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The innovative technique of "presurgical lip, alveolus, and nose approximation" (PLANA) offers a new approach within the domain of presurgical infant orthopedics for infants born with cleft lip and palate. Presurgical lip, alveolus, and nose approximation introduces the utilization of the NoseAlign device in conjunction with medical adhesive tapes, designed to approximate and support displaced soft tissue nasolabial structures in patients with cleft, without an intraoral plate. The NoseAlign device, constructed from medical-grade silicone, consists of 2 tubular portions that fit into the nostrils, connected by a columella band. Notably, it also features a wave-shaped and curved horizontal lip band, resting on the upper lip, with elastic clasps for secure attachment to the face with medical adhesive tapes. Presurgical lip, alveolus, and nose approximation therapy employs the NoseAlign device to support the collapsed nasal alar rim and cartilage, the displaced columella, the deviated nasal septum, and the displaced nasal alar base. This innovative approach minimizes the need for frequent office visits, making it particularly suitable for patients residing at a distance from specialized cleft centers. The prefabricated NoseAlign device offers effective support to nasal structures, making it suitable for unilateral and bilateral clefts. Importantly, the absence of an intraoral plate ensures it does not interfere with feeding. Presurgical lip, alveolus, and nose approximation therapy, initiated as early as 1 to 2 weeks, leverages the plasticity of nasal soft tissue and cartilage to achieve the desired nasal form before primary surgery. Although presurgical lip, alveolus, and nose approximation therapy does have some limitations, particularly in cases of medially collapsed alveolar segments, its simplicity, universal applicability, and patient-friendliness make it a promising technique in the presurgical infant orthopedics field.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Humanos , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Lactente , Processo Alveolar/anormalidades , Processo Alveolar/cirurgia , Nariz/anormalidades , Nariz/cirurgia , Rinoplastia/métodos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Feminino , Cuidados Pré-OperatóriosRESUMO
Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is an early presurgical intervention to facilitate primary cleft lip repair by reducing cleft severity and improving labial and nasal form. However, it continues to be associated with the burden of care that influences access and completion of therapy. The authors, therefore, aim to determine the burden of care of NAM therapy for families seeking treatment at a high-volume urban cleft center. A retrospective study of all patients undergoing primary cleft repair between 2012 and 2020 was performed. Patients were grouped based on whether or not NAM therapy was offered. Variables including physical, psychosocial, and financial factors were assessed. Two hundred and thirty patients underwent primary cleft repair between 2012 and 2020. Of these, 176 patients were indicated for NAM, with 4% discontinuing, and 54 patients did not undergo NAM. The 169 patients who completed NAM had a mean duration of treatment of 13.6±8.8 wks consisting of 15±6 scheduled NAM adjustment visits and 1±1 unscheduled visit made urgently to assess caregiver concerns. The mean travel distance was 28.6±37.1 miles. Eighty-four percent of caregivers were married, and 16% did not have English as a primary language. Though 57% had private insurance, 43% of patients received charity support for their treatment. NAM is a finite presurgical intervention that requires caregivers to participate in patient care for approximately three months of their early life. The decision to pursue NAM should be considered alongside the burden of care for caregivers to complete treatment.
