A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation With Pelvic Floor Exercises in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation.

INTRODUCTION: The management of childhood constipation is challenging. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is one of the most common causes of childhood constipation. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) with pelvic floor exercises (PFE) has achieved a satisfactory outcome in the elderly individuals and women with PFD. The efficacy of PTNS with PFE in childhood constipation has not been established. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with 84 children who met the inclusion criteria was conducted. All participants were randomly assigned to PTNS with PFE or sham PTNS with PFE groups and received their individual intervention for 4 weeks with a 12-week follow-up evaluation. The spontaneous bowel movements (SBM) ≥3 per week were the main outcomes, and the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. High-resolution anorectal manometry and surface electromyography were used for the assessment of pelvic floor function, and the adverse effects were assessed based on symptoms. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period, 26 patients (61.9%) in the PTNS with PFE group and 15 patients (35.7%) in the sham group had ≥3 SBM per week compared with baseline (net difference 26.2%, 95% CI 5.6%-46.8%; RR 2.750, 95% CI 1.384-5.466; P < 0.05). PFD remission occurred in 49 children, 33 (78.6%) in the PTNS with PFE group and 16 (38.1%) in the sham group (RR 2.063, 95% CI 1.360-3.128, P < 0.05). No adverse effects occurred. DISCUSSION: PTNS with PFE is a safe and effective method in the treatment of childhood constipation, particularly in children with PFD or dyssynergic defecation.

Anatomical study of the left colic artery in laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: It is important for lymph node dissection around the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) with preservation of the left colic artery (LCA) to be aware of the track and the length of the LCA. We aimed to investigate the branching pattern and trajectory of LCA and measure the distances from the root of the IMA to the origin of the LCA (D mm) and from the origin of LCA to intersection of LCA and IMV (d mm) during laparoscopic left-sided colorectal operations. METHODS: We analyzed 106 patients who underwent laparoscope-assisted left-side colorectal surgery during laparoscopic surgery. The branching patterns among the IMA, LCA, and sigmoidal trunk were evaluated; the trajectory of LCA was examined; the D mm and d mm were measured using a length of silk in the surgical operation. RESULTS: In 59.5% patients, the LCA arose independently from the sigmoidal trunk (type A); in 8.5% patients, the LCA and sigmoidal trunk arose from the IMA at the same point (type B); in 29.2% patients, the LCA and sigmoidal trunk had a common trunk (type C); the LCA did not exist in 2.8% (type D).The D mm and d mm for all cases ranged from 15.0 to 65.3 mm (median, 43.1 mm) and from 20.3 to 46.2 mm (median, 34.8 mm), respectively. 74.8% of the LCA went straight upper left and upward to proximal part of descending colon (type I), 25.2% went to the lower left at first, then turned to travel straight upward to proximal part of descending colon (type II). CONCLUSION: This study showed the anatomic variations of LCA during laparoscopic left-sided colorectal operation, which would help surgeons safely perform laparoscopic surgery in the left-side colon and rectum.

Can serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and age serve as reliable predictors of relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis?

We are writing in response to the paper published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Zhou et al. The authors identified higher serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 levels and age over 55 years as independent risk factors for disease relapse. Despite notable strengths, it is crucial to address potential biases. Firstly, the cohort study included 189 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 (with higher IgG4 seropositivity and higher relapse) and 24 with type 2 (with lower IgG4 seropositivity and lower relapse). Consequently, most, if not all, AIP type 2 patients were assigned to the normal group, possibly inflating the association of higher serum IgG4 levels with relapse and potentially exaggerating the association of older age with relapse. Secondly, the authors did not provide sufficient details regarding AIP diagnosis, such as the ratio of definitive vs probable cases and the proportion of biopsies. In cases where histological evidence is unavailable or indeterminate, AIP type 2 may be misdiagnosed as definitive type 1, and type 1 may also be misdiagnosed as probable type 2, particularly in cases with normal or mildly elevated serum IgG4 levels. Lastly, in this retrospective study, approximately one-third of the consecutive patients initially collected were excluded for various reasons. Accordingly, the impact of non-random exclusion on relapse outcomes should be carefully considered. In conclusion, the paper by Zhou et al offers plausible, though not entirely compelling, evidence suggesting a predictive role of elevated serum IgG4 levels and advanced age in AIP relapse. The foundation for future investigations lies in ensuring a reliable diagnosis and accurate disease subtyping, heavily dependent on obtaining histological specimens. In this regard, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy emerges as a pivotal component of the diagnostic process, contributing to mitigating biases in future explorations of the disease.

International consensus on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer.

