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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(10): 2128-2134, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39213261

RESUMO

We linked 4 mpox cases in South Ubangi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, to transboundary transmission from Central African Republic. Viral genome sequencing demonstrated that the monkeypox virus sequences belonged to distinct clusters of subclade Ia. This finding demonstrates the borderless nature of mpox and highlights the need for vigilant regional surveillance.


Assuntos
Monkeypox virus , Mpox , Filogenia , Monkeypox virus/genética , Monkeypox virus/classificação , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia , Mpox/epidemiologia , Mpox/virologia , Mpox/transmissão , Humanos , República Centro-Africana/epidemiologia , Masculino , Genoma Viral , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(4): 761-765, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38526165

RESUMO

In September 2022, deaths of pigs manifesting pox-like lesions caused by swinepox virus were reported in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Two human mpox cases were found concurrently in the surrounding community. Specific diagnostics and robust sequencing are needed to characterize multiple poxviruses and prevent potential poxvirus transmission.


Assuntos
Mpox , Poxviridae , Suipoxvirus , Humanos , Animais , Suínos , Mpox/epidemiologia , Monkeypox virus/genética , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia
3.
medRxiv ; 2024 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39371169

RESUMO

The ongoing national mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has resulted in more >30,000 suspected cases in the country from January 2023 to August 2024. While these historic case totals have been driven by primarily by zoonosis, the emergence of Clade Ib monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is connected to more sustained human-to-human transmission, has been associated with increasing public health impacts in eastern DRC. First identified in South Kivu province, Clade Ib MPXV has been identified in multiple non-endemic East African countries for the first time. In DRC, there have been concerns over broader Clade Ib expansion in the country that could further complicate containment and mitigation responses. Here, we report the first introductions of Clade Ib into North Kivu province, including within internal displacement camps, with suspected close contact transmission that includes non-intimate contacts and children. These findings demonstrate that mpox case investigations and community messaging campaigns should include considerations for non-sexual contact-mediated transmission of Clade Ib that includes children <15 years.

4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 107(37): 16262-7, 2010 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20805472

RESUMO

Studies on the burden of human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were last conducted from 1981 to 1986. Since then, the population that is immunologically naïve to orthopoxviruses has increased significantly due to cessation of mass smallpox vaccination campaigns. To assess the current risk of infection, we analyzed human monkeypox incidence trends in a monkeypox-enzootic region. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted in nine health zones in central DRC. Epidemiologic data and biological samples were obtained from suspected cases. Cumulative incidence (per 10,000 population) and major determinants of infection were compared with data from active surveillance in similar regions from 1981 to 1986. Between November 2005 and November 2007, 760 laboratory-confirmed human monkeypox cases were identified in participating health zones. The average annual cumulative incidence across zones was 5.53 per 10,000 (2.18-14.42). Factors associated with increased risk of infection included: living in forested areas, male gender, age < 15, and no prior smallpox vaccination. Vaccinated persons had a 5.2-fold lower risk of monkeypox than unvaccinated persons (0.78 vs. 4.05 per 10,000). Comparison of active surveillance data in the same health zone from the 1980s (0.72 per 10,000) and 2006-07 (14.42 per 10,000) suggests a 20-fold increase in human monkeypox incidence. Thirty years after mass smallpox vaccination campaigns ceased, human monkeypox incidence has dramatically increased in rural DRC. Improved surveillance and epidemiological analysis is needed to better assess the public health burden and develop strategies for reducing the risk of wider spread of infection.


Assuntos
Mpox/epidemiologia , Vacina Antivariólica/imunologia , Varíola/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Clima , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mpox/imunologia , Saúde da População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Varíola/imunologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
5.
Int Health ; 5(4): 237-43, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24246742

