[CHARACTERISTIC OF APOPTOSIS OF CORONARY ARTERY CELLS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS].

Aim: To study apoptosis of endothelial cells (EC), macrophages (MF) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the early atherosclerotic process (prior to plaque formation), elucidate mechanisms of its realization and evaluate effect on progression of atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: Histopathological studies were performed on coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis taken at autopsy of patients with coronary heart disease (n = 63). To detect apoptosis, the TUNEL method was used for calculating the apoptotic index (AI) in paraffin sections. Phenotyping the cells and test for expression of active caspase 3 (AC-3) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were performed using sections of coronary arteries stained by immunohistochemistry. Results: The study of apoptosis showed a significant (p <0.0001) increase in AI of SMC, EC, MF coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis compared with unaffected vessels. Progression of the atherosclerotic process led to a decrease of AI of SMC and EC. Statistical analysis revealed moderate feedback between AI of SMC and neointimal thickness in the development of atherosclerotic lesions (r = -0,44, p <0.0001). The amount of the AC-positive SMC and EC at the stage of lipoidosis significantly (p <0.0001) exceeded the number of AC -positive SMC at the liposclerosis stage. Expression of AIF was observed in the nuclei of EC in the newly formed vessels of hyperplastic intima. Conclusions: Early atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries are accompanied by intense apoptosis of SMC, EC and MF. The intensity of apoptosis of SMC and EC decreases with the development of atherosclerosis. Progression of intimal hyperplasia at the early stages of atherosclerosis is associated with reduced apoptosis of smooth muscle cells and enhanced macrophage apoptosis. Apoptosis of SMC and MF is caspase-dependent. Apoptosis of endothelial cells can occur both with the participation of caspases and independently of them (with AIF).

[Micromorphology of decayed tooth tissues covered with artificial crown].

Pathomorphological changes in dentine covered with artificial crown were studied in 40 decalcified teeth extracted from patients aged 35-61 years. The study of the decayed dentin microscopic structure revealed the uniform mineralization of dentinal tubules in 20% of cases, while in the absence of visually apparent caries it was present in 80% of cases. Irregular dentin structure was seen in 45% of caries cases and in 30% of observations with no signs of caries. Predentine distrophy and odontoblasts elimination in the decayed teeth was found in 55% of the observations while in the absence of caries lesions these features were seen in 70% of cases.

[Apoptosis cells of coronary artery wall as developing and progressing factor of coronary sclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study apoptosis of individual cellular components of the vascular wall of coronary arteries at different morphological stages of atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on coronary arteries taken from 52 deceased patients with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease at different stages of atherogenesis. For morphological study prepared paraffin sections, which were stained for morphological studies were prepared paraffin sections, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, by Van Gieson, Masson, on lipids with Sudan black B, according to Van Cossu. To determine apoptosis, TUNEL method used in paraffin sections. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated by TUNEL-positive cells and the average inner shell coronary artery around the perimeter each with increasing microscopic 1000. RESULTS: Investigation showed significant apoptosis (p < 0.05) increase in AI smooth muscle, endothelial cells, macrophages in the coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis compared to intact control group vascular segments significant reduction AI endothelial, smooth muscle cells and macrophages (p < 0.05) traced from the early stages of atherogenic disorders to atheromatosis. CONCLUSIONS: It is established that apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, macrophages and endothelial cells is the most intensive on early stages of atherosclerotic process. In process of progressing of atherosclerosis intensity and prevalence of apoptosis of coronary artery wall cells decreases, and processes of necrosis becomes predominant. Apoptosis of coronary artery wall cells is valuable in increasing the zones of atheromatosis, plaque destabilizations, and also increases the risk of thrombosis and ulcerations.

[Influence of hemicellulose based anticoagulant on male rat reproductive function].

Results of estimation of the effect of a new hemicellulose-based anticoagulant drug on the reproductive function of white male rats are presented. No negative impact on the fertility and breed was observed for the drug administered in doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg. However, in a dose of 50 mg/kg, the new drug negatively affected spermatogenesis and decrease the reproductive function of male rats.

[Subacute and primary-chronic osteomyelitis in children].

Clinical specificity and biopsy material from bone foci were studied in 81 children aged from 4 months to 15 years with subacute and primary chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis (PCO). The poorly manifesting course of this pathology is stressed. It is expedient to take into account the morphological alterations in the pathological foci and clinical stages of the disease in diagnosing strategy of treatment of subacute and PCO.

Elaboration of the phenotypic changes of the upper limbs in the Neu-Laxova syndrome.

We present two new cases and data from a detailed study of the upper limbs (structural changes, the state of peripheral nerves, arteries, muscles and bones) of three stillborn infants with the Neu-Laxova syndrome. The morphogenesis of many of the examined anatomical structures in these fetuses was anomalous. The origin of these anomalies is discussed.

[Pathological anatomy of monogenic syndromes of multiple congenital developmental defects]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia monogennykh sindromov mnozhestvennykh vrozhdennykh porokov razvitiia.

Morphological study, with no selection, is performed of 1106 stillborns and children died before one year of age with congenital malformations (CM), 536 (46.9 +/- 1.5%) among them having multiple CM. Syndrome diagnosis is made in 44.1 +/- 2.1% cases: in 26.9 +/- 1.9% among them these were syndromes of chromosomal and in 17.9 +/- 1.7% syndromes of non-chromosomal etiology. Monogenic hereditary forms among non-chromosomal syndromes were in 42.1 +/- 4.8%. Comparative analysis of frequency and types of CM of various systems in monogenic and chromosomal syndromes and unclassified CM showed that the monogenic syndromes by their phenotypic manifestations are close to the chromosomal syndromes. The uniformity of alterations of certain morphological structures in these syndromes appear to be the consequence of common ways of realisation of both mutant genes in monogenic syndromes and their imbalance in chromosomal syndromes.