In recent years, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in the treatment of colorectal cancer has attracted widespread attention. The potential benefits of NOSES including reduction in postoperative pain and wound complications, less use of postoperative analgesic, faster recovery of bowel function, shorter length of hospital stay, better cosmetic and psychological effect have been described in colorectal surgery. Despite significant decrease in surgical trauma of NOSES have been observed, the potential pitfalls of this technique have been demonstrated. Particularly, several issues including bacteriological concerns, oncological outcomes and patient selection are raised with this new technique. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to reach a consensus as an industry guideline to standardize the implementation of NOSES in colorectal surgery. After three rounds of discussion by all members of the International Alliance of NOSES, the consensus is finally completed, which is also of great significance to the long-term progress of NOSES worldwide.

Clinicopathological significance of caspase-8 and caspase-10 expression in rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of caspase-8 and -10 in rectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma and the corresponding normal mucosa tissue, and to clarify the relationship between their expression and clinicopathological parameters of rectal cancer. METHODS: The expression of caspase-8 and -10 was determined by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 36 rectal adenomas, 93 rectal cancers and 93 corresponding normal rectal mucosa samples. RESULTS: Compared with normal mucosa, the mRNA expression of caspase-8 was higher in adenomas (p = 0.003), while that of caspase-10 was lower in adenomas (p = 0.035) and cancers (p = 0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed caspase-8 up-regulation in adenomas (p = 0.014), and caspase-10 down-regulation in adenomas (p = 0.034) and cancers (p < 0.001) compared with normal mucosa samples. Cancers with poor differentiation had lower caspase-10 mRNA and protein levels than those with better differentiation (p = 0.041 and p = 0.046, respectively). The protein expression of caspase-8 and -10 was in accordance with the mRNA expression (p = 0.043 and p = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-8 expression was up-regulated in rectal adenomas. Caspase-10 expression was down-regulated in both rectal adenomas and cancers, and was further related to differentiation. Caspase-8 and -10 may be involved in the pathogenesis of rectal cancer.

Extracellular heat-shock protein 70 aggravates cerulein-induced pancreatitis through toll-like receptor-4 in mice.

BACKGROUND: In patients suffering from acute pancreatitis, the pathogenesis is not completely understood, and several recent studies in vitro suggested that heat shock proteins might play an important role in cell signaling. To investigate the possible role of extracellular heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in pancreatitis, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-deficient and wild-type mice were administered with exogenous Hsp70 during the course of cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP). METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced by 5 intraperitoneal injections of cerulein at hourly intervals, and then treated with recombinant Hsp70 through the caudal vein 4 hours after the start of cerulein injections. Subsequently serum amylase and serum cytokines levels were detected. Histologic alteration of the pancreas was evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in both pancreas and lungs were analyzed. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation in pancreatic tissue was measured using a sensitive RelA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Treatment with recombinant Hsp70 to wild-type mice in CIP resulted in significant aggravation of inflammation in pancreas, elevated levels of serum cytokines, up-regulation of pulmonary MPO activity and increase of lung tissues TNF-alpha concentrations. In contrast, treatment with Hsp70 to TLR4-deficient mice had little effect on serum cytokines levels, pancreatic inflammation, pulmonary MPO activity and TNF-alpha concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that extracellular Hsp70 might induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-like response in vivo and TLR4 might be involved in the Hsp70-mediated activation of inflammatory reaction in the progression of CIP without infection.

Security and Radical Assessment in Open, Laparoscopic, Robotic Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of open, laparoscopic, robotic colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: Three hundred patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between February 2014 and May 2016 were included. Patients were classified into open surgery group, laparoscopic surgery group, and robot-assisted group. RESULTS: The blood loss in laparoscopic surgery group was less than that in open surgery group, and the blood loss in robot-assisted group less was than the open surgery group. The number of lymph node dissection in robot-assisted group was significantly larger than that in the open group ( P < .05). The distance between the lower edge of the tumor group and the distal margin in robotic group was longer than that of the laparoscopic surgery group and the open group ( P < .05). Three (2.8%) cases of urinary retention occurred in the open surgery group, 4 (3.92%) cases in the laparoscopic surgery group, and 1 (1.1%) case in the robot-assisted group, while 2 (1.87%) cases of sexual dysfunction occurred in the open surgery group, 2 (1.96%) cases in the laparoscopic surgery group, and 1 (1.1%) case in the robot-assisted group. The urinary retention and sexual dysfunction rate did not differ between the 3 groups ( P > .05), but the minimally invasive group showed a certain advantage over the open group. CONCLUSION: Compared to the traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgery (especially in robot-assisted group) has advantages such as less intraoperative bleeding, rapid postoperative recovery, and radical cure; open group, laparoscopic surgery group, and robot-assisted group have a similar incidence of postoperative complications, but reduction in the incidence of anastomotic leakage and intestinal obstruction. Robot-assisted group has the potential advantage for pelvic autonomic nerve protection.

