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1.
Monash Bioeth Rev ; 33(4): 379-95, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26690918

RESUMO

This article traces how embryo research has been theorized in Canada from the late 1980s to the current day. We find that research on human embryos has gradually come to be viewed in dichotomous terms, with scientific research pulled apart from experimentation to improve assisted reproduction procedures within fertility clinics. This distinction has been made manifest most clearly in the federal government's 2007 consent regulations. The distinction between 'improvement of assisted reproduction procedures' and 'research' is problematic on two accounts. First, interviews reveal that many Canadian IVF patients do not distinguish between the improvement of assisted reproduction and broader conceptions of 'research'. This suggests that patients may be consenting to participate in embryo experimentation even where they do not understand its purposes. Second, the dichotomy may allow researchers and clinicians to evade research protocols that might otherwise apply in Canadian law. This could permit fertility clinics to conduct what might in other contexts fall under the category of 'research' without prescribed oversight, and may even enable clinicians and researchers to engage in practices that policymakers deliberately sought to proscribe. We call for a re-evaluation of the legal distinctions on embryo experimentation built into Canadian law, and indeed built into broader discussions of embryo research.


Assuntos
Pesquisas com Embriões/ética , Ética em Pesquisa , Infertilidade/terapia , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/ética , Canadá , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Formulação de Políticas , Pesquisa com Células-Tronco/ética
2.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can ; 36(6): 510-2, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24927190

RESUMO

The Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act) came into effect in 2004. The AHR Act stipulates in s.12 that no reimbursement of expenditures incurred in the course of donating gametes, maintaining or transporting in vitro embryos, or providing surrogacy services is permitted, except in accordance with the regulations and with receipts. Ten years later, Health Canada still has not drafted the regulations governing reimbursement. Section 12 is therefore still not in force. Health Canada and others have asserted that there is a Health Canada policy on reimbursement and that reimbursement with receipts is legally permissible. We dispute the existence of such a policy and its legitimacy (if it exists). We also challenge the decision by Health Canada not to produce regulations and thereby make it possible for Parliament to bring s.12 into force. This intentional lack of action is worrisome on at least two fronts. First, it sidesteps the processes required for regulations and thereby ducks the Parliamentary oversight very deliberately built into the AHR Act. Second, it leaves Canadians who provide and who access assisted human reproduction uncertain about what is and is not permitted, and therefore fearful of, or at risk of, prosecution. We conclude that Health Canada should take the steps necessary to put regulations in front of Parliament so that Parliament will then be able to pass regulations and bring s.12 into force. Canadians should demand no less.


La Loi sur la procréation assistée (LPA) est entrée en vigueur en 2004. L'article 12 de la LPA stipule qu'il est interdit de rembourser les frais supportés par un donneur pour le don d'un ovule ou d'un spermatozoïde, par quiconque pour l'entretien ou le transport d'un embryon in vitro ou par une mère porteuse pour agir à ce titre, sauf en conformité avec les règlements (avec reçus). Dix ans plus tard, Santé Canada n'a toujours pas formulé de règlements régissant le remboursement. L'article 12 n'est donc toujours pas en vigueur. Santé Canada et d'autres intervenants ont soutenu qu'il existe une politique de Santé Canada sur le remboursement et que le remboursement sur présentation de reçus est permis au plan légal. Nous contestons l'existence d'une telle politique et sa légitimité (le cas échéant). Nous contestons également la décision de Santé Canada de ne pas formuler de règlements et d'empêcher ainsi l'entrée en vigueur de l'article 12. Cette inaction délibérée est troublante pour au moins deux raisons. Premièrement, elle contourne les processus requis pour ce qui est des règlements et se soustrait donc à la surveillance parlementaire qui a été intégrée à la LPA de façon très délibérée. Deuxièmement, elle expose les Canadiens qui offrent et qui utilisent des services de procréation assistée à de l'incertitude quant à ce qui est et à ce qui n'est pas permis, ce qui fait en sorte qu'ils ne savent donc pas s'ils s'exposent ou non à des poursuites. Nous en venons à la conclusion que Santé Canada devrait prendre les mesures nécessaires pour soumettre des règlements au Parlement, de façon à ce que ce dernier soit en mesure de les promulguer et d'assurer l'entrée en vigueur de l'article 12. Les Canadiens devraient l'exiger.


Assuntos
Formulação de Políticas , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/legislação & jurisprudência , Canadá , Humanos
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