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BACKGROUND: Many cleft centers incorporate NasoAlveolar Molding (NAM) into their presurgical treatment protocols. However, there are limited data on eligible patients who do not receive or complete NAM. This study characterizes the demographics associated with non-utilization or completion of NAM. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective review was performed of all patients with cleft lip and alveolus undergoing primary unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair from 2012-2020. Patients were grouped based on utilization or non-utilization of NAM. Demographic and treatment data were collected, including documented reasons for not pursuing or completing NAM. RESULTS: Of 230 eligible patients, 61 patients (27%) did not undergo or complete NAM (no-NAM). In this group, 37 (60.7%) received no presurgical intervention, 12 (19.7%) received presurgical nostril retainers, 3 (4.9%) received lip taping, 1 (1.6%) received a combination of taping/nostril retainers, and 8 (13.1%) discontinued NAM. The most common reasons for not receiving NAM were sufficiently aligned cleft alveolus (21.3%), medical complexity (16.4%), late presentation (16.4%), and alveolar notching (18%). Compared to the NAM group, the no-NAM group had significantly lower rates of prenatal cleft diagnosis/consult, and significantly higher proportion of non-married and non-English speaking caregivers. Multivariable analysis controlling for insurance type, primary language, prenatal consult, marital status, and age at first appointment found that age at first appointment is the only statistically significant predictor of NAM utilization (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Common reasons for non-utilization of NAM include well-aligned cleft alveolus, medical complexity, and late presentation. Early presentation is an important modifiable factor affecting rates of NAM utilization.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Humanos , Lactente , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Nariz/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Moldagem Nasoalveolar , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This paper describes the changes in maxillary arch morphology in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) following nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and with follow up to assess the need for secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) and premaxillary repositioning surgery at preadolescence. METHODS/DESCRIPTION: Treatment records of infants with BCLP treated with NAM between 2003 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients with complete BCLP who underwent NAM and had complete sets of maxillary casts at T 0 pre-NAM (mean = 27 days), T 1 post-NAM (mean = 6 months and 5 days), and T 2 before palate surgery (mean = 11 months and 15 days) were included. The sample comprised 23 infants (18 male, 5 female). Casts were digitized and analyzed using three dimensional software. The need for secondary ABG and premaxillary repositioning surgery was assessed at preadolescent follow-up (mean = 8.3 years). RESULTS: Cleft width was reduced on average by 4.73 mm (SD±3.15 mm) and 6.56 mm (SD±4.65) on the right and left sides, respectively. At T 1, 13 (56.52%) patients underwent bilateral gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP), 8 (34.78%) patients unilateral GPP, and 2 patients (8.7%) did not undergo GPP. 34/46 clefts sites (73.91%) underwent GPP while 12 (26.08%) did not. At preadolescent follow-up of 19 patients, 7 patients (36.84%) did not need ABG on either side, 8 (42.10%) needed ABG on 1 side, and 4 (21.05%) needed ABG on both sides. None of the patients needed premaxillary repositioning surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Nasoalveolar molding treatment significantly improves the position of the premaxilla before primary repair, and there is a significant reduction in the need for secondary ABG and premaxillary repositioning surgery at preadolescence.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Lactente , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Moldagem Nasoalveolar , Nariz/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Simultaneous Le Fort III/I (LF III/I) osteotomies are often performed when a differential advancement of the upper and lower midface is needed. This study aims to evaluate midface position preoperative and 1 week postoperative in patients with severe midface hypoplasia. In addition, this study aims to compare the planned surgical movements to the actual postoperative movements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted using cephalometry for patients treated with a simultaneous LF III/I osteotomy at a single institution. Osteotomies were performed during 1980-2018 on skeletally mature patients with a craniofacial syndrome, with clinical and radiographic follow-up available. RESULTS: Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 20.2±6.4 years. Treatment resulted in statistically significant anterior movements related to Orbitale, anterior nasal spine, A Point, and the upper incisor tip, and inferior movements related to anterior nasal spine, A Point, upper and lower incisor tips, B point, and pogonion. Stability after 1 year showed only statistically significant changes at ANB. The predictable error for planned movements versus actual movements was greater in the vertical plane than the horizontal plane. CONCLUSIONS: A simultaneous LF III/I osteotomy significantly improved the midface position and occlusal relationship in syndromic patients with midface hypoplasia in a predictable manner. Further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the conclusions.
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Ossos Faciais , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Osteotomia de Le Fort/métodos , Ossos Faciais/cirurgia , Face , Cefalometria , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Maxila/cirurgiaRESUMO
This case presents a facially mature patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) who presented with severe class III malocclusion. Computed tomography imaging revealed an anterior crossbite of 19â mm and a narrow pharyngeal airway at the level of the tongue base precluding mandibular setback surgery. The patient was indicated for a LeFort III combined with a LeFort I advancement, each of 10â mm, for a 20â mm combined advancement. Stable, functional occlusion was achieved without airway compromise. This novel use of the combined LeFort III/I can restore stable class I occlusion in patients with BWS at risk for tongue base airway compromise.
