RESUMO
Sudden changes in horses' diet have been previously associated with gastrointestinal disease. This study evaluated the effects of a sudden change of diet composed exclusively of Coastcross hay (CHD) to a complete extruded diet (CED) on the fecal microbiome of horses. A completely randomized design with repeated measurements was used. The study started with eight adult horses randomly split into group A, fed with CHD, and group B, fed with CED. After 34 days of diet adaptation, the diets were abruptly changed between the groups. Fecal samples were collected at 0, 24, and 96 hours after the diet change, and the pH and microbiome analyses of the feces were subsequently evaluated. Changing from CHD to CED reduced the alpha diversity 24 hours after the alteration, with a decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes. Fecal pH decreased and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia increased 96 hours after changing the diets. The community structure was also different after 96 hours of diet change. In contrast, 24 hours after changing from CED to CHD reduced fecal pH and abundance of Synergistetes. After 96 hours, there was an increase in the alpha diversity, and the abundance of the phylum Lentisphaerae. Group B showed no changes in the community structure when its diet was changed. Concluding, diet composition influenced the response of the equine fecal microbiome to sudden dietary changes.
Assuntos
Microbiota , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Fezes , Firmicutes , Cavalos , VerrucomicrobiaRESUMO
A comparação da produção e composição do leite, do escore corporal e dos custos com a suplementação mineral comercial e seletiva foi feita utilizando-se dois grupos de 16 cabras lactantes por 164 dias. Não houve diferenças significativas na produção de leite dos animais que ingeriram os dois tipos de suplementos minerais. Não houve efeito do tipo de suplementação mineral em relação a composição do leite em gordura, proteína e lactose bem como na contagem de células somáticas (CCS). O consumo médio diário do suplemento comercial foi 1,76 vezes maior do que o suplemento contendo apenas cloreto de sódio associado ao sulfato de cobre. A utilização da mistura mineral seletiva, formulada com base no exame clínico-nutricional dos animais, gerou uma redução de aproximadamente 7 vezes o custo com a suplementação mineral do rebanho caprino.
Comparison of milk production and composition, body condition score and the cost of commercial or selective mineral supplementation was made using two groups of 16 lactating goats during 164 days. No significant difference in milk production between treatments was found. There was no effect of the type of mineral supplement on the composition of milk fat, protein and lactose as well as on the somatic cell count (SCC). The average of daily intake of the commercial supplement was 1.76 times greater than the supplement containing only sodium chloride associated with copper sulfate. The use of the selective mineral mixture based on clinical-nutritional examination of the animals led to a reduction of about 7 times the amount spent by mineral supplementation of this goat herd.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ração Animal , Cabras/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Leite/química , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Indústria Agropecuária , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade tamponante (CT), o pH e a consistência das fezes em equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido. Seis equinos adultos foram submetidos à sobrecarga com infusão gástrica de 17,6g de amido kg-1 de peso corporal através de sonda nasogástrica. Amostras fecais foram coletadas, antes e quatro, oito, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 e 36 horas pós-sobrecarga, e imediatamente submetidas à avaliação do pH, da CT e da consistência. Os resultados de pH foram comparados pelo teste t de student (P<0,05). Já os resultados da CT e consistência fecal foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P<0,05) e submetidos à análise de regressão e correlação de Spearman em função do tempo após a sobrecarga. Houve redução (P>0,05) no pH fecal ao longo de 36 horas pós-sobrecarga, com valores médios variando de 6,09 a 4,46. A partir do modelo pH = 6,083 - 0,003t - 0,001t² (R² = 0,634), houve decréscimo de 0,004 no pH fecal a cada hora, de 0,028 a cada quatro horas e de 1,404 ao final de 36 horas após a sobrecarga, respectivamente. Além do pH, houve redução (P<0,05) na CT das fezes, em função do tempo após a sobrecarga. Observou-se correlação positiva (r=0,65; P<0,0001) entre o pH e a CT das fezes. Todos os equinos apresentaram fezes de consistência normal (escore 3) até a oitava hora após a sobrecarga. Posteriormente, esses animais apresentaram redução na consistência fecal (P<0,05) até 36 horas. Os resultados demonstram que a sobrecarga dietética com amido promove redução na consistência fecal, na capacidade tampão e consequentemente no pH das fezes em equinos.
This study aimed to evaluate buffer capacity (BC), pH and faeces consistency of horses submitted to dietetic starch overload. Six crossbreed mature horses were submitted to starch overload with gastric infusion of 17.6g starch kg-1 body weight through nasogastric tube. Faecal samples were collected, before and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 hours post-overload, and immediately submitted to evaluation of pH, BC and consistency. The pH data were compared by t student test (P<0.05). The BC and fecal consistency were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05) and submitted to regression analysis and Spearman correlation in function of the time after overload. There was faecal pH decreased along 36 hours post-overload (P>0.05), with means values varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Based on the model pH = 6.083 - 0.003t - 0.001t² (R² = 0.634), faecal pH decreased 0.004 per hour, 0.028 to each four hours and 1.404 at 36 hours after overload, respectively. As pH, faeces BC decreased (P<0.05) in function of the time after overload. Positive relationship was observed (r = 0.65; P<0.0001) between pH and BC of faeces. All horses presented normal consistency faeces (score 3) until eight hours after overload, following by reduction (P<0.05) up to 36 hours. Results demonstrated that starch overload reduce faecal consistency, buffer capacity and pH in horses faeces.
RESUMO
O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o balanço hídrico e de nitrogênio em eqüinos. Foram utilizadosquatro eqüinos mestiços, com a idade de 30 meses e pesando em média 200±2,2kg. Os eqüinos foram alimentados comquatro dietas: Dieta I - feno de tifton-85; Dieta II feno de tifton-85 e feno de alfafa; Dieta III feno de tifton-85, feno de alfafa eração concentrada; e Dieta IV feno de tifton-85 e ração concentrada. Nos eqüinos alimentados com a dieta composta por fenode tifton-85 e feno de alfafa, ocorreu maior excreção de água nas fezes. Entretanto, os valores do balanço hídrico foramsemelhantes indicando que a manipulação da dieta pode alterar a via de excreção de água sem afetar o balanço hídrico dosanimais. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) nas quantidades de compostos nitrogenados absorvidos e retidos,indicando o ajuste no consumo da proteína dietética entre as diferentes dietas.
The present paper was carried out to evaluate water and nitrogen balance in horses. Four crossbreed horses with 30 monthsage and weight of 200±2.2kg were used. Horses were fed with four diets: Diet I tifton-85 hay; Diet II tifton-85 hay and alfafahay; Diet III tifton-85 hay, alfafa hay and concentrate; Diet IV tifton-85 hay and concentrate. Horses fed diets with tifton-85 hayand alfafa hay presented high water excretion in feces but water balance were similar indicating that diet manipulation can alterwater excretion way without water balance of animals. Nitrogen compounds absorbed and retained were similar (P>0.05)among horses indicating that protein in the diets were adjusted.