Age estimation using London Atlas methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Age estimation is a fundamental competence of Forensic Anthropologists and Odontologists. The London Atlas is a dental development chart by AlQahtani et al. (2010) that gained recent notoriety due to its applicability in forensic scenarios. This study aimed to answer, by a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis, the following question: "on average, what is the deviation between real and estimated ages, when applying the London Atlas method in sub-adults?". This study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Five electronic databases were screened (PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS), and active search was carried out. The quality assessment was performed by means of Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews. The initial search resulted in 1021 studies, from which 24 filled the inclusion criteria. For the meta-analysis, 17 studies provided sufficient data. Out of these, eleven studies enabled meta-analysis of mean absolute difference values. Standardized mean differences were 0.02 years for MD and 0.78 for MAD. Analysis of subgroups was also accomplished by sex, and did not indicated heterogeneity between males and females. The London Atlas is an accurate age estimation method, presenting acceptable error and bias values worldwide. Despite the high heterogeneity of the studies, majority of studies presented a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed a non-significant and slight tendency of overestimating age, in total. Sub-group analysis showed modestly better results for boys than girls.

Dental age estimation by cementum incremental lines counting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The estimation of dental age by cementum incremental lines (CIL) is a widely investigated method; however, its reliability remains uncertain. The aim of this article was to assess whether CIL are a reliable biological indicator for estimating dental age. A search was performed in Embase, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using a combination of terms related to the topic. Two independent reviewers used inclusion and exclusion criteria so that relevant articles were selected and evaluated. For the risk of bias analysis, a checklist from The Joanna Briggs Institute was applied. For the meta-analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient between chronological age and estimated age was considered as an effect measure. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q statistical test (p < 0.05), and the publication bias using the asymmetry of the Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test (p < 0.05). Most selected articles had low risk of bias. Although not all studies were included in the meta-analysis, it demonstrated the presence of high heterogeneity among them. Despite this, the synthesized result indicated that the age estimated by CIL count has a high correlation with chronological age. Furthermore, the graphical analysis suggested the absence of publication bias, which was confirmed by the Egger's linear regression test. Therefore, there is scientific evidence that CIL are reliable in estimating dental age, but the method requires a standardized protocol to be followed, as well as the rigorous choice of the root area to be analyzed.

Age estimation of Brazilian individuals using the London Atlas.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate, for the first time, the applicability of the London Atlas method for age estimation on a sample of Brazilian population. DESIGN: The study consisted of archived dental panoramic radiographs (n = 288) of individuals aged between 5 and 23 years. Radiographs were assessed using the London Atlas method to determine the developmental and eruption stages of all teeth on each sides of each jaw separately, and also to make an age estimation. RESULTS: There was no significant differences between the right and left sides of the jaws (p = 0.31 for males and p = 0.65 for females). An overestimation of age occurred more likely in the female sample when compared to the male sample. Three age groups, 20.5, 18.5 and 19.5 years, presented the highest values ​​of mean absolute difference found in the whole sample. CONCLUSION: The London Atlas of age estimation performed well in general and good viability in an expert context, with most age groups showing age differences lower than two years of age, however it is necessary that it be applied with caution in certain age groups, especially when the third molar is used as a decision tooth for age estimation. Therefore, it is recommended to use more than one method for assessing the age in those age groups.

Forensic study of mechanical properties of dental fillings after immersion in marine environment.

Human identification and postmortem intervals can be difficult to estimate when corpses are found in drowning situations, and forensic odontologists can bring valuable input to forensic science investigations of this type. Studies that simulate real scenarios are crucial for providing parameters that can be used in real cases. The present study created the necessary circumstances, i.e. immersion in a marine environment, to estimate the changes in the mechanical properties (Knoop microhardness, roughness, and color) of various dental fillings (silver amalgam, composite resin, and glass ionomer cement) over different immersion periods of time (one and three months). The silver amalgam fillings showed a significant increase in surface roughness. The composite resin fillings showed statistically significant increases in surface roughness and Knoop microhardness, and the glass ionomer cement showed a significant increase in surface roughness. These results lead to the conclusion that teeth restored with silver amalgam, composite resin, and glass ionomer cement, when subjected to immersion in marine environments, produce different changes in surface roughness, Knoop microhardness, and color properties depending on the length of immersion time. These findings could help in the field of forensic science to accurately estimate immersion time of dead bodies found in marine environments.