[The nature of posttraumatic regeneration of the mandible depending on the method of osteosynthesis]. / Kharakter posttravmaticheskoi regeneratsii nizhnei cheliusti v zavisimosti ot sposoba osteosinteza.

Osteosynthesis of mandibular fragments by the traditional and biomechanics-based methods was studied in dogs. The morphological picture was virtually the same in the immediate periods (5-10 days), whereas in remote periods (1, 3, and 6 months) osteogenesis was more adequate in the group where biomechanically based methods were used, particularly so with the supraosseous miniplates.

[Hereditary factors and their causative role in anatomic variation]. / Nasledstvennye faktroy i ikh kauzal'noe znachenie dlia anatomicheskoi izmenchivosti.

As demonstrate the literature data and the authors' observations on the composition of the anatomical structures of the extremities at the popliteal pterigyum syndrome of Smith-Lemley-Optis, as well as at some other monogenic syndromes, the manifestation of the anatomical changeability in humans is defined, to an essential degree, by hereditary factors. A suggestion is made that investigation of the anatomical changeability in connection with genetic peculiarities of the organism makes it possible to approach the causal interpretation of the variants and the developmental anomalies and comprehend the sources of multiplicity of forms and structure of the human organs and systems.

[Aplasia of the radius and mechanisms of deformity of the arm]. / Aplaziia luchevoi kosti i mekhanizmy deformatsii verkhnei konechnosti.

A complex study (roentgenographic, arteriographic, anatomic, anthrometric and microscopic) of 16 upper extremities of stillborn and deceased infants with aplasia and hypoplasia of the radius has been carried out. The etiologic factors of the defect were chromosomal and monogenic mutations and multifactor causes. It has been demonstrated that: 1) in cases of reduction of the radius the structure of the arteries, nerves and muscles in destroyed mostly in the radial border of the forearm and hand; 2) the severity of the changes in the anatomic depends on the type of the defect; 3) the pathomorphologic manifestations of the forms of the defect characterized by the same severity are mostly similar. The mechanisms of deformations of the hand in aplasia (hypoplasia of the radius) are discussed.

Campomelic syndrome: concepts of the bowing and shortening in the lower limbs.

A comprehensive study (bone roentgenography, arteriography, gross dissection, microscopy of the long bones, and biochemical study of proteoglycan-aggregates in the hyaline cartilage) of the lower limbs in a full-term stillborn with the campomelic syndrome was performed. Hyaline cartilage immaturity of the long bones, dysplasia of growth plates, focal shaft dysplasia, and a defective length of the posterior femur and crus muscles were revealed. The genesis of the bowing and shortening of the long bones in the lower limbs is discussed.

Partial trisomy 10p in two generations.

Two cases of partial 10p trisomy due to a t(10;20)(p12;p12) in two generations of a family are presented. Analysis of 20 known cases of such aberrations confirmed the opinion of Schleiermacher et al. (1974) that partial trisomy 10p is a distinct clinically recognizable entity. The most important diagnostic features of this syndrome are dolichocephaly, prominent forehead, wide open sutures and fontanelles, broad root of the nose, cleft lip and palate, clubfoot, and cystic changes in kidneys.

Difficulties in classification of the short rib-polydactyly syndromes.

A case of "short rib-polydactyly" (SRP) syndrome (type II-Saldino-Noonan) with a detailed study of the bones, muscles and peripheral nerves in the extremities is presented. Analysis of the literature (35 cases with different forms of SRP) and the comparison of clinical, genetic and morphological data lead us to consider that different types of SRP may be related to different alleles of the same gene. Genetic heterogeneity (mutations of different genes) is also possible.

The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. A detailed pathological study as a clue to a etiological heterogeneity.

An analysis of 33 autopsied cases with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (including 8 cases from our practice) is presented. Polydactyly in dead SLOS children was found in 51% (17/33) of cases and occurred significantly more often in this group than in the whole group of SLOS (20-22%). Certain morphological differences in the type of renal, cerebral, pulmonary and pancreatic anomalies indicate the existence of two phenotypically similar SLOS: 1) with polydactyly; 2) without it. The presented data initiate SLOS heterogeneity.

Partial trisomy 5q and partial monosomy 5q within the same family.

The observation of partial trisomy for 5q31-5qter and partial monosomy for the same segment in two offspring within the same family is presented. Their normal mother was a balanced carrier of a reciprocal translocation 46,XX,t(5;10) (q31.3;q26). The trisomic female had craniofacial dysplasia, a short neck, clinodactyly of the 5th fingers, a small umbilical hernia, arhinencephalia, cerebellar hypoplasia, atrial septal defect, an accessory spleen, bifid uterus and vagina, hypoplastic ovaries. Potter syndrome with cystic dysplasia of the left kidney and agenesis of the right, urethral atresia, uterus unicornus with utero-urethral fistula, true hermaphroditism with two ovaries and one testicle were found in her stillborn sister. Analysis of the manifestations of monosomy 5q and trisomy 5q in the same family supports a well known fact that the effects of deletions are more pronounced than those of duplications for the same segments.