[Geriatrics]. / Gériatrie.

Sleeping enough is associated with a reduced risk of mortality and dementia. New evidence support regular physical exercise, including at home, as a corner stone intervention to prevent falls and fractures. In contrast, supplementation with high doses of vitamin D is ineffective and even deleterious in this indication and a routine screening in asymptomatic adults is not recommended. Several studies illustrate our difficulties in prescribing and deprescribing in frail older patients and a study suggests that statins in cardiovascular primary prevention should considered only when a patient's life expectancy exceeds 2.5 years. Finally, several studies have fueled the debate about screening for hearing impairment.

Dormir ni trop ni trop peu est associé à une réduction du risque de mortalité et de déclin cognitif. De nouvelles études confirment que l'exercice physique régulier, y compris à domicile, constitue la clé de voûte de la prévention des chutes et des fractures. Par contre, la supplémentation par de hautes doses de vitamine D n'est pas efficace, voire délétère, dans cette indication et le dépistage systématique d'un déficit n'est pas recommandé chez les patients adultes asymptomatiques. Plusieurs études illustrent nos difficultés à prescrire et déprescrire, chez les patients âgés fragiles, et une étude suggère qu'un traitement de statines en prévention cardiovasculaire primaire ne se justifie que si l'espérance de vie du patient dépasse 2,5 ans. Finalement, plusieurs études sont venues nourrir le débat sur le dépistage de la presbyacousie.

Brain processing of visual information during fast eye movements maintains motor performance.

Movement accuracy depends crucially on the ability to detect errors while actions are being performed. When inaccuracies occur repeatedly, both an immediate motor correction and a progressive adaptation of the motor command can unfold. Of all the movements in the motor repertoire of humans, saccadic eye movements are the fastest. Due to the high speed of saccades, and to the impairment of visual perception during saccades, a phenomenon called "saccadic suppression", it is widely believed that the adaptive mechanisms maintaining saccadic performance depend critically on visual error signals acquired after saccade completion. Here, we demonstrate that, contrary to this widespread view, saccadic adaptation can be based entirely on visual information presented during saccades. Our results show that visual error signals introduced during saccade execution--by shifting a visual target at saccade onset and blanking it at saccade offset--induce the same level of adaptation as error signals, presented for the same duration, but after saccade completion. In addition, they reveal that this processing of intra-saccadic visual information for adaptation depends critically on visual information presented during the deceleration phase, but not the acceleration phase, of the saccade. These findings demonstrate that the human central nervous system can use short intra-saccadic glimpses of visual information for motor adaptation, and they call for a reappraisal of current models of saccadic adaptation.