Harmonização orofacial: evolução normativa e conflitos legais no reconhecimento da especialidade / Orofacial harmonization: normative evolution and legal conflicts for the recognition of the specialty

A Harmonização Orofacial (HOF) é especialidade odontológica reconhecida pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) e, no reconhecimento dessa especialidade, discussões internas e externas à classe odontológica surgiram. O presente artigo tem como objetivo levantar reflexões acerca do processo judicial n° 1003948-83.2019.4.01.3400 julgado pelo Tribunal Regional Federal (Seção Judiciária do Distrito Federal - 8ª Vara Federal) referente a HOF enquanto especialidade odontológica. Inicialmente, são discutidos os documentos que norteiam o ensino dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em odontologia. Em seguida, faz-se uma reflexão sobre o processo de reconhecimento da HOF como especialidade odontológica. Por fim, discute-se acerca do citado processo judicial, os principais pontos elencados pelas partes envolvidas no processo e eventuais consequências do desfecho desse processo para a classe odontológica. O reconhecimento da HOF enquanto especialidade odontológica não seguiu os trâmites que outras especialidades odontológicas seguiram e gerou debates educacionais e formativos sob uma perspectiva ética e legal. Ademais, tal reconhecimento fomentou debates relacionados ao conflito dos procedimentos dessa especialidade odontológica com procedimentos de especialidades médicas. Tais conflitos chegaram ao Poder Judiciário, que interveio em favor da Odontologia, contudo, isso não impede que o cirurgião-dentista seja responsabilizado profissionalmente pela realização de procedimentos que fogem ao escopo da odontologia

Orofacial Harmonization (HOF) is dental specialty recognized by the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) and, in recognition of this specialty, internal and external discussions of the dental class have arisen. This article aims to raise reflections on judicial process number 1003948-83.2019.4.01.3400 judged by the Federal Regional Court (Judicial Section of the Federal District - 8th Federal Court) referring to HOF as a dental specialty. Initially, the documents that guide the teaching of undergraduate and graduate courses in dentistry are discussed. Then, a reflection is made on the recognition process of HOF as a dental specialty. Finally, it discusses the judicial process number 1003948-83.2019.4.01.3400, the main points listed by the parties involved in the process, and the possible consequences of the outcome of this process for the dental class. The recognition of HOF as a dental specialty did not follow the procedures that other dental specialties followed and generated educational and training debates from an ethical and legal perspective. Furthermore, such recognition has fostered debates related to the conflict between procedures in this dental specialty and procedures in medical specialties. Such conflicts reached the Judiciary, which intervened in favor of Dentistry, however, this does not prevent the dental surgeon from being held professionally responsible for carrying out procedures that fall outside the scope of dentistry

Stability Analysis of Bitemarks in Different Conditions of Time and Temperature and Its Reliability as Evidence in Criminal Investigations.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of bite marks in foods in different conditions of time and temperature and their reliability as evidenced in criminal investigations. Sampling came from 20 subjects, who were instructed to bite five pieces of cheese and five pieces of chocolate. Bites were produced by the anterior teeth, from canine to canine, and the volunteers had their dental arches molded to obtain plaster models that were used for later comparison. The samples produced by each participant were stored and analyzed according to the temperature (room and refrigerator) and time period (immediately after, three days, seven days). The linear model with mixed effects using R Core Team and SAS Statistical Software were used for the statistical analysis. The results of this study reveal that the storage temperature of these materials does not exert a significant influence. Both chocolate and cheese showed better results when measurements were made shortly after, however the chocolate showed to be more stable in longer periods of time. By means of this study, it was possible to demonstrate that the storage temperature does not exert a significant influence. However, the bite marks found in foods with greater dimensional stability and short time intervals, are more reliable and allow their use as evidence in criminal investigations. Still, due to the limitations presented, we recommend its use for the exclusion of possible suspects and not for the suspects identification.

Análise dos processos de responsabilidade civil envolvendo o cirurgião-dentista no estado do Piauí, Brasil / Analysis of the lawsuits involving professional liability in Dentistry, in Piauí state, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar e analisar os processos de responsabilidade civil envolvendo cirurgiões-dentistas do estado do Piauí, entre os anos de 2015 a 2019, a fim de verificar o número de processos instaurados e suas características. Foram encontrados (n=11) processos referentes a pessoas físicas, sendo a especialidade mais incidente a Implantodontia. Em 63% dos dados, os requeridos não possuíam especialidade registrada no Conselho Federal de Odontologia na área envolvida no litígio. Os valores indenizatórios solicitados variaram de R$ 15.000,00 a R$ 101.985,00. Não houve acionamento de seguro de responsabilidade civil nos processos encontrados. A maioria dos processos foi instaurada nos últimos dois anos da realização da pesquisa e encontravam-se em trâmite, não permitindo a obtenção das sentenças. Conclui-se que houve um aumento do número de processos instaurados no último ano verificado, acompanhando uma realidade crescente e observada em todo o país