Src is the primary target of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in its anti-tumor action.

Aripiprazole (ARP) is an atypical anti-psychotic drug widely used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The pharmacological effects of ARP on cancer cells are still poorly understood. In this study, anti-cancer effects of ARP on various malignant tumor cells and its molecular mechanism were further carefully examined by using cell proliferation assay, xenograft mouse model, immunoblotting analysis, migration assay, luciferase reporter gene assay, kinase assay, and overexpression strategy. Treatment with ARP induced cytotoxicity in U251 glioma cells, MKN-1 gastric adenosquamous carcinoma cells, and CT26 colon carcinoma cells. ARP suppressed cell proliferation of LN428, MDA-MB-231, and HEK293 cells. Pro-apoptotic factors active caspase-3, -8, and -9, as well as p53, were upregulated, whereas the protein and mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) decreased. In agreement with the in vitro results, ARP compound also significantly suppressed the growth of tumor masses formed by injecting CT26 colon cancer cells into mice. ARP treatment also effectively decreased the migratory ability of U251 glioma cells by downregulating metalloproteinase-9. Levels of phosphorylated Src, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were significantly decreased following ARP treatment. ARP compound reduced the kinase activity of Src. Our studies suggest that Src may be an important target molecule linked to the antitumor effects of ARP.

Association of E1AF mRNA expression with tumor progression and matrilysin in human rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To examine E1AF mRNA expression and to determine whether it is correlated with tumor progression and matrilysin in human rectal cancer. METHODS: Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine E1AF and matrilysin expression in 100 matched rectal cancers and normal tissues. RESULTS: Among the 100 rectal cancers, 69 cases of E1AF mRNA overexpression were observed. E1AF mRNA overexpression correlated well with matrilysin. In carcinomas, E1AF mRNA overexpression correlated significantly with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, venous involvement and advanced pTNM stage. CONCLUSIONS: E1AF was correlated significantly with tumor progression of human rectal cancer and may be an important factor in rectal cancer progression.

MiR-590-3p promotes proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Hippo pathway.

Studies reported that miR-590-3p was involved in human cancer progression. However, its roles of oncogene or anti-oncogene in malignancies still remain elusive. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of miR-590-3p on the cell proliferation and metastasis via Hippo pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). In our study, miR-590-3p was demonstrated highly expressed in CRC tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). In addition, miR-590-3p was positively associated with TNM stage and distant metastasis. Survival analysis showed that high miR-590-3p was related with poor overall survival rate. Then, over-expressed miR-590-3p was demonstrated to promote proliferation, invasion and migration of colon caner cells. What's more, MST1, LATS1 and SAV1 mRNA were showed lowly expressed and YAP1 expression in mRNA and protein levels were highly expressed in CRC tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues (all P<0.05). miR-590-3p expression was negatively associated with LATS1 and SAV1 mRNA respectively and positively related with YAP1 mRNA in CRC tissues, meanwhile, there was no relationship between miR-590-3p and MST1 mRNA. Furthermore, over-expressing miR-590-3p inhibited expressions of LATS1 and SAV1, promoted YAP1 expression and didn't effect MST1 expression in colon cancer cells. And luciferase assay showed that miR-590-3p over-expression inhibited the luciferase activity of LATS1 and SAV1 3'UTR, meanwhile it had no effect on the mutated form of these two plasmids. Taken together, these data suggest that highly-expressed miR-590-3p promotes biological effect of proliferation and metastasis via targeting Hippo pathway, and predicts worse clinical outcomes of CRC patients.

Long non-coding RNA LINC00959 predicts colorectal cancer patient prognosis and inhibits tumor progression.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study focused on the relationship between the lncRNA LINC00959 and colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that LINC00959 expression was lower in CRC tissues than normal colorectal mucosae. High LINC00959 expression was negatively associated with TNM stage, distant metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis, and correlated with a better prognosis in 87 CRC cases. In vitro, LINC00959 knockdown enhanced colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; upregulated N-cadherin and vimentin; and downregulated E-cadherin and Caspase-3. LINC00959 overexpression produced the opposite effects. These data suggest that LINC00959 inhibits tumor cell invasion and migration by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes apoptosis through Caspase-3. LINC00959 may be a tumor suppressor and useful prognostic biomarker in CRC.

