Remission of Type II Diabetes Mellitus after Duodenal Switch: the Contribution of Common Channel Length.

INTRODUCTION: The role of the common channel length in duodenal switch (DS) on remission of type II diabetes mellitus (DM), when stratifying patients based on diabetes severity, is not well understood. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 341 consecutive patients with DM undergoing DS with one of three different common channel (CC) lengths (100 cm, 150 cm, and 200 cm), each with a fixed 300 cm alimentary limb (AL). Patients were stratified by insulin dependence (IDDM) versus non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Data was collected at one year and at the last available follow-up. RESULTS: The NIDDM group had a similar average HbA1c at last follow-up for each of the CC lengths. However, the IDDM group had lower average HbA1c with shorter CC lengths (100 cm = 5.4%, 150 cm = 6%, 200 cm = 6.4%, p < 0.05). Shorter CC lengths resulted in a greater proportion of patients achieving remission in the IDDM group (66%, 50%, 32% in the 100 cm, 150 cm, and 200 cm CC, respectively, p < 0.01). Improvements in HbA1c were independent of weight loss and average DiaRem scores were similar between CC lengths. Rates of nutritional deficiencies were higher in shorter common channel lengths. Revision for malnutrition was similar between common channel lengths (100 cm group: 3.7%; 150 cm group: 1.8%; 200 cm group: 0%, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: When the AL is fixed, shortening CC lengths results in improved glycemic control and remission of DM in patients with the need for insulin preoperatively. Milder forms of DM are treated well with any of the CC lengths.

Duodenal switch: Fully stapled technique.

BACKGROUND: Duodenal switch and single anastomosis modifications continue to gain greater interest among bariatric surgeons. Limiting factors to adoption include concerns around the nutritional management, patient compliance and follow-up, and the technical challenge of the operation. The majority of techniques offered currently use a hand-sewn duodenoileostomy. This approach is limited by the steep learning curve as well as longer operating times. OBJECTIVES: We present a video demonstrating the fully stapled technique for duodenoileostomy and ileileostomy. We offer technical pearls around the technique, specifically focused on maintaining a widely patent anastomosis, open biliopancreatic limb, safe duodenal dissection, and correct loop orientation. METHODS: Laparoscopic fully stapled duodenoileostomy for duodenal switch and single anastomosis modification. SETTING: Community hospital, single institution, 3 surgeons. CONCLUSION: Triple staple offers a reproducible and safe technique for the duodenoileostomy and specifically for construction of a Roux or loop anastomosis in duodenal switch.

Single-anastomosis duodenal ileostomy with sleeve is a safe and effective option for patients in an ambulatory surgical center.

BACKGROUND: The single-anastomosis duodenal ileostomy with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is gaining popularity in the United States as an alternative to the gastric bypass for patients with a high body mass index (BMI) or who are less likely to succeed with a sleeve. While SADI-S has similar weight loss to the gastric bypass, the complication rate is significantly lower, allowing surgeons to perform SADI-S in an ambulatory surgical center with a 23-hour stay. OBJECTIVES: To determine if SADI-S can be safely performed in an ambulatory surgical setting. SETTING: Private practice. METHODS: All SADI-S procedures performed from August 2015 to March 2019 at 2 bariatric centers were included in this study. Patients selection for SADI-S in the ambulatory surgical center required no end organ damage, no evidence of severe sleep apnea, and BMI <55 for males and BMI <60 for females. All data were gathered retrospectively from prospectively kept databases. Thirty-day complication rates were analyzed using the Clavien-Dindo scale to assess the safety of performing SADI-S in an ambulatory surgical center. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were included in this study. The sample was 72% female with an average age of 46 and BMI of 45. All patients received planned intravenous fluid within 3 days after the procedure. There were 2 (2.4%) grade IIIb to V complications. There were no mortalities in this series. CONCLUSION: SADI-S can be performed safely in an ambulatory surgery 23-hour setting with appropriate patient selection, perioperative support, and enhanced recovery after surgery protocols.

A Multi-institutional Study on the Mid-Term Outcomes of Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass as a Surgical Revision Option After Sleeve Gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, a single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has become increasingly popular for patients with BMI > 50 as a primary or staged surgery. Staging allows surgeons to do the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) first with the conversion only happening when a failure or technical challenge is identified. PURPOSE: We present the mid-term outcomes of SADI bypass surgery after SG. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospective database from four institutions. Ninety-six patients were identified from 2013 to 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: one had two-stage SADI because of insufficient weight loss, the second had planned two-stage SADI because of super obesity (BMI > 50 kg/m2). Incidence of complications was divided into < 30 days and > 30 days. RESULT: Of 96 patients, 3 patients were completely lost to follow-up. The mean age was 44.8 ± 11.3 years. There were no deaths or conversion to open surgery. The postoperative early complication and late complication rate was 5.3% and 6.4% respectively. At 24 months, group 2 had higher %weight loss (WL) and change in BMI units compared to group 1 with statistically significant difference. The average WL and change in BMI for entire patient's population at 24 months after 2nd stage SADI was 20.5% and 9.4 units respectively. The remission rate for DM was 93.7% with or without the use of medication. CONCLUSION: The two-stage approach to SADI-S appears technically simpler than a single compromised operation. However, this approach needs more patients to understand its limitations.

Rhabdomyolysis and secondary renal failure in critically ill surgical patients.

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis accounts for up to 28% of the causes of posttraumatic acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Clinically significant rhabdomyolysis is poorly characterized biochemically and difficult to diagnose. METHODS: A retrospective review of all surgical, trauma, burn, and pediatric surgical patients admitted to Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, GA, from January 1995, through April 2002 was performed. Patients were screened for serum creatinine, base deficit, serum creatine kinase (CK) > or =1,000, presence of myoglobinuria, or if they had a clinical diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis by an attending surgeon. RESULTS: The sequential addition of admission laboratory values for serum creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dL (positive predictive value [PPV] = 33%), base deficit < or = -4 (PPV = 52%), serum CK level > or =5,000 U/L (PPV = 80%), and myoglobinuria increases the ability to predict which patients will develop dialysis-requiring acute renal failure after an episode of rhabdomyolysis. Patients with maximum CK > or =5,000 are also at increased risk for persistent renal insufficiency (Cr > or =2.0 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: An algorithm for testing at-risk surgical patients was developed and may aid in the early diagnosis of clinically significant rhabdomyolysis.

Weight loss at first postoperative visit predicts long-term outcome of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using Duke weight loss surgery chart.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has been used for >3 decades. However, no normative data are available to aid the bariatric surgeon in assessing the adequacy of weight loss at each postoperative visit. The objective of the present study was to construct nomograms to aid in the assessment of weight loss. The setting was a university hospital in the United States. METHODS: We used data prospectively collected from 1216 patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at Duke University from April 2000 to September 2007. The percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was determined at each follow-up visit (1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 mo). The %EWL velocity was also determined using the postoperative data collected at the 1- and 3-month visits. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the predictive factors that influence the long-term results. RESULTS: At 12 months of follow-up, most patients, especially those in the first and fourth quartiles (P = .01), continued to be in the same weight loss quartile they had initially been in at 1 month postoperatively. The positive and negative predictive value for the first quartile %EWL at 1 month resulting in a first quartile %EWL at 12 months was 39% and 81%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that gender, preoperative body mass index, %EWL at 1 month, and %EWL velocity were statistically significant predictors of the %EWL at 12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: We are the first group to determine that weight loss performance in the early period is a significant predictor of the long-term outcomes. The clinical utility of the weight loss chart is to identify underperformers early in the postoperative period to potentially improve their outcomes.