The objective of this study was to analyze the civil liability lawsuits against dentists in the Piauí State, Brazil, from 2015 to 2019, to verify whether there was a significant increase in their number in recent years, and to investigate their main features. Eleven lawsuits were found, and the most incident dental specialty was Implantology. In 63% of the lawsuits, the dentists had not registered their specialist title on the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry, in the area involved in the litigation. Restitution amounts ranged from R$ 15,000.00 to R$ 101,985.00. There was no triggering of civil liability insurances in any of the processes found. Most of the lawsuits initiated in the last two years and are still in progress, thus their judicial sentences were not obtainable. We concluded that there was an increase in the number of cases in the last year analyzed, in agreement with the reality observed throughout the country.

Histórico e panorama das mulheres na perícia oficial criminal (odontolegista) no Brasil / History and overview of women as forensic odontologists in the Brazilian criminal system

Forensic Dentistry is a dental specialty, historically marked by many "fathers", but few information about women in this context. The female insertion in the labor market still suffers from historical barriers, and the objective of this research was to identify the participation of the first women as Forensic Odontologists in the Brazilian Criminal Expert Services, and carry out an overview of the current number of professionals in this position and its proportion between the sexes. Data were collected on the first Forensic Odontologist in each state and the currently active professionals through the records from the Scientific Polices, Civil Polices, and Brazilian Transparency Databases for descriptive statistics. The first women as Forensic Odontologists in Brazil were from the states of Paraíba, Maranhão, and Pará (1981, 1982, and 1985, respectively). According to the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry, 59.69% of Specialists in Forensic Dentistry are women and in the states where data collection was possible, 57.89% of Official Forensic Odontologists are women. Despite being the majority, it is still necessary to standardize the nomenclature and create new official positions to strengthen the Forensic Odontologist profession, and encourage greater female participation. It is concluded that in 1981 there was the first Forensic Odontologist female in Brazil in the state of Paraíba and that today there is a better balance in the proportion of men and women in this position

A Odontologia Legal é uma especialidade marcada historicamente por muitas figuras "paternas", mas pouco é abordado sobre a participação das mulheres nesse contexto. A inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho ainda sofre barreiras históricas, sendo o objetivo deste trabalho a identificação da participação das primeiras mulheres na Perícia Oficial no Brasil, especificamente na condição de Peritas Odontolegistas, e realizar um panorama da quantidade atual de profissionais no cargo e sua proporção entre os sexos. Foram coletados dados sobre as primeiras mulheres a ocupar o cargo de Perita Oficial Odontolegista de cada estado e as Peritas Odontolegistas ativas atualmente por meio dos registros das Polícias Científicas, Polícias Civis e dados do Portal da Transparência para tabulação e estatística descritiva. Das respostas recebidas, as primeiras Peritas Odontolegistas Oficiais do Brasil foram dos estados da Paraíba, Maranhão e Pará, nos anos de 1981, 1982 e 1985, respectivamente. No cenário atual, de acordo com o Conselho Federal de Odontologia, 59,69% dos Especialistas em Odontologia Legal são mulheres e, nos estados onde foi possível a coleta dos dados, 57,89% dos Peritos Oficiais Odontolegistas são mulheres. Apesar de maioria na Odontologia Legal, ainda é necessário padronizar a nomenclatura e criar novos cargos oficiais no Brasil para fortalecer a profissão de Perito Odontolegista, incentivando uma maior participação feminina. Conclui-se que em 1981 tivemos a primeira Perita Oficial Odontolegista do Brasil, sendo tal fato no estado da Paraíba, e que hoje há um maior equilíbrio na proporção de homens e mulheres nesse cargo

Atestado odontológico falso e seu real enquadramento no Código Penal brasileiro / False certificate in Dentistry and its real framework in the Brazilian Penal Code