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Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle , Má Oclusão , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Humanos , Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteotomia de Le Fort/métodos , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/terapia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos/métodos , Faringe , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Maxila/cirurgia , Cefalometria/métodosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine the growth rate discrepancy of the affected and unaffected ramus heights in Pruzansky Type I and Type II mandibles. METHODS: This is a serial retrospective longitudinal growth study of 30 untreated patients (21 males and 9 females) with UCMF (age range from 5 years to 14 years). The mean age of patients was 8.5 years, and the mean follow-up records were 3.7 years. There were 13 patients in group I with a Pruzansky Type I mandible and 17 patients in group II with a Pruzansky Type II. The unaffected side of the mandible served as a control. Eighteen cephalometric parameters were examined at each of the two-time intervals. RESULTS: In patients with Pruzansky Type I mandible, the affected ramus grew on average 1.41â mm per year; the unaffected ramus grew 1.66â mm per year during the same period. In patients with Pruzansky Type II mandible, the affected ramus grew on average 0.84â mm per year; during the same period, unaffected ramus grew 1.79 per year. When the growth rate of the ramus height on the affected side was compared to the unaffected side, there was no statistically significant difference in Pruzansky Type I mandibles (p > .05); however, there was a statistically significant difference in the Pruzansky Type II mandibles (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The growth rate discrepancy of the affected and unaffected ramus heights was more severe in Pruzansky Type II mandibles than Pruzansky Type I mandibles explaining the progressive nature of facial asymmetry in Pruzansky II mandibles.
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Mandíbula , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To define "high osteotomy" and determine the feasibility of performing this procedure. DESIGN: Single institution, retrospective review. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: 34 skeletally mature, nonsyndromic patients with unilateral CLP who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy between 2013 and 2020. Patients with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans completed both pre- (T1) and post-operatively (T2) were included. Patients with bilateral clefts and rhinoplasty prior to post-operative imaging were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Single jaw one-piece Le Fort I advancement surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of the superior ala and inferior turbinates were taken from the post-operative CBCT. RESULTS: The sample included 26 males and 8 females, 12 right- and 22 left-sided clefts. The inferior turbinates are above the superior alar crease at a rate of 73.53% and 76.48% on the cleft and non-cleft sides, respectively. One (2.9%) osteotomy cut was above the level of the cleft superior alar crease, and no cuts were above the level of the non-cleft superior ala. On average, the superior ala was 2.63â mm below the inferior turbinates. The average vertical distances from the superior alar crease and the inferior turbinates to the base of the non-cleft side pyriform aperture were 12.17â mm (95% CI 4.00-20.34) and 14.80â mm (95% CI 4.61-24.98), respectively. To complete a "high osteotomy," with 95% confidence, the cut should be 20.36â mm from the base of the pyriform aperture. CONCLUSIONS: A "high" osteotomy is not consistently possible due to the relationship between the superior alar crease and the inferior turbinate.
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OBJECTIVES: Cleft lip repair has traditionally been performed as an inpatient procedure. There has been an interest toward outpatient cleft lip repair to reduce healthcare costs and avoid unnecessary hospital stay. We report surgical outcomes following implementation of an ambulatory cleft lip repair protocol and hypothesize that an ambulatory repair results in comparable safety outcomes to inpatient repair. DESIGN/SETTING: This is a single-institution, retrospective study. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Patients undergoing primary unilateral (UCL) and bilateral (BCL) cleft lip repair from 2012 to 2021 with a minimum 30-day follow-up. A total of 226 patients with UCL and 58 patients with BCL were included. INTERVENTION: Ambulatory surgery protocol in 2016. OUTCOME MEASURES: Variables include demographics and surgical data including 30-day readmission, 30-day reoperation, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: There were no differences in rates of 30-day readmission, reoperation, wound complications, or postoperative complications between the pre- and post-protocol groups. Following ambulatory protocol implementation, 80% of the UCL group and 56% of the BCL group received ambulatory surgery. Average length of stay dropped from 24â h pre-protocol to 8â h post-protocol. The 20% of the UCL group and 44% of the BCL group chosen for overnight stay had a significantly higher proportion of congenital abnormalities and higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class. Reasons for overnight stay included cardiac/airway monitoring, prematurity, and monitoring of comorbidities. There were no differences in surgical outcomes between the ambulatory and overnight stay groups. CONCLUSIONS: An ambulatory cleft lip repair protocol can significantly reduce average length of stay without adversely affecting surgical outcomes.
