[Intestinal microecology in human and veterinary medicine--a short excursion through the human and animal gut]. / Intestinale Mikroökologie in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin--Eine kurze Exkursion durch menschliches und tierisches Gedärm.

In honour to a great gut microbiologist the authors descend into the abdomen of humans and animals. By the way through the gut and excrements they illustrate the medical, culture-historical and literary importance of the gut and the gut flora.

Late-onset fracture-associated osteosarcoma in a cat.

An 18-year-old male, castrated Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with the complaint of acute severe lameness of the left pelvic limb. There was no history of trauma, apart from a distal physeal left femoral fracture that had been repaired 17 years previously. Radiology revealed a displaced distal metaphyseal femoral fracture with marked areas of bone lysis and periosteal proliferations. A pathological fracture due to a bone neoplasia was suspected. An amputation with coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Histopathology confirmed the tentative diagnosis of appendicular osteo-sarcoma. No postoperative complications were encountered and the cat made a full recovery. This case shows an unusual presentation of a late-onset fracture-associated feline osteosarcoma.

[Use of the reversed passive hemagglutination in detection of Clostridium botulinum type A, B, and E toxin (author's transl)]. / Der Nachweis der Botulinustoxine A, B und E mit Hilfe der passiven Hämagglutination.

With the reversed passive hemagglutination technique it is possible to detect minimal amounts of botulinum type A, B and E toxins (s. Tab. 3). The antisera are used were prepared by foot--pad injection of rabbits with purified toxoids in Freund's complete adjuvant (s. Tab. 1). Antitoxin globulin were prepared from rabbit antisera with (NH4)2SO4 to 50%. Formalinized and tanned human erythrozytes were sensitized with these specific antitoxin globulins. Only slight cross reactions ere encountered between the type A, B, and E antiglobulin sensitized cells and culture filtrates of C. butyricum, C. sporogenes (type A and B antiglobulin only) and C. perfringens type C (s. Tab. 4).

[Modifying the non-specific defense with bacteria, fungi and their metabolic products]. / Die Beeinflussung der nichterregerspezifischen