Prognostic value of lymph node metastasis in patients with T1-stage colorectal cancer from multiple centers in China.

AIM: To explore the features and prognostic value of lymph node metastasis in patients with T1-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: In all, 321 cases of T1-stage CRC were selected from 10132 patients with CRC who received surgical therapy in six large-scale hospitals in China and were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for lymphatic metastasis. A survival analysis was then performed to analyze the prognostic value of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of T1 stage was 3.17% (321/10132); of these patients, the lymph node metastasis rate was 8.41% (27/321), and the non-lymph node metastasis rate was 91.59% (294/321). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative serum CEA, preoperative serum CA199, preoperative serum CA724, vascular invasion, and degree of differentiation were associated with lymph node metastasis in T1-stage CRC (P < 0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis indicated that preoperative serum CA724, vascular invasion, and degree of differentiation were closely related to lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05 for all). Log-rank survival analysis showed that age, preoperative serum CEA, preoperative serum CA199, vascular invasion, degree of differentiation, and lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 24.180, P < 0.001) were predictors of 5-year overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05 for all). COX regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative serum CA199 and lymph node metastasis (HR = 5.117; P < 0.05; 95%CI: 0.058-0.815) were independent prognostic indicators of 5-year OS in patients with T1-stage CRC (P < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSION: The morbidity of T1-stage CRC was 3.17% for all CRC cases. Preoperative serum CA724, vascular invasion, and degree of differentiation are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with T1-stage CRC.

A preliminary validation of the Brief COPE instrument for assessing coping strategies among people living with HIV in China.

BACKGROUND: The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations, including people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjected to thorough factor validation. METHODS: A total of 258 PLWH were recruited from two provinces of China. They answered questions involving the scales of three instruments: the Brief COPE, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Perceived Discrimination Scale for PLWH. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted. RESULTS: The CFA found a poor goodness of fit to the data. The subsequent EFA identified six preliminary factors, forming subscales with Cronbach's alphas, which ranged from 0.61 to 0.80. Significant correlation coefficients between the subscales and measures of perceived social support and perceived discrimination were reported, giving preliminary support to the validity of the new empirical factor structure. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the original factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument, when applied to PLWH in China, did not fit the data. Thus, the Brief COPE should be applied to various populations and cultures with caution. The new factor structure established by the EFA is only preliminary and requires further validation.

[Effects of FPIL6/IL2 on the differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid in the ML-IC assay].

OBJECTIVE: To develop an in vitro assay that allows the culture and identification of a single human bone marrow progenitor closely related to hematopoietic stem cell, which is more primitive than LTC-IC, and to find an efficient culture conditions for NK-IC expansion. METHODS: Fusion protein IL6/IL2 was reconstructed and expressed in E. coli DH5 alpha. ML-IC was determined by watching if the single cell can give rise to secondary progenitors with both LTC-IC and NK-IC characteristics. LTC-IC frequency was determined by the CFC clonogenic methylcellulose assay. NK-IC frequency was determined by phenotyping CD56 positive NK cells. The effect of FPIL6/IL2 on the expansion of NK-IC was examined by comparing the colony number of NK cells before and after the culture. RESULTS: After the initial 4-week expansion culture, we showed that (25.75 +/- 5.68)% of freshly sorted Lin-/34+/DRdim cells were able to generate functional NK-IC in one or more secondary FPIL6/IL2 cultures, whereas (6.81 +/- 1.97)% in the control. A total of 102 NK-IC cells were present when were cultured for 6-7 weeks in FPIL6/IL2 expansion medium, which was much higher than the 33 NK-IC cells in the control. CONCLUSION: ML-IC assay will prove useful to assess a very primitive hematopoietic cell with multilineage generative capacity. FPIL6/IL2 is capable of initiating and promoting NK-IC expansion greatly in ex vivo cultures in terms of net-conservation and net proliferation.

[Effects of anti-ABL tyrosine kinase intrabody on the growth of K562 cells in nude mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of anti-ABL tyrosine kinase intrabody on the growth of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells in nude mice. METHODS: A recombinant retroviral vector MSCV-ibE-IRES-eGFP was constructed to express intracellular single-chain antibody (intrabody) against ABL tyrosine kinase domain in CML cells. K562 cells were transduced with the retrovirus, eGFP+ cells were then selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The intrabody mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). BCR/ABL and c-ABL protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity in the cells was examined. Transduced cells and control group K562 cells were transplanted into nude mice respectively and the tumor sizes were dynamically observed. RESULTS: K562-ibE cell was obtained. Expression of the BCR/ABL and c-ABL protein tyrosine kinase activity of harvested K562-ibE cells were markedly inhibited. At 14, 21 and 28 days after cell injection, the tumor volumes of experimental mice were obviously smaller than that of control mice, about one half of the control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The growth of K562-ibE cells was significantly inhibited in vivo. It is possible that inhibition of the BCR/ABL protein tyrosine kinase activity by the intrabody blocked BCR/ABL signal transduction pathway, promoted apoptosis and reduced tumorigenicity of K562 cells in vivo.