O atestado odontológico compreende um tipo de documento emitido pelo profissional que expressa a veracidade de um fato relacionado ao paciente constatado durante a prática clínica. O objetivo deste artigo foi apontar e analisar o tipo de crime que incorre o cirurgião-dentista que emite atestado falso. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal com abordagem descritiva realizada por meio do levantamento das provas de concursos públicos realizados no Brasil para o cargo de Perito Odontolegista ou nomenclatura correspondente. Foram considerados os concursos realizados nas unidades federativas do Brasil sem distinção quanto ao ano, sendo que a coleta das informações se deu nos meses de janeiro a abril de 2023. Conclui-se que, apesar de ocorrerem discrepâncias de interpretação muito pontuais na literatura odontológica quanto ao condizer entre os Artigos 299 e 302 do Código Penal Brasileiro, não há possibilidade legal de o cirurgião-dentista ser sujeito ativo do crime de falsidade de atestado médico, por ser crime próprio do profissional médico

The dental certificate comprises a kind of document issued by the professional that expresses the veracity of a fact related to the patient verified during clinical practice. The aim of this article was to point out and analyze the type of crime incurred by dentists who issue false certificates. This is a cross-sectional research with a descriptive approach carried out through the survey of public tenders held in Brazil for the position of Forensic Odontologist or corresponding nomenclature. It was considered the contests held in the Brazilian Federative Units without distinction to the year, and the information collection was performed from January to April 2023. It can be concluded that, although there are few interpretation discrepancies in the dental literature regarding articles 299 and 302 of the Brazilian Penal Code, there is no legal possibility for the dentist to be an active subject of the crime of falsity of medical certificate, as it is a crime specific to the professional medical doctor

Quando um remanescente de guta-percha é decisivo na identificação humana: relato de caso pericial / When gutta-percha residual is decisive in human identification: case report

A Odontologia Legal é a especialidade responsável por esclarecer demandas administrativas ou judiciais provenientes de diferentes esferas. Na esfera criminal, o processo de identificação humana engloba um conjunto de procedimentos que visam individualizar uma pessoa e, em diversas situações, a Odontologia Legal se destaca como um importante método de identificação humana. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar um relato de caso em que a presença de um remanescente de guta-percha foi decisiva no processo de identificação humana. Após exame necroscópico em um cadáver e com a entrega do prontuário odontológico, foi realizada a comparação das informações recebidas do suspeito com aquelas coletadas no exame post mortem. Por meio dessa comparação, verificou-se que havia pontos coincidentes que permitiram que a identificação positiva da vítima fosse estabelecida, especialmente a presença, tanto no exame ante mortem quanto no post mortem, de um remanescente de guta-percha envolto por tecido cicatricial ósseo na região do dente 21. Os materiais dentários utilizados em procedimentos odontológicos, tais como o remanescente de guta-percha neste relato de caso pericial, são extremamente valiosos no processo de identificação humana

Forensic Dentistry is the specialty responsible for clarifying administrative or judicial demands from different spheres. In the criminal sphere, the human identification process encompasses a set of procedures that aim to individualize a person and, in several situations, and Forensic Dentistry stands out as an important method in human identification. The objective was to present a case report in which the presence of a gutta-percha remnant was important in the human identification process. After necroscopic examination and delivery of the dental records, the information received from the suspect was compared with that collected in the post mortem examination. Through this comparison, it was verified that there were coincident points that allowed the positive identification of the victim, especially the presence, both in the ante-mortem and in the post-mortem examination, of a gutta-percha remnant surrounded by bone scar tissue in the tooth region 21. Materials used in dental procedures, such as the gutta-percha remnant in this forensic case report, are extremely valuable in the human identification process

Interpersonal violence in a city of Paraná: a study about the epidemiological profile of victims and characterization of dental trauma / Violência interpessoal em cidade paranaense: um estudo do perfil epidemiológico das vítimas e caracterização dos traumas dentais

The socioeconomic context and population vulnerability are directly associated with violence in the country. In Brazil, the Criminal Code provides the illicit act and punishes the aggressor who offends the physical aggression from a person. Interpersonal violence is an illegal act and is associated with the vulnerability of victims. Therefore, the study of the epidemiological profile of victims of interpersonal violence is needed to alert the population about their susceptibility. The present study aimed to design the epidemiological profile of victims of bodily injury from interpersonal violence in the region of Maringá, in the state of Paraná, and to study the characterization of dental injuries in terms of permanent weakness and deformity. Four thousand nine hundred sixty-two reports performed between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collected included: sex, age, marital status, the region affected by the bodily injury, type of dental trauma, and responses to "weakness" or/and "permanent deformity". During the period studied, there was a prevalence of female victims (57.8%), white skin color (80.2%), aged between 21 and 30 years (24.9%), single (54.9%), and the most affected region was the upper limbs (32.1%). Regarding bodily injuries with dental involvement, 67 cases were reported, male victims were prevalent (60.3%), and dental fracture was highlighted with 54.4% of examined injuries.The implementation of the Forensic Dentistry Centre took place in August 2019 at the Medico-Legal Institute of Maringá. Also, with the interruption of expert activities in 2020 - due to the COVID-19 pandemic ­ relevant outcomes regarding permanent weakness were observed. The epidemiological profile of victims is characterized by the female sex, white skin color, the age group from 21 to 30 years old, and singles. Regarding dental trauma, male victims, and dental fractures were prevalent. Furthermore, there was an increase in the classification of "permanent weakness", as well as a slight increase in cases of "further assessment required" for permanent deformity (AU).