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Fenda Labial , Humanos , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tempo de Internação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The current standard of care for an alveolar cleft defect is an autogenous bone graft, typically from the iliac crest. Given the limitations of alveolar bone graft surgery, such as limited supply, donor site morbidity, graft failure, and need for secondary surgery, there has been growing interest in regenerative medicine strategies to supplement and replace traditional alveolar bone grafts. Though there have been preliminary clinical studies investigating bone tissue engineering methods in human subjects, lack of consistent results as well as limitations in study design make it difficult to determine the efficacy of these interventions. As the field of bone tissue engineering is rapidly advancing, reconstructive surgeons should be aware of the preclinical studies informing these regenerative strategies. We review preclinical studies investigating bone tissue engineering strategies in large animal maxillary or mandibular defects and provide an overview of scaffolds, stem cells, and osteogenic agents applicable to tissue engineering of the alveolar cleft. An electronic search conducted in the PubMed database up to December 2021 resulted in 35 studies for inclusion in our review. Most studies showed increased bone growth with a tissue engineering construct compared to negative control. However, heterogeneity in the length of follow up, method of bone growth analysis, and inconsistent use of positive control groups make comparisons across studies difficult. Future studies should incorporate a pediatric study model specific to alveolar cleft with long-term follow up to fully characterize volumetric defect filling, cellular ingrowth, bone strength, tooth movement, and implant support.
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Enxerto de Osso Alveolar , Fissura Palatina , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Processo Alveolar/cirurgia , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Osteogênese , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
Presurgical infant orthopedic (PSIO) therapy has evolved in both its popularity and focus of treatment since its advent. Nasoalveolar molding, nasal elevators, the Latham appliance, lip taping, and passive plates are the modern treatment options offered by cleft teams. Many cleft surgeons also employ postsurgical nasal stenting (PSNS) after the primary lip repair procedure. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in current PSIO care as well as PSNS for the management of patients with cleft lip and palate. An electronic survey was distributed to cleft team coordinators listed by the American Cleft Palate Association. The survey reported on team setting, provider availability, PSIO offerings, contraindications, and use of PSNS. Descriptive statistics and analyses were performed using MS Excel and SPSS. A total of 102 survey responses were received. The majority of settings were children's specialty hospitals (66%) or university hospitals (27%). Presurgical infant orthopedics was offered by 86% of cleft teams, and the majority of those (68%) provided nasoalveolar molding. Nasal elevators and lip taping are offered at 44% and 53% of centers, respectively. Latham and passive plates are both offered at 5.5% of centers. Most centers had an orthodontist providing treatment. The majority of centers use PSNS (86%). Nasoalveolar molding is the most popular PSIO technique in North American cleft centers followed by the nasal elevator, suggesting that the nasal molding component of PSIO is of critical influence on current treatment practices.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Ortopedia , Lactente , Criança , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , América do NorteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of dental malformations and agenesis in patients who received or did not receive gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: Review of patients born January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2007, with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus, with or without clefting of the secondary palate, who received GPP and/or secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG). Patients were included if they had clinical images and dental radiographs available at ages 5 to 9 and 10 to 12 years. Ninety-four patients met the inclusion criteria; 46 treated with GPP, and 48 who did not receive GPP. OUTCOME MEASURES: Records were assessed for supernumerary, missing, and malformed teeth by a blinded examiner, and prevalence compared between groups using χ2 tests. RESULTS: Cleft side lateral incisors were absent in 54% of GPP patients, compared to 50% in the no-GPP group. Two patients in the GPP group and 1 in the no-GPP group had supernumerary lateral incisors. Most lateral incisors were undersized or peg shaped in both the no-GPP (83.3%) and GPP (71.4%) groups. In the GPP group, 5 (10.9%) patients exhibited central incisor agenesis, and 3 had significant hypoplasia. In the no-GPP group, 4 (8.3%) patients exhibited central incisor agenesis, and 5 (10.5%) significant hypoplasia. These differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Gingivoperiosteoplasty was not associated with increased prevalence of dental malformation or agenesis. When performed appropriately, GPP is a safe treatment technique that does not increase the risk of dental anomalies.