Modification of chemokine receptor expression to enhance levels of trafficking receptors on autologous cytokine-induced killer cells derived from patients with colorectal cancer.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have achieved therapeutic benefit in treatment of solid tumors in clinic. However, some patients show no response after CIK treatment. Animal assays have shown that successful infiltration of CIK cells to the tumor sites could affect the outcome. Chemokines play important roles in lymphocyte trafficking. Understanding the molecular mechanism of chemokines in the process of CIK cell homing is important for further modification of CIK therapy. In this study, we investigated the spectrum of chemokine ligands in the colorectal cancer sites and observed that chemokine ligands CCL20 and CXCL10 were overexpressed in the CRC tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Although the corresponding receptors CCR6 and CXCR3 increased on CIK cells compared with PBMCs, their expression on CIK cells derived from CRC patients had lower levels than healthy donors, which might be a limited factor for autologous-CIK cells trafficking to tumor site. Importantly, stimulation with chemokines CCL20 and CXCL10 promotes the expression levels of CCR6 and CXCR3 on CIK cells, thus augmenting the relative migration of CIK cells in vitro. Our results suggest that modification of surface chemokine receptors may enhance the homing ability of CIK cells for better therapeutic achievements.

AIB1 as an independent prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection.

BACKGROUND: Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) has been shown to promote growth and invasion in several types of human cancers and to have a prognostic role in some of cancers. However, its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to address the issue. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of AIB1 was performed for HCC and paired paratumorous liver (PTL) tissues from 139 patients. Associations between AIB1 expression with clinicopathological variables and patient survival were evaluated. RESULTS: The expression rate of AIB1 was significantly higher in HCC (71/139, 51.1%) than in PTL tissues (1/139, 0.72%, P < 0.001). AIB1 expression in HCC was significantly associated with serum α-fetoprotein levels (P = 0.001) and Edmondson-Steiner grade (P = 0.038). Higher AIB1 expression in HCC was associated with shorter cumulative overall survival of the patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AIB1 was of independent prognostic significance for HCC. CONCLUSIONS: AIB1 is independently associated with poor prognosis of HCC.

[Expression and significance of aquaporin 4 in the colonic mucosa of patients with slow transit constipation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and slow transit constipation(STC). METHODS: The expression of AQP4 in the ascending colon mucosa of 45 patients with STC was detected by immunohistochemistry. The transit time of stool was measured with barium sulfate suspensions. Stool was classified using Bristol stool chart. The difference between the pre- and post-operation groups was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 45 STC patients, 36 had high AQP4 expression (high expression group) and 9 had low AQP4 expression(low expression group). Preoperatively 30(83.3%) patients in the high expression group and 3(3/9) patients in the low expression group presented dry and hard stool (type I( or II()(P<0.01). Postoperatively, stool pattern was improved in all the patients of high expression group. One patient in low expression group still presented dry and hard stool(P<0.01). Preoperatively the transit time was(127.3+/-28.2) h in high expression group and (64.2+/-12.9) h in low expression group(P<0.01). Postoperatively, the transit time was (17.3+/-7.0) h in high expression group and (28.0+/-12.6) h in low expression groups(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: High expression of AQP4 accelerates the water absorption in colon mucosa and may be one of the crucial events in the development of STC.

[Cyclin D2 expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between cyclin D2 and P210(BCR/ABL) tyrosine kinase in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). METHODS: RT-PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry were performed to detect the expression of cyclin D2 in K562 cells and in K562-ib-eGFP cells which express intracellular single-chain antibody (sFv, intrabody) against ABL tyrosine kinase domain. RESULTS: Cyclin D2 expression in K562-ib-eGFP cells was 18.90% which was lower than that of control K562 cells (48.10%), and the number of S-phase cells in K562-ib-eGFP was 40.40% which was much lower than that in K562 cells (64.34%). CONCLUSION: Cyclin D2 is a potential down-stream signal molecule of the p210(BCR/ABL) tyrosine kinase in CML. The altered expression of cyclin D2 may contribute to the over proliferation of CML cells.