play a pivotal key role in its well-established transacetylation activity. To experimentally validate this prediction, we introduced three mutations at lysine residues of P-domain of CR: K → A, P mut-1 (K -206, -209), P mut-2 (K -206, -207) and P mut-3 (K -207, -209) and analyzed their immunoreactivity and acetylation potential. The clones of wild-type P-domain (P wt ) and three mutated P-domain (P mut-1, P mut-2 and P mut-3) were expressed in pTrcHis C vector and the recombinant P wt , P mut-1 , P mut-2 and P mut-3 proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Screening of the transacylase activity (TAase) by the Glutathione S Transferase (GST) assay revealed that the TAase activity was associated with the P wt and P mut-1 while P mut-2 and P mut-3 did not show any activity. The immune-reactivity to anti-lysine antibody was also retained only by the P mut-1 in which the Lys-207 was intact. Retention of the TAase activity and immunoreactivity of P mut-1 with mutations introduced at Lys-206, Lys-209, while its loss with a mutation at Lys-207 residue indicated that lysine-207 of P-domain constitutes the active site residue controlling TAase activity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02659-1.

A comparison of attitudes and practices of gutka users and non-users in Chitrakoot, India. A pilot.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: As part of a student elective, this pilot study aimed at investigating attitudes and practices concerning gutka use in a town in India. It was hoped that information gained would assist in formulating an appropriate health education programme to encourage gutka cessation locally and would provide more information about a habit which is also relevant to some UK South Asian populations. DESIGN AND SETTING: 124 consecutively attending subjects (103 males and 21 females) at a charity-run dental clinic in Chitrakoot, India, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. MAIN FINDINGS: 57 (46%) of the respondents, of whom there were more males than females (103 v. 21), reported current gutka use. There were no differences between users and non-users by age or educational attainment. Users found gutka 'helpful' in relieving tension, aiding con- centration, combating bad breath and as a leisure activity. They all cited other family members who were using gutka as compared to only 40% of the gutka non-users. Cancer was mentioned as a harmful outcome of gutka use more frequently by non-users. Of the 57 gutka chewers, 36 also chewed paan with tobacco and 20 smoked cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Gutka chewing involved almost half of the study population and proportionately more males than females. The habit was endemic within families. Many gutka chewers also smoked, chewed paan or drank alcohol, representing a high-risk behaviour for oral cancer. Proportionately more non-chewers were aware of the link with cancer. There are clear implications for health promotion in India. General dental practitioners in the UK should also be aware of the possibility that this habit is becoming more widely adopted in South Asian communities here, involving young children as well as adults. Research into gutka use is also required in the UK.

Treatment of phenolics, aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyanide-bearing wastewater in individual and combined anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic bioreactors.

Studies were conducted on a mixture of pollutants commonly found in coke oven wastewater (CWW) to evaluate the biodegradation of various pollutants under anaerobic, aerobic, and anoxic conditions. The removal of the pollutants was monitored during individual bioreactor operation and using a combination of bioreactors operating in anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic sequence. While studying the performance of individual reactors, it was observed that cyanide removal (83.3 %) was predominant in the aerobic bioreactor, while much of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (69 %) was consumed in the anoxic bioreactor. With the addition of cyanide, the COD removal efficiency was affected in all the bioreactors, and several intermediates were detected. While treating synthetic CWW using the combined bioreactor system, the overall COD removal efficiency was 86.79 % at an OLR of 2.4 g COD/L/day and an HRT of 96 h. The removal efficiency of 3,5-xylenol and cyanide, with inlet concentration of 150 and 10 mg/L, was found to be 91.8 and 93.6 % respectively. It was found that the impact of xylenol on the performance of the bioreactors was less than cyanide toxicity. Molecular analysis using T-RFLP revealed the dominance of strictly aerobic, mesophilic proteobacterium, Bosea minatitlanensis, in the aerobic bioreactor. The anoxic bioreactor was dominant with Rhodococcus pyridinivorans, known for its remarkable aromatic decomposing activity, while an unclassified Myxococcales bacterium was identified as the predominant bacterial species in the anaerobic bioreactor.

Aerobic degradation of phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons in presence of cyanide.

Present study focused on the degradation of a mixture of phenol, cresol, xylenol, quinoline, and indole along with cyanide, commonly found in coke oven wastewater, using aerobic mixed culture. It was found that xylenol and indole were difficult to degrade, when the concentrations were above 250 mg/L. It was observed that free cyanide (2.5mg/L and above) has the potency to holdup the oxidation of organics (250 mg/L) until the cyanide concentration drops to a minimum level. Final TOC in the mixed pollutant system was less than 4 mg/L, indicating the absence of other organic byproducts. Experimental results highlight effect of free cyanide on removal of organics and the combined toxic influence of cyanide and organics on the microbes treating coking wastewater. The proposed mathematical model was able to predict the biodegradation of mixed pollutant system satisfactorily.