O contexto socioeconômico e a vulnerabilidade da população estão diretamente associados à violência no país. No Brasil, o Código Penal (CP) prevê o ato ilícito e pune o agressor que atentar contra a integridade física de outrem. A violência interpessoal constitui um ato ilícito e está associada à vulnerabilidade das vítimas. Sendo assim, o estudo do perfil epidemiológico de vítimas de violência interpessoal se faz necessário para alertar a população quanto à suscetibilidade dessas. O presente estudo objetivou traçar o perfil epidemiológico de vítimas de lesão corporal por violência interpessoal na região de Maringá, no estado do Paraná, e estudar a caracterização das lesões dentais quanto à debilidade e deformidade permanente. Foram analisados 4.962 laudos pertencentes aos anos de 2018 a 2020 por estatística descritiva. Dados coletados incluíram: sexo, idade, estado civil, região afetada pela lesão corporal, tipo de trauma dental e respostas para "debilidade" ou/e "deformidade permanente". Durante o período estudado, houve prevalência de vítimas do sexo feminino (57,8%), cor de pele branca (80,2%), com idade entre 21 e 30 anos (24,9%), solteiros (54,9%), e a região mais afetada foi a dos membros superiores (32,1%). Em relação às lesões corporais com envolvimento dental, 67 casos foram relatados. Vítimas do sexo masculino foram prevalentes (60,3%) e a fratura do elemento obteve destaque com 54,4% das lesões periciadas. A implementação do Núcleo de Odontologia Legal ocorreu em agosto de 2019 e, ainda com a interrupção das atividades periciais no ano de 2020 ­ devido à pandemia da COVID-19 ­ resultados quanto à debilidade permanente foram evidentes. O perfil epidemiológico das vítimas é caracterizado pelo sexo feminino, cor de pele branca, faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos e solteiros. Quanto aos traumas dentais, vítimas do sexo masculino e fraturas dentais foram prevalentes. Além disso, houve um aumento na classificação de "debilidade permanente", bem como um leve aumento nos casos de "necessidade de avaliação complementar" para deformidade permanente (AU).

Ear shut and Dentistry: ethical and legal approach / Ear shut e Odontologia: abordagem ética e legal

Introduction: As a health science, dentistry seeks to raise self-esteem and improve patients' quality of life. However, the emergence of the aesthetic procedure "ear shut," which proposes correcting protruding ears without surgery, has raised ethical and legal doubts in the dental profession, especially concerning the limits of professional activity. Objective: To conduct a survey of the laws, norms, and resolutions on the area of performance of dental surgeons, as well as to discuss the limits and consequences of their extrapolation from the perspective of the procedure propagated as "ear shut." Method: A search was carried out for administrative norms on the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) websites and the Federal Council of Medicine and legal provisions on the Portal da Legislação website. Results: In the civil sphere, the disclosure of procedures such as the "ear shut" can characterize a promise of result and lead to judicial accountability. Exceeding professional boundaries constitutes an illegal exercise and a crime under the Brazilian Penal Code. In addition to not covering the area of clinical practice of dentists, at the administrative level, CFO Resolutions No. 198/2019 and No. 230/2020 emphasize that ear procedures are not part of the scope of procedures relevant to Dentistry and may lead to ethical infractions and consequent administrative proceedings. Conclusion: At present, based on the skills, prohibitions, rights, and duties of dentists, it can be stated that performing the "ear shut" by these professionals confronts civil, criminal, and administrative obligations.