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Fenda Labial/complicações , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/complicações , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Humanos , Periósteo/cirurgia , Prevalência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates skeletal and dental outcomes of LeFort I advancement surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with varying degrees of maxillary skeletal hypoplasia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHOD: Lateral cephalograms were digitized at preoperative (T1), immediately postoperative (T2), and 1-year follow-up (T3) and compared to untreated unaffected controls. Based on the severity of cleft maxillary hypoplasia, the sample was divided into 3 groups using Wits analysis: mild: ≤0 to ≥-5 mm; moderate: <-5 to >-10 mm; and severe: ≤-10 mm. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-one patients with nonsyndromic CLP with hypoplastic maxilla who met inclusion criteria. INTERVENTION: LeFort I advancement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Skeletal and dental stability post-LeFort I surgery at a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: At T2, LeFort I surgery produced an average correction of maxillary hypoplasia by 6.4 ± 0.6, 8.1 ± 0.4, and 10.7 ± 0.8 mm in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was a mean relapse of 1 to 1.5 mm observed in all groups. At T3, no statistically significant differences were observed between the surgical groups and controls at angle Sella, Nasion, A point (SNA), A point, Nasion, B point (ANB), and overjet outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: LeFort I advancement produces a stable correction in mild, moderate, and severe skeletal maxillary hypoplasia. Overcorrection is recommended in all patients with CLP to compensate for the expected postsurgical skeletal relapse.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Osteogênese por Distração , Cefalometria , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Humanos , Maxila/cirurgia , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Utilize 3-dimensional (3D) photography to evaluate the nasolabial changes in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who underwent nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and primary reconstructive surgery. DESIGN: This is a retrospective serial longitudinal study of consecutively enrolled infants from September 2012 to July 2016 with BCLP who underwent NAM before primary lip and nose reconstructive surgery. It included infants who had digital 3dMD stereophotogrammetry records at initial presentation (T1), completion of NAM (T2), and 3 weeks following primary repair (T3). Twelve infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 3dMD Vultus software was used to orient images and plot 16 nasolabial points with x, y, z coordinates to obtain the linear and angular measurements. Nasal form changes were measured and analyzed between T1 (0.5 months old), T2 (5 months old), and T3 (6 months old). Intraclass correlation coefficient was performed for intrarater reliability. Averaged data from the 3D images was statistically analyzed from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3 with Wilcoxon tests. Unaffected infant norms from the Farkas publication were used as a control sample. RESULTS: After NAM therapy, statistically significant changes in the position of subnasale and labius superius improved nasolabial symmetry. Both retruded after NAM were displaced downward after NAM and surgical correction with respect to soft tissue nasion. The nasal tip's projection was maintained with NAM and surgical correction. The columella lengthened from 1.4 to 4.71 mm following NAM. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant improvement in the nasolabial anatomy after NAM, and this was further enhanced after primary reconstructive surgery.