RESUMO
The aim of this research was to develop a chalcone-based endodontic irrigant for cleaning and disinfecting the root canal. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiments in C. albicans and E. faecalis strains with different aminochalcones (AM) were carried out, and the compound that presented the best activity against both pathogens was chosen. The formulation of an endodontic irrigant was elaborated, tested in mono and dual specie biofilms. Disks were sterilized and then incubated with E. faecalis, C. albicans and E. faecalis and C. albicans mixed for 72 h for biofilm maturation. After contamination, samples were divided in 4 experimental groups and 2 positive control group as follows: Group1: Irrigant; Group2: Irrigant + AM-38; Group3: Chlorhexidine 2% (positive control) and, Group 4: 1.0% sodium hypochlorite (positive control). The samples were analyzed by CFU/ml count. The sample was taken to sonicador to remove the cells and then plated. The toxicity was determined in vitro with human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) and in vivo using the Galleria mellonella model. Formulation showed antimicrobial activity, with MIC on C. albicans 15.6 and E. faecalis 7.8 µg/ml. Treatment with formulation in concentration 156 µg/ml significantly reduced mono or dual species biofilm formation and viability (p < 0.05). The results were significant against C. albicans and E. faecalis and did not show toxicity in cells and G. mellonella. In general, the formulation showed effective antibiofilm activity, significantly reducing microorganisms, opening paths in search of new endodontic irrigants.
Assuntos
Candida albicans , Chalconas , Humanos , Enterococcus faecalis , Chalconas/farmacologia , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Cavidade PulparRESUMO
Candida auris emerged as a pathogen resistant to multiple antifungal and has been associated with nosocomial outbreaks with high transmission capacity between hospitalized individuals. C. auris was first described in 2009, after being isolated from the external ear canal discharge of a patient in Japan. The difficulty in identification, incorrect use of antifungal drugs, and treatment failure are causes of high mortality. Since then, C. auris has been increasingly reported from East Asia to North America, with substantial fatalities and misidentification. This review aims at describing the epidemiology, virulence, risk factors, resistance, and therapeutic options in C. auris infections.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Ásia/epidemiologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/patogenicidade , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase/patologia , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/patologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Humanos , América do Norte/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , VirulênciaRESUMO
Aim: We evaluated Diacetylcurcumin (DAC), a derivative of curcumin, for its antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined, along with antibiofilm potential and toxicity in Galleria mellonella. Additionally, in silico computational analysis was performed to understand its mechanisms of action. Results & conclusion: DAC demonstrated significant antibacterial effects, with MIC and MBC values of 15.6 and 31.25 µg/ml, respectively, and reduced biofilm formation. A synergistic effect, reducing biofilm by 77%, was observed when combined with calcium hydroxide. G. mellonella toxicity tests confirmed DAC's safety at tested concentrations, suggesting its potential for use in root canal disinfection products.
Diacetylcurcumin (DAC) comes from turmeric, a natural spice often used in food. DAC may have the ability to fight germs, including the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. We tested DAC's ability to kill E. faecalis and stopping the formation of films of the bacteria. We found that a small amount of DAC did kill E. faecalis. When used with calcium hydroxide, DAC works even better to reduce the formation of bacterial films by 77%. DAC is safe to be used on teeth, so may be a useful ingredient for preserving mouth health.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Curcumina , Enterococcus faecalis , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mariposas , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/fisiologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Animais , Mariposas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mariposas/microbiologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Hidróxido de Cálcio/farmacologia , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologiaRESUMO
Brazilian organic propolis (BOP) is an unexplored Brazilian propolis that is produced organically and certified according to international legislation. Our results showed that BOP has strong anti-inflammatory effects and acts by reducing nuclear factor κB activation, tumor necrosis factor α release, and neutrophil migration. In addition, BOP6 exhibited antifungal activity on planktonic and biofilm cultures of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida parapsisolis and reduced in vitro yeast cell adhesion to human keratinocytes at sub-inhibitory concentrations. BOP demonstrated significantly low toxicity in Galleria melonella larvae at antifungal doses. Lastly, a chemical analysis revealed the presence of caffeoyltartaric acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, and gibberellins A7, A9, and A20, which may be responsible for the biological properties observed. Thus, our data indicate that BOP is a promising source of anti-inflammatory and antifungal molecules that may be used as a functional food.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Alimento Funcional/análise , Própole/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antifúngicos/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Candida/fisiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mariposas/efeitos dos fármacos , Própole/químicaRESUMO
Candida species are opportunistic pathogens which can cause conditions ranging from simple mucocutaneous infections to fungemia and death in immunosuppressed and hospitalized patients. Candida albicans is considered to be the species mostly associated with fungal infections in humans and, therefore, the mostly studied yeast. This microorganism has survival and virulence factors which, allied to a decreased host immunity response, make infection more difficult to control. Today, the current limited antifungal arsenal and a dramatic increase in fungal resistance have driven the need for the synthesis of drugs with novel mechanisms of action. However, the development of a new drug from discovery to marketing takes a long time and is highly costly. The objective of this review is to show that with advances in biotechnology and biofinformatics, in silico tools such as molecular docking can optimize such a timeline and reduce costs, while contributing to the design and development of targeted drugs. Here we highlight the most promising protein targets in Candida albicans for the development of drugs with new mechanisms of action.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Simulação por Computador , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Proteômica , Terapia de Alvo MolecularRESUMO
We evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of bark from Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan, known as Angico, against Candida spp. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique through the Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicide Concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was tested in mature biofilms formed by Candida species and analyzed through the counting of CFU/mL and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). In vivo toxicity and therapeutic action was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model. The treatment with the extract, in low doses, was able to reduce the growth of planktonic cells of Candida species. MIC values range between 19.5 and 39 µg/mL and MFC values range between 79 and 625 µg/mL. In addition was able to reduce the number of CFU/mL in biofilms and to cause structural alteration and cellular destruction, observed via SEM. A. colubrina showed low toxicity in the in vivo assay, having not affected the viability of the larvae at doses below 100mg/kg and high potential in the treatment of C. albicans infection. Considering its high antifungal potential, its low toxicity and potential to treatment of infections in in vivo model, A. colubrina extract is a strong candidate for development of a new agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Fabaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Nistatina/farmacologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Abstract Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi green fruits essential oil (EO) was evaluated regarding its phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and toxicity. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was applied to identify its constituents, thereafter the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations, and its antibiofilm activity were evaluated. The EO cytotoxicity was assessed in tumor and non-tumor human cells, and in vivo toxicity was evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. The major constituents of S. terebinthifolia EO were alpha-phellandrene and beta-phellandrene. The EO had a weak activity against all strains of Candida albicans (MIC 1000µg/mL) and had no activity against non-albicans strains, bacteria, and C. albicans biofilm. Cytostatic activity against all tumor cell lines was shown. Additionally, cell viability remained at EO concentrations up to 62.5 µg/mL. At 16 mg/mL, 50% hemolysis was observed, and it had low toxicity in vivo. Overall, the S. terebinthifolia EO was characterized by low antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with no evidence of toxicity to human tumor and non-tumor cells
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/análise , Anacardiaceae/anatomia & histologia , Frutas/classificação , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos adversos , Toxicidade , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodosRESUMO
This study determined phytochemical composition, antifungal activity and toxicity in vitro and in vivo of Syzygium cumini leaves extract (Sc). Thus, was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and submitted to determination of Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) and Fungicidal concentrations (MFC) on reference and clinical strains of Candida spp. and by growth kinetics assays. Toxicity was verified using in vitro assays of hemolysis, osmotic fragility, oxidant and antioxidant activity in human erythrocytes and by in vivo acute systemic toxicity in Galleria mellonella larvae. Fourteen different compounds were identified in Sc, which showed antifungal activity (MIC between 31.25-125µg/mL) with fungistatic effect on Candida. At antifungal concentrations, it demonstrated low cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and neglible in vivotoxicity. Thus, Sc demonstrated a promising antifungal potential, with low toxicity, indicating that this extract can be a safe and effective alternative antifungal agent.
Este estudio determinó la composición fitoquímica, la actividad antifúngica y la toxicidad in vitro e in vivo del extracto de hojas de Syzygium cumini (Sc). Así, se caracterizó mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas y se sometió a determinación de Concentraciones Mínimas Inhibitorias (CMI) y Fungicidas (MFC) sobre cepas de referencia y clínicas de Candida spp. y mediante ensayos de cinética de crecimiento. La toxicidad se verificó mediante ensayos in vitro de hemólisis, fragilidad osmótica, actividad oxidante y antioxidante en eritrocitos humanos y por toxicidad sistémica aguda in vivo en larvas de Galleria mellonella. Se identificaron catorce compuestos diferentes en Sc, que mostraron actividad antifúngica (CMI entre 31.25-125 µg/mL) con efecto fungistático sobre Candida. En concentraciones antifúngicas, demostró baja citotoxicidad, actividad antioxidante y toxicidad in vivo insignificante. Por lo tanto, Sc demostró un potencial antifúngico prometedor, con baja toxicidad, lo que indica que este extracto puede ser un agente antifúngico alternativo seguro y eficaz.
Assuntos
Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Syzygium/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Testes de Toxicidade , Folhas de Planta/química , Compostos Fenólicos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Antifúngicos/toxicidade , AntioxidantesRESUMO
Introdução: Erosão dentária é a perda irreversível de tecido dentário, sem envolvimento bacteriano, cujo aumento de prevalência, nos últimos anos, tem sido alarmante. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de erosão dentária, bem como fatores associados, em escolares de 06 a 13 anos, na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Material e método: A seleção das escolas foi realizada por amostragem casual simples sem reposição. Após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, e do Termo de Assentimento, os exames foram realizados por um examinador previamente calibrado, com a criança sentada em uma cadeira escolar, em frente ao examinador, sob luz natural. Para a determinação da presença e do grau de erosão dentária, foi utilizado o índice de BEWE. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS para Windows, versão 18.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, EUA) e adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: A prevalência de erosão dentária na população avaliada foi de 78,2%. Não foi possível associar a presença das lesões com os fatores socioeconômicos e dietéticos. Apenas a variável Aplicação Tópica de Flúor (ATF) apresentou relação estatisticamente significativa (p=0,012). Conclusão: A alta prevalência de erosão dentária na população avaliada demonstra a necessidade da implementação de medidas assistenciais e preventivas, em curto e longo prazo.
Introduction: Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of dental tissue, without bacterial involvement, whose increased prevalence in recent years has been alarming. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental erosion, as well as associated factors, in school children from 06 to 13 years of age, in the city of Campina Grande, PB. Material and method: Selection of schools was performed by simple random sampling without replacement. After signing the Informed Consent Term and Assent Term, the examinations were performed by a previously calibrated examiner, with the child sitting in a school chair in front of the examiner in natural light. To determine the presence and degree of dental erosion, the BEWE index was used. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, version 18.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and a significance level of 5% was used. Result: The prevalence of dental erosion in the evaluated population was 78.2%. It was not possible to associate the presence of lesions with socioeconomic and dietary factors. Only the variable Topical Application of Fluoride (TFA) presented a statistically significant relation (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The high prevalence of dental erosion in the evaluated population demonstrates the need to implement preventive and preventive measures in the short and long term.