Introdução: Como ciência da saúde, a Odontologia busca elevar a autoestima e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Entretanto, o surgimento do procedimento estético "ear shut", que propõe a correção da orelha em abano sem cirurgia, gerou dúvidas de ordem ética e legal na classe odontológica, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos limites de atuação profissional. Objetivo: Realizar o levantamento das leis, normativas e resoluções sobre a área de atuação dos cirurgiões-dentistas, bem como discutir os limites e as consequências de sua extrapolação sob a perspectiva do procedimento propagado como "ear shut". Método: Foi realizada uma busca de normas administrativas nos sites do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) e do Conselho Federal de Medicina, bem como de dispositivos legais no site Portal da Legislação. Resultados: Em âmbito cível, a divulgação de procedimentos como o "ear shut" pode caracterizar promessa de resultado e levar à responsabilização judicial. Ultrapassar os limites profissionais constitui exercício ilícito e constitui crime segundo o Código Penal Brasileiro. Além de não abranger a área de atuação clínica dos cirurgiões-dentistas, no âmbito administrativo, as Resoluções do CFO N° 198/2019 e N° 230/2020 enfatizam que procedimentos na orelha não compõem o escopo de procedimentos pertinentes à Odontologia, podendo levar a infrações éticas e consequente processo administrativo. Conclusão: No momento atual, com base nas competências, vedações, direitos e deveres dos cirurgiões-dentistas, pode-se afirmar que a realização do "ear shut" por estes profissionais confronta obrigações de ordem cível, penal e administrativa.

Age estimation of Russian individuals by teeth using the London Atlas / Análise da estimativa de idade em indivíduos russos utilizando a metodologia London Atlas

Knowing an individual's age is necessary for several situations, both in the living and the deceased. The London Atlas uses dental development and eruption to estimate age. Testing the method in different populations is necessary to assess its performance. This study aimed to assess the performance of the London Atlas method in a Russian sample using panoramic radiographs. A sample of 703 panoramic radiographs of Russian individuals (n = 405 females, 57.61% and n = 298 males, 42.39%) with ages between 8 and 23 years were analyzed. The results showed overestimation in individuals from 8 to 14 years and underestimation from 15 to 23 years. The mean difference between estimated and chronological ages did not exceed 0.7 years among individuals with ages below 19 years. The difference increased to over three years in individuals from 20 to 23 years. Statistically significant differences were found between females and males between 17 and 18 years (p<0.05). The London Atlas is suitable for Russian children and adolescents aged between 8 and 19 years; however, it showed unsatisfactory results for application in individuals over 20 years (AU).

Conhecer a idade de um indivíduo, vivo ou morto, é essencial em diversas situações. O método London Atlas utiliza desenvolvimento e erupção dentais para estimar a idade. Testar o método em diferentes populações é importante para avaliar sua performance. Esse estudo objetivou analisar o desempenho do London Atlas em uma amostra de origem russa, utilizando radiografias panorâmicas. Uma amostra de 703 indivíduos russos (n = 405 mulheres, 57,61% e n = 298 homens, 42,39%), com idades entre 8 e 23 anos foram analisadas. Resultados obtidos mostram uma superestimação em indivíduos de 8 a 14 anos e subestimação nos grupos de 15 a 23 anos. A diferença média entre idades estimadas e reais não excederam o valor de 0,7 anos nos indivíduos com idade abaixo de 19 anos. Essa diferença aumentou em até três anos em indivíduos de 20 a 23 anos. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas entre homens e mulheres com 17 e 18 anos (p<0,05). O London Atlas é adequado para crianças e adolescentes de origem russa, com idades de 8 a 19 anos. No entanto, observou-se resultados insatisfatórios para sua aplicação em indivíduos acima de 20 anos (AU).

Complicações em procedimentos de harmonização orofacial: uma revisão sistemática / Complications in orofacial harmonization procedures: a systematic review

Atualmente, as alterações estéticas faciais e a insatisfação com a autoimagem são influências que motivam a busca por procedimentos estéticos rápidos, não cirúrgicos e menos invasivos. Por esse motivo, a procura de pacientes que procuram por procedimentos estéticos orofaciais é crescente. O objetivo deste estudo foi elencar as complicações decorrentes dos procedimentos de harmonização orofacial por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, identificando quais tipos de complicações e áreas são mais acometidas. As seguintes bases de dados foram pesquisadas: Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs e Web of Science, de março a setembro de 2020, selecionando os estudos que apresentavam os seguintes critérios de inclusão: estudos originais em humanos sobre complicações após procedimentos de harmonização orofacial. Foram selecionados 33 estudos da literatura que apresentavam relatos de complicações em pacientes após o procedimento de harmonização orofacial na testa, nariz, olhos, região periocular e lábios. Mesmo a execução de procedimentos estéticos faciais menos invasivos pode acarretar possíveis complicações imediatas ou tardias após o procedimento, principalmente na região periocular e nos olhos. É importante alertar previamente os profissionais para essa possibilidade.

