Dispersal and memory of sand flies in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Brazil.

The dispersal of and the existence of memory in sand flies were measured in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil. Sand flies were caught in a rural area, with Shannon trap installed in the forest and three Falcão traps installed in a human-inhabited environment (HIE) and three others in an impacted environment presently uninhabited by humans (EUH), from 1800 to 0600 hours. The captured sand flies were marked with yellow, blue, or red fluorescent powder, according to the environments where they were captured. All marked sand flies were released at 0700 hours at a point between the three environments. The recaptures were made with 28 Falcão traps, distributed in the environments from for 10 consecutive days. The sand flies recaptured were examined under a stereomicroscope and later identified. It was concluded that sand flies are able to disperse over an average distance of 73 m, reaching 130 m in 24 h, showing that: 1) the sand flies were attracted with different intensities to each environment, and the ability to move among different environments allows the existence of enzootic cycle of Leishmania; 2) the sand flies possess a spatial memory, olfactory memory, or both, that enable them to return to the environment where they were captured initially, although the distances were different.

Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women from the 18th Health Region of Paraná State.

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women in a public health service. Methods A study of 496 pregnant women at 35-37 gestational weeks was conducted from September 2011 to March 2014 in 21 municipalities of the 18th Health Region of Paraná State. Vaginal and anorectal samples of each woman were plated on sheep blood agar, and in HPTH and Todd-Hewitt enrichment broths. Results Of the 496 pregnant women, 141 (28.4%) were positive for GBS based on the combination of the three culture media with vaginal and anorectal samples. The prevalence was 23.7% for vaginal samples and 21.9% for anorectal ones. Among the variables analyzed in this study, only urinary infection was a significant factor (0.026) associated with GBS colonization in women. Conclusions Based on these results, health units should performs universal screening of pregnant women and hospitals should provide adequate prophylaxis, when indicated.

Phlebotomine sandflies in rural locations in the State of Parana, southern Brazil.

This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State.

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em gestantes adolescentes / Prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant adolescents

Objective: to verify depressive symptoms in pregnant adolescents in the basic health unit. Methods:Fifty-five adolescents were interviewed. For collecting data, two instruments were used: one toobtain social and demographic data, obstetric data, familiar relations and violence events, and aquestionnaire to assess depressive symptoms - Beck's Depression Inventory. Results: 10.9% of theinterviewees had a previous history of depression or anxiety, and 3.6% had one of these problems atthe time of the interview. Of all adolescents, 63.6% reported having undergone some stressful eventin the last year; 49.1% showed depressive symptoms, varying from mild, moderate and serious.Conclusions: it is essential to identifying early depressive symptoms in pregnant women, so thatthey are directed to specialized service, or detect the presence of a mental health team in a healthcenter, in order to assist depressed pregnant women, by providing qualified and humanized care andproper treatment.

Objetivo: verificar sintomas depressivos em gestantes adolescentes em unidade básica de saúde.Métodos: Cinquenta e cinco adolescentes grávidas foram entrevistadas na unidade de saúde. Para acoleta de dados, foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um para dados sociais, demográficos,obstétricos, relações familiares e eventos de violência, e outro para avaliar os sintomas depressivos -Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Resultados: 10,9% das entrevistadas tinham história prévia dedepressão ou ansiedade e 3,6% apresentavam um desses problemas no momento da entrevista. 63,6%das adolescentes relataram ter sofrido algum evento estressante no último ano. 49,1% dasadolescentes grávidas apresentam sintomas depressivos variando entre leve, moderado e grave.Conclusões: é essencial identificar os primeiros sintomas depressivos em gestantes, para que elassejam encaminhadas ao serviço especializado, ou detectar a presença de uma equipe de saúde mentalem um centro de saúde, para prestar um tratamento adequado e um cuidado de qualidade ehumanizado.

Objetivo: verificar los síntomas depresivos en adolescentes embarazadas en la unidad básica desalud. Métodos: Cincuenta y cinco adolescentes embarazadas fueron entrevistados en la unidad desalud. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: uno para datos obstétricas, relaciones familiares, sociales ydemográficos eventos de violencia y otro para evaluar los síntomas depresivos - Inventario deDepresión de Beck. Resultados: 10,9% de los encuestados tenía una historia previa de depresión oansiedade. 3,6% tenía uno de estos problemas en el momento de la entrevista. 63,6% de losadolescentes reportó haber experimentado algún evento estresante del año pasado. 49,1% de lasembarazadas tienen síntomas depresivos que van desde leve, moderada y grave. Conclusiones: esesencial para identificar los primeros síntomas depresivos en embarazadas, por lo que se les envía aun servicio especializado, o la presencia de un equipo de salud mental en un centro de salud, paraproporcionar un tratamiento adecuado.

Phlebotomine saddflies in rural locations in the state of parana, southern Brazil / Flebotomineos em localidades rurais do Estado do Parana, Sul do Brasil

SUMMARY This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State. .

RESUMO Relatam-se, neste trabalho, a fauna e frequência de flebotomíneos em abrigos de animais domésticos, residências e outros ecótopos em áreas rurais do município de Bandeirantes, Estado do Paraná. Os flebotomíneos foram coletados em oito bairros rurais, com armadilhas de Falcão, duas vezes em cada bairro, das 20 às 6 horas, em 2008. No conjunto dos bairros coletaram-se 4.790 flebotomíneos, representados por dez espécies, com predomínio de Nyssomyia neivai e Nyssomyia whitmani. Os abrigos dos animais domésticos são os ecótopos onde há maior frequência desses insetos. As localidades onde as coletas foram realizadas têm características ambientais que permitem a persistência da transmissão de parasitos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Apesar da fauna e do comportamento das espécies de flebotomíneos serem semelhantes nas diversas localidades, o método de controle desses insetos deve ser ajustado às características ambientais de cada uma das mais diversas áreas endêmicas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, nos municípios do Paraná. .