Correlation between the Structure and Catalytic Activity of [Cp*Rh(Substituted Bipyridine)] Complexes for NADH Regeneration.

A series of water-soluble half-sandwich [Cp*RhIII(N^N)Cl]+ (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene, N^N-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine) complexes containing electron-donating substituents around the 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand were synthesized and fully characterized for the regioselective reduction of nicotinamide coenzyme (NAD+). The influence of the positional effect of the substituents on the structural, electrochemical, and catalytic properties of the catalyst was systematically studied in detail. The catalytic efficiency of the substituted bipyridine Cp*RhIII complexes are inversely correlated with their redox potentials. The 5,5'-substituted bipyridine Cp*RhIII complex, which had the lowest reduction potential, most effectively regenerated NADH with a turnover frequency of 1100 h-1. Detailed kinetic studies on the generation of intermediate(s) provide valuable mechanistic insight into this catalytic cycle and help to direct the future design strategy of corresponding catalysts.

Copolymerization of Epichlorohydrin and CO2 Using Zinc Glutarate: An Additional Application of ZnGA in Polycarbonate Synthesis.

The use of zinc glutarate (ZnGA) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the copolymerization of epichlorohydrin, an epoxide with an electron-withdrawing substituent, and CO2 is reported. This catalyst shows the highest selectivity (98%) for polycarbonate over the cyclic carbonate in epichlorohydrin/CO2 copolymerization under mild conditions. The (epichlorohydrin-co-CO2 ) polymer exhibits a high glass transition temperature (Tg ), 44 °C, which is the maximum Tg value obtained for the (epichlorohydrin-co-CO2 ) polymer to date.

Chlorido(dimethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate-κ2N,N')(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) chloride 1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione disolvate.

The title complex, [Rh(C10H15)Cl(C14H12N2O4)]Cl·2C4H5NO3, has been synthesized by a substitution reaction of the precursor [bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate]chlorido(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) chloride with NaOCH3. The Rh(III) cation is located in an RhC5N2Cl eight-coordinated environment. In the crystal, 1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione (NHS) solvent molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with the Cl(-) counter-anions in the lattice and weak hydrogen bonds with the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) ligands. Hydrogen bonding between the Cp* ligands, the NHS solvent molecules and the Cl(-) counter-anions form links in a V-shaped chain of Rh(III) complex cations along the c axis. Weak hydrogen bonds between the dimethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate ligands and the Cl(-) counter-anions connect the components into a supramolecular three-dimensional network. The synthetic route to the dimethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate-containing rhodium complex from the [bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate]rhodium(III) precursor may be applied to link Rh catalysts to the surface of electrodes.

Bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN(2))bis-(3,3'',5,5''-tetra-methyl-[1,1':3',1''-terphen-yl]-2'-carboxyl-ato-κO)iron(II) dichloro-methane monosolvate.

In the title compound, [Fe(C(23)H(21)O(2))(2)(C(5)H(8)N(2))(2)]·CH(2)Cl(2), the Fe(2+) cation is coordinated by the N atoms of two 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazole ligands and the carboxyl-ate O atoms from two tetra-methyl-terphenyl-carboxyl-ate ligands, forming an FeN(2)O(2) polyhedron with a slightly distorted tetra-hedral coordination geometry. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions stabilize the mol-ecular conformation. The dihedral angles formed by the central benzene ring with the outer benzene rings of the terphenyl groups are 47.92 (8), 59.38 (8), 48.24 (8) and 52.37 (8)°. The dichloro-methane solvent mol-ecule inter-acts with the complex mol-ecule via a C-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related complex mol-ecules are linked into dimers through pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Mono- and dinuclear CuII complexes of the benzyldipicolylamine (BDPA) ligand: crystal structure, synthesis and characterization.

The crystal structures of mono- and dinuclear CuII trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) complexes with benzyldipicolylamine (BDPA) are described. From equimolar amounts of Cu(triflate)2 and BDPA, a water-bound CuII mononuclear complex, aqua(benzyldipicolylamine-κ3N,N',N'')bis(trifluoromethanesulfonato-κO)copper(II) tetrahydrofuran monosolvate, [Cu(CF3SO3)2(C19H19N3)(H2O)]·C4H8O, (I), and a triflate-bridged CuII dinuclear complex, bis(µ-trifluoromethanesulfonato-κ2O:O')bis[(benzyldipicolylamine-κ3N,N',N'')(trifluoromethanesulfonato-κO)copper(II)], [Cu2(CF3SO3)4(C19H19N3)2], were synthesized. The presence of residual moisture in the reaction medium afforded water-bound complex (I), whereas dinuclear complex (II) was synthesized from an anhydrous reaction medium. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis reveals that the CuII centres adopt slightly distorted octahedral geometries in both complexes. The metal-bound water molecule in (I) is involved in intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds with triflate ligands and tetrahydrofuran solvent molecules. In (II), weak intermolecular C-H...F(triflate) and C-H...O(triflate) hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal lattice. Complexes (I) and (II) were also characterized fully using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and elemental analysis.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Using a Model Carbonic Anhydrase Complex in Tertiary Amine Medium.

Globally, the elevation of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels due to the anthropogenic effect poses a serious threat to the ecosystem. Hence, it is important to control and/or mitigate the level of CO2 in the atmosphere, which necessitates novel tools. Herein, it is proposed to improve CO2 sequestration by using model complexes based on the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) in aqueous tertiary amine medium. The effect of substituents on the model CA model complexes on CO2 absorption and desorption was determined by using a stopped-flow spectrophotometer to follow pH changes through coupling to pH indicator and a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The CO2 hydration rate constants were determined under basic conditions and compound 6, which contained a hydrophilic group, showed the highest absorption or hydration levels of CO2 (2.860×10(3) L mol(-1) s(-1) ). In addition, CSTR results for the absorption and desorption of CO2 suggest that simple model CA complexes could be used in post-combustion processing.

Water is a key factor to alter the structure and electrochemical properties of carboxylate-bridged dimanganese(II) complexes.

The synthesis and physical properties of dimanganese(II) compounds with varying numbers of water ligands housed in the four bulky carboxylate motifs, including the first complex with a parallelogram core {Mn2(µ-OH2)2(µ-O2CR)}(3+) unit, are described. The isolation of these complexes revealed how water could alter the structural and electrochemical properties of similar carboxylate-bridged dimanganese(II) cores that may occur in a variety of active sites of Mn-containing metalloenzymes. These studies support the notion that water molecules in coordination spheres of active sites of metalloproteins are not a simple spectator medium but the modulation factor of structures and functions.