Currently, facial aesthetic changes and dissatisfaction with self-image are influences that motivate the search for quick, non-surgical and less invasive cosmetic procedures. For this reason, the demand for patients looking for orofacial aesthetic procedures is increasing. The objective of this study was List the complications resulting from orofacial harmonization procedures through a systematic literature review, identifying which types of complications and areas are most affected. The following databases were searched: Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Scopus, Cochrane, Lilacs and Web of Science, from March to September 2020, selecting the studies that presented the following inclusion criteria: original studies in humans, about complications after orofacial harmonization procedures. Thirty-three studies from the literature were selected that presented reports of complications in patients after the orofacial harmonization procedure in the forehead, nose, eyes, periocular region and lips. Even the execution of less invasive facial cosmetic procedures can cause possible immediate or late complications after the procedure, especially in the periocular region and eyes. It is important to make professionals aware of this possibility beforehand.

A forensic identification case and DPid - can it be a useful tool?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to show DPid as an important tool of potential application to solve cases with dental prosthesis, such as the forensic case reported, in which a skull, denture and dental records were received for analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human identification is still challenging in various circumstances and Dental Prosthetics Identification (DPid) stores the patient's name and prosthesis information and provides access through an embedded code in dental prosthesis or an identification card. All of this information is digitally stored on servers accessible only by dentists, laboratory technicians and patients with their own level of secure access. DPid provides a complete single-source list of all dental prosthesis features (materials and components) under complete and secure documentation used for clinical follow-up and for human identification. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: If DPid tool was present in this forensic case, it could have been solved without requirement of DNA exam, which confirmed the dental comparison of antemortem and postmortem records, and concluded the case as a positive identification.

Conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia do estado do Amazonas a respeito do Código de Ética Odontológica / Knowledge of dentistry students in the state of Amazonas regarding the Code of Ethics in Dentistry

O conhecimento do Código de Ética Odontológica pelos acadêmicos é relevante na sua formação, pois os conflitos éticos na prática profissional são recorrentes e tem sido observado um aumento nas denúncias relacionadas a infrações éticas nos Conselhos Regionais de Odontologia. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre o Código de Ética Odontológica por alunos do último ano de Odontologia do Estado do Amazonas. A pesquisa foi realizada em Manaus, por meio de um questionário contendo quinze situações a serem analisadas a luz do Código de Ética Odontológica. Participaram quatro diferentes cursos de graduação, totalizando 257 alunos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A questão com maior quantidade de erros, 56%, foi em relação à publicidade e propaganda. E a questão com maior quantidade de acertos, 97%, foi referente à emissão de atestado falso. Pode-se concluir que os alunos possuem conhecimento sobre o Código de Ética Odontológica, com uma média de 73% de acertos

The knowledge of the Code of Ethics in Dentistry by undergraduate students is necessary since ethical issues in dental practice routinely happen. There has been an increase in complaints about ethical infractions in the Regional Councils of Dentistry. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge about the Code of Ethics in Dentistry by students in Amazonas State. The research was conducted in Manaus with a questionnaire with 15 questions, about situations implicating the Code of Ethics. A total of 4 schools and 257 students answered the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The question that got the worst result was concerning marketing and publicity (56% incorrect answers). And the issue about false medical certificates obtained 97% of correct answers. In general, it can be concluded that the students have acceptable knowledge about the Code of Ethics, evidencing an average of 73% of correct answers

Teleodontologia e Resolução CFO-226/2020: aspectos éticos e legais frente à pandemia de COVID-19 / Teledentistry and Resolution CFO-226/2020: ethical and legal aspects facing the COVID-19 pandemic

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) decretou, em março de 2020, o estado de pandemia decorrente do novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2). Nesse cenário, a teleodontologia se destacou como mecanismo de promoção da assistência odontológica durante o período mais crítico da pandemia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, os aspectos éticos e legais pertinentes ao uso da teleodontologia no Brasil. A teleodontologia já era utilizada no Brasil antes da pandemia de COVID-19, porém não era regulamentada pelo Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). Em 4 de junho de 2020 foi promulgada a Resolução CFO-226/2020, regulamentando o exercício da teleodontologia no país. A Resolução apresenta impasses e discussões quanto aos meios de assistência e suas vedações referentes a atuação dos profissionais. Conclui-se que a Resolução CFO-226/2020 reafirmou princípios éticos e legais quanto a prática odontológica descrita nas principais normas da classe e que, apesar das vedações apresentadas, a mesma se configura como um guia específico para realização das atividades laborais odontológicas referentes à teleodontologia