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox (MPX) is an endemic disease of public health importance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In 2010, the DRC Ministry of Health joined with external partners to improve MPX surveillance in the Tshuapa Health District of DRC. A pivotal component of the program is training of health zone personnel in surveillance methods and patient care. In this report we evaluate outcomes of the training program. METHODS: Health care worker knowledge of key concepts in the MPX training curriculum was assessed using an anonymous self-administered survey. Additionally, evaluators collected feedback about the capacity of participants to perform the surveillance tasks. Training impacts were determined by assessing various surveillance performance metrics. RESULTS: Correct trainee responses to questions about MPX symptoms and patient care increased significantly upon completion of training events. During the 12 months after the initial training, the proportion of suspected cases investigated increased significantly (from 6.7 to 37.3%), as compared to the 5 months prior. However, the proportion of reported cases that were ultimately confirmed remained unchanged, 20.1% (5/24) vs 23.3% (60/257). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the MPX curriculum developed for this initiative was effective in transferring knowledge and was associated with improved detection of human MPX cases.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Mpox/diagnóstico , Mpox/terapia , Adulto , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mpox/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/estatística & dados numéricos
6.
PLoS One ; 8(7): e66071, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23935820

RESUMO

Climate change is predicted to result in changes in the geographic ranges and local prevalence of infectious diseases, either through direct effects on the pathogen, or indirectly through range shifts in vector and reservoir species. To better understand the occurrence of monkeypox virus (MPXV), an emerging Orthopoxvirus in humans, under contemporary and future climate conditions, we used ecological niche modeling techniques in conjunction with climate and remote-sensing variables. We first created spatially explicit probability distributions of its candidate reservoir species in Africa's Congo Basin. Reservoir species distributions were subsequently used to model current and projected future distributions of human monkeypox (MPX). Results indicate that forest clearing and climate are significant driving factors of the transmission of MPX from wildlife to humans under current climate conditions. Models under contemporary climate conditions performed well, as indicated by high values for the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), and tests on spatially randomly and non-randomly omitted test data. Future projections were made on IPCC 4(th) Assessment climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2080, ranging from more conservative to more aggressive, and representing the potential variation within which range shifts can be expected to occur. Future projections showed range shifts into regions where MPX has not been recorded previously. Increased suitability for MPX was predicted in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Models developed here are useful for identifying areas where environmental conditions may become more suitable for human MPX; targeting candidate reservoir species for future screening efforts; and prioritizing regions for future MPX surveillance efforts.


Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Monkeypox virus/fisiologia , Mpox/virologia , Animais , Cercopithecus/virologia , República Democrática do Congo , Ecossistema , Geografia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Modelos Teóricos , Mpox/transmissão , Sciuridae/virologia , Árvores/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
Ecohealth ; 8(1): 14-25, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21069425

RESUMO

Although the incidence of human monkeypox has greatly increased in Central Africa over the last decade, resources for surveillance remain extremely limited. We conducted a geospatial analysis using existing data to better inform future surveillance efforts. Using active surveillance data collected between 2005 and 2007, we identified locations in Sankuru district, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where there have been one or more cases of human monkeypox. To assess what taxa constitute the main reservoirs of monkeypox, we tested whether human cases were associated with (i) rope squirrels (Funisciurus sp.), which were implicated in monkeypox outbreaks elsewhere in the DRC in the 1980s, or (ii) terrestrial rodents in the genera Cricetomys and Graphiurus, which are believed to be monkeypox reservoirs in West Africa. Results suggest that the best predictors of human monkeypox cases are proximity to dense forests and associated habitat preferred by rope squirrels. The risk of contracting monkeypox is significantly greater near sites predicted to be habitable for squirrels (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.63). We recommend that semi-deciduous rainforests with oil-palm, the rope squirrel's main food source, be prioritized for monitoring.


Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças , Mpox/transmissão , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Animais , República Democrática do Congo , Vetores de Doenças , Humanos , Monkeypox virus/isolamento & purificação , Vigilância da População/métodos , Análise de Regressão , Medição de Risco , Sciuridae/virologia , Árvores
8.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 13(6): 934-7, 2007 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17553242

RESUMO

By analyzing vesicle fluids and crusted scabs from 136 persons with suspected monkeypox, we identified 51 cases of monkeypox by PCR, sequenced the hemagglutinin gene, and confirmed 94% of cases by virus culture. PCR demonstrated chickenpox in 61 patients. Coinfection with both viruses was found in 1 additional patient.


Assuntos
Mpox/epidemiologia , Mpox/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Varicela/diagnóstico , Varicela/epidemiologia , Varicela/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Hemaglutininas/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vigilância da População
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