RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acridine compounds have been described as promising anticancer agents. Previous studies showed that (E)-1'-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-06), a spiro-acridine compound, has antitumor activity on Ehrlich tumor and low toxicity. Herein, we investigated its antitumor effect against human cells in vitro. METHODS: MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of AMTAC-06 (3.125-200 µM) against tumor and non-tumor cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The effects on the cell cycle (propidium iodide-PI-staining), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining by flow cytometry), and production of reactive oxygen species, ROS (DCFH assay) were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was achieved using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. RESULTS: AMTAC-06 showed higher cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells (IC50: 12.62 µM). The SI showed that AMTAC-06 was more selective for HCT-116 cells (HaCaT SI: 1.41; PBMC SI: 0.62) than doxorubicin (HaCaT SI: 0.10; PBMC SI: 0.01). AMTAC-06 (15 and 30 µM) induced an increase in the sub-G1 peak (p < 0.000001) and cell cycle arrest in S phase (p = 0.003547). Moreover, treatment with this compound (15 and 30 µM) resulted in increased early (p < 0.000001) and late apoptotic cells (p < 0.000001). In addition, there was a reduction on ROS production (p < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS: AMTAC-06 presents anticancer activity against HCT-116 cells by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and an antioxidant action.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Colorretais , Compostos de Espiro , Acridinas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Studies with acridine compounds have reported anticancer effects. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity and antitumor effect of the (E)-1'-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-06), a promising anticancer spiro-acridine compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The toxicity of AMTAC-06 was evaluated on zebrafish and mice. Antitumor activity was assessed in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model. Effects on angiogenesis, cytokine levels and cell cycle were also investigated. RESULTS: AMTAC-06 did not induce toxicity on zebrafish and mice (LD50 approximately 5000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). No genotoxicity was observed on micronucleus assay. AMTAC-06 significantly reduced the total viable Ehrlich tumor cells and increased sub-G1 peak, suggesting apoptosis was triggered. Moreover, the compound significantly decreased the density of peritumoral microvessels, indicating an anti-angiogenic action, possibly dependent on the cytokine modulation (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IFN-γ). No significant toxicological effects were recorded for AMTAC-06 on tumor transplanted animals. CONCLUSION: AMTAC-06 has low toxicity and a significant antitumor activity.
Assuntos
Acridinas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Acridinas/química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos de Espiro/química , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
Structural diversity characterizes natural products as prototypes for design of lead compounds. The aim of this study was to synthetize, and to evaluate the toxicity and antitumor action of a new piperine analogue, the butyl 4-(4-nitrobenzoate)-piperinoate (DE-07). Toxicity was evaluated against zebrafish, and in mice (acute and micronucleus assays). To evaluate the DE-07 antitumor activity Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model was used in mice. Angiogenesis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and cytokines levels were investigated. Ninety-six hours exposure to DE-07 did not cause morphological or developmental changes in zebrafish embryos and larvae, with estimated LC50 (lethal concentration 50%) higher than 100 µg/mL. On the acute toxicity assay in mice, LD50 (lethal dose 50%) was estimated at around 1000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.). DE-07 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) did not induce increase in the number of micronucleated erythrocytes in mice, suggesting no genotoxicity. On Ehrlich tumor model, DE-07 (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a significant decrease on cell viability. In addition, there was an increase on ROS production and a decrease in peritumoral microvessels density. Moreover, DE-07 induced an increase of cytokines levels involved in oxidative stress and antiangiogenic effect (IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-4). No significant clinical toxicological effects were recorded in Ehrlich tumor transplanted animals. These data provide evidence that DE-07 presents low toxicity, and antitumor effect via oxidative and antiangiogenic actions by inducing modulation of inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Microambiente Tumoral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/toxicidade , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/imunologia , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Oxidantes/síntese química , Oxidantes/toxicidade , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/toxicidade , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/embriologiaAssuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Acridinas/farmacologia , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Apoptose , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ciclo Celular , Antineoplásicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Leishmaniasis, affecting more than 12 million people worldwide has become a severe public-health problem. The therapeutic arsenal against leishmaniasis is mainly administered by parenteral route; it is toxic, expensive, and associated with recurrence risk. The need for further therapeutic compounds research is pressing. In previous studies, we demonstrated the antileishmanial activities of ten 2-amino-thiophene derivatives, which evidenced the action of a compound, called SB-83, having expressive antileishmania activity in an in vitro infection model. In the present work, we describe preclinical studies of the thiophenic derivative SB-83, such as acute toxicity, genotoxicity, in vivo oral efficacy in a murine model, and in vitro antileishmanial activity against an L. amazonensis SbIII-resistant strain. Determining acute preclinical toxicity, the LD50 of SB-83 was estimated at 2500 mg/kg orally, with few behavioral changes in Swiss mice. Further, treatment with 2000 mg/kg of SB-83 did not induce in vivo genotoxic activity in the peripheral blood micronucleus assay. In 7 weeks of oral treatment, SB-83 reduced paw lesion size in L. amazonensis infected mice by 52.47 ± 5.32%, and decreased the parasite load of the popliteal lymph node and spleen at the highest dose tested (200 mg/kg) respectively by 42.57 ± 3.14%, and 100%, without presenting weight change or other changes of clinical importance in the biochemical and hematological profiles. The treatment of promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of SbIII sensitive and resistant strains with SB-83 did not produce differences in antileishmania activity, which suggests no cross-resistance. Thus, this work demonstrated that SB-83 has potential as a new active drug candidate even when orally administered, which may become a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of leishmaniasis.