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the state of pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this scenario, teledentistry stood out as a mechanism for promoting dental care during the most critical period of the pandemic. This study aims to present, through a literature review, the ethical and legal aspects relevant to its use in Brazil. Teledentistry was already available in Brazil before the COVID-19 pandemic, but the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) did not regulate it. On June 4th, 2020, the Resolution CFO-226/2020 was drafted, which regulated the exercise of teledentistry in the Brazilian territory. The resolution presents impasses and discussions regarding the means of assistance and its prohibitions referring the performance of professionals. It is concluded that the resolution CFO-226/2020 reaffirmed ethical and legal principles respected by the dental practice described in the main norms of the class. Moreover, despite the prohibitions presented in Resolution CFO-226/2020, it is configured as a specific guide for carrying out dental work activities related to teledentistry

Guidelines for reproducing geometrical aspects of intra-oral radiographs images on cone-beam computed tomography.

Human identification requires comparison of individual traits of a person, depending on the availability and reproduction of antemortem (AM) records. If there is no presumed identity or AM exams are not available for comparison, the production of postmortem (PM) records is impaired. The purpose of this research is to describe and test standards to enable the comparison of antemortem periapical radiographs to images extracted from the manipulation of postmortem CBCT exams in multiple identification simulations in a randomized blind study. In a simulation, 20 CBCT images from dry skulls were used as PM records and 3 periapical radiographs (total of 60) that were randomized and blinded from the first examiner. In each case, an intentional incidence error of 10° was added in four different directions. Three points were selected in the AM radiograph, and the angle, linear measurements and proportion between these distances were collected. The AM data were used to mathematically find similar image geometry on a CBCT maximum intensity projection. Possible identification by superimposition was achieved in all cases, and statistical analysis proved the success in the reproduction of angular and length proportion using CBCT incidence manipulation. Significant reproducibility was also observed on intra- and inter-observer tests. In conclusion, the images extracted from CBCT could be compared to any periapical radiographs by superimposition, providing acceptable evidence to establish human identification. The application of this protocol is suitable for forensic practices with the high level of reproducibility and could be used as PM record when no AM records are available at the time of the exam.

Dental mapractice litigance in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil

The relationship between patients and dentists today is more worn and less based on trust, which can lead to high rates of lawsuits related to civil liability and dental malpractice. Aim: verify if there has been an increase in the number of lawsuits related to questioned dental treatments, and against dentists registered in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, from 2012 to 2017. Methods: We outlined an overview based on the list from the São Paulo Council of Dentistry containing 30,238 registered dentists in the city of São Paulo, and searched for lawsuits on the public base of the São Paulo State Court's. Results: The search, after the inclusion and exclusion criteria, found 247 lawsuits, with dental implants as the most involved specialty. The total indemnities requested ranged from R$ 227.42 to R$ 937,000.00, but no indemnity granted exceeded the amount of R$ 100,000.00. Conclusion: According to the analysis of cases, there is a progressive increase in the number of civil liability lawsuits against dentists involving dental malpractice litigance

Sexual dimorphism applying the mandibular canine index in a Brazilian sample: a pilot study

This research study aimed at applying the morphometric quantification of the canine index for sexual dimorphism in a Brazilian sample. This was an observational study and the convenience sample consisted of 90 adult participants (45 male subjects and 45 female subjects), aging from 18 to 35 years. With the aidof a digital caliper, the intraoral mesiodistal measurement of the permanent mandibular right canine (MD43) and the intercanine distance (IC) were taken by three examiners. The measurements were applied to the mandibular canine index formula to estimate sex based on the morphometric features of human canines. The applicability of this approach for sexual dimorphism was assessed based on the mandibular canine index (MCI) calculated by the formula. The MCI was higher in male than in female subjects. In the total sample, the MCI overall mean accuracy rate for sexual dimorphism was 52.22%. In male subjects, the MCI was able to properly differentiate sex in 82.22% of the sample, while in female subjects the accuracy rate decreased to 22.22%. These results call the attention to the careful use of MCI especially for Forensic Anthropology. In particular, the accuracy of the method was close to the random of a sample that contained both sexes. Thus, the MCI should not be used as the only tool for sexual dimorphism.