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Fenda Labial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico por imagem , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Septo Nasal , Moldagem Nasoalveolar , Nariz/cirurgia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of orthognathic surgery (OGS) in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) who had previously undergone mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO). DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients with CFM who were treated with OGS at a single institution between 1996 and 2019. The clinical records, operative reports, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were reviewed. CBCT data before OGS (T1), immediately after OGS (T2), and at long-term follow-up (T3) were analyzed using Dolphin three-dimensional software to measure the occlusal cant and chin point deviation. RESULTS: The study included 12 patients with CFM who underwent OGS (6 underwent OGS without MDO and 6 underwent OGS after MDO). There was a statistically significant improvement in occlusal cant and chin point deviation in both groups postoperatively. Occlusal cant relapsed by a mean of 0.6° (standard deviation [SD] 1.1°) in the patients who had OGS alone compared with 0.7° (SD 1.2°) in the patients who had OGS after MDO (P = .745) between T2 and T3. There was no statistically significant difference in chin point relapse between patients who had OGS alone compared with those who had OGS after MDO (0.1 mm [SD 2.5mm] vs 0.7mm [SD 2.2mm]; P = .808). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, these findings suggest that OGS after MDO in patients with CFM can produce stable results.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the association between the magnitude of advancement and dental and skeletal relapse in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). METHODS: A single-institution retrospective cohort study of skeletally matured patients with CLP who underwent isolated Le Fort I advancement surgery between 2013 and 2019 was studied. Patients were included if they had lateral cephalograms or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at preoperative (T1), immediately postoperative (T2), and 1-year follow-up (T3). Lateral cephalometric landmarks were digitized and measured. The sample was divided on the basis of the magnitude of skeletal advancement: minor (<5 mm), moderate (≥5 but <10 mm), and major (≥10 mm) advancement groups. The mean advancement and relapse were compared between groups using 1-way ANOVA. Correlation between the amount of surgical advancement and relapse was evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with nonsyndromic CLP with hypoplastic maxilla met inclusion criteria and the sample consisted of 36 males and 13 females with the mean age of 19.5 years. In the minor, moderate, and major advancement groups, the mean advancement at point A was +4.1 ± 0.4,â¯+â¯7.5 ± 1.4, and +11.3 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. At 1-year follow-up, the mean relapse at point A was -1.3 ± 1.2, -1.1 ± 1.2, and -1.7 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the relapse amount between all surgical groups. No correlation between the magnitude of advancement and relapse was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated no statistically significant difference in skeletal stability between a minor (<5 mm), moderate (≥5 but <10 mm), and major (≥10 mm) Le Fort I advancement groups in patients with clefts. Regardless of the degree of advancement, mild skeletal relapse was observed in all 3 groups.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Adulto , Cefalometria , Fenda Labial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico por imagem , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila/cirurgia , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This is a retrospective study to evaluate the postsurgical position of the maxilla and mandible in 5 matured craniofacial patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia who underwent 2 jaw surgical procedures using computerized surgical planning. The craniofacial surgeon and orthodontist completed the virtual surgical treatment plan with a biomedical engineer's assistance via a web meeting. The treatment plan of each patient included 2 jaw surgery with genioplasty. At the maxillary dental midline, the planned mean advancement was 4âmm; yaw, a rotational correction towards the unaffected side was 4.96âmm; and impaction was 2.74âmm. The mean advancement measured at point B was 10.5âmm, and the rotational correction towards the unaffected side was 6.58âmm. The mean advancement following genioplasty was 8.43âmm, and the mean transverse correction was 6.33âmm towards the midsagittal plane. The intermediate surgical splint, final surgical splint, bone graft templates, and cutting guides were constructed utilizing computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology. The surgeon executed the treatment plan in the operating room using appropriate computer-generated guides and splints. A postsurgical cone-beam computed tomography scan was obtained and superimposed on the surgical treatment plan using Simplant OMS 10.1 software. The cranial base was used as a reference for superimposition. Three-dimensional color-coded displacement maps were generated to visually and quantitatively assess the surgical outcome. There was a mean error of 0.88âmm (+0.30) for the position of the maxillary anatomical structures from the planned position, and the anterior mandibular anatomical structures were on average 0.96âmm (+0.26) from the planned position.
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Síndrome de Goldenhar , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Assimetria Facial/diagnóstico por imagem , Assimetria Facial/cirurgia , Síndrome de Goldenhar/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Goldenhar/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AIM: To assess treatment outcome and 1-year stability of LeFort I advancement in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. METHODS: Thirty-five patients (age 20.65â±â2.20âyears) with unilateral (nâ=â25) or bilateral (nâ=â10) complete cleft lip and palate who underwent LeFort I advancement were included.Lateral cephalograms before surgery (T1), immediately postsurgery (T2), and at 1-year follow-up (T3) were superimposed, and the position of anterior nasal spine (ANS), A-point, and U1 Tip assessed using an x, y coordinate system. Differences between landmark positions at the 3-time points were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, with a significance defined as α ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The mean surgical advancement in the horizontal direction (T2-T1) was 6.50â±â2.62âmm at ANS (Pâ<â0.001) and 7.05â±â2.51âmm at A-point (Pâ<â0.001). At a 1-year follow-up (T3-T2), the mean horizontal relapse at ANS was -1.41â±â1.89âmm (Pâ<â0.001) and -0.79â±â1.48âmm at A-point (P 0.003). Mean horizontal relapse was 21.7% and 11% of surgical advancement when assessed at ANS and A-point, respectively. The central incisor tip position remained stable during the postsurgical period (0.12â±â2.11âmm, P 0.732). At A-point, the mean vertical surgical change (T2-T1) was -0.96â±â2.57âmm (Pâ<â0.001). No significant post-treatment (T3-T2) vertical changes were detected at ANS or A-point. Phenotypic stability was excellent, with all patients maintaining positive overjet at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: LeFort I advancement in complete cleft lip and palate is stable, with less than a 2âmm relapse after 1-year. Surgical overcorrection by 10% to 20% is recommended to compensate for the expected skeletal relapse.
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Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Adolescente , Adulto , Cefalometria , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Humanos , Maxila , Osteotomia de Le Fort , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Nasal duplication is a rare congenital deformity with many subtypes including supernumerary nostril. The challenge of surgical correction is to achieve nasal symmetry and restore nasal airflow. However, there is no defined protocol for treatment, especially with regard to presurgical therapy. METHODS: We performed a review of literature of studies reporting on patients with supernumerary nostril to complete this review. We then report on a patient with supernumerary nostril who was treated with nostril expansion therapy prior to surgical intervention. RESULTS: We identified 59 cases of nostril duplication. Because of the rarity of the condition, treatment protocols varied greatly. For our patient, preoperative nasal appliance therapy was implemented for 3 months prior to surgical intervention. Patient was followed-up regularly for 1 year. DISCUSSION: Although literature on nasal duplication is scarce, there is a general agreement that early intervention has psychological, anatomic, and functional benefits to the patient. In our case report, nostril expansion therapy was easy to implement and facilitated surgical reconstruction, resulting in aesthetic outcome and expanded airway 1 year postoperatively.
Assuntos
Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório , Rinoplastia , Estética Dentária , Humanos , Cavidade Nasal/cirurgia , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagem , Nariz/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess social and demographic influences on caregiver success and difficulty with nasoalveolar molding (NAM). DESIGN: Retrospective review identified patients who began NAM between April 22, 2013, and April 18, 2017, at the New York University Langone Medical Center. Records were reviewed, and the following sociodemographic data retrieved: parental marital status, parental ages, number of siblings, distance traveled to clinic, insurance coverage, concurrent medical conditions, and need for an interpreter. PATIENTS: Patients were included if complete charting was available; 106 patients met the inclusion criteria; 79 patients with unilateral and 27 with bilateral clefts. OUTCOME MEASURES: Chart entries indicating incorrect appliance usage, emergency visits, phone calls, and noncompliance were recorded. Alveolar cleft gap closure was measured on pre- and posttreatment models in unilateral cases. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of social variables on these outcomes. RESULTS: Alveolar cleft gap closure was 7.2 ± 3.0 mm, or 78.5% ± 19.1%. Cleft closure increased with paternal age by 0.33 mm (P = .007) or 2.0% (P = .017) per year, decreased with maternal age by 0.29 mm (P = .041) per year, and increased in married and partnered parents by 39% (P = .018). Incorrect appliance usage averaged 0.62 fewer instances for married and partnered parents (P = .018) and 0.43 fewer for those with private insurance (P = .019). CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar cleft gap closure was more successful for older fathers, younger mothers, and married couples. Married couples were also less likely to experience treatment difficulties such as incorrect appliance usage or inadequate duration of wear, as were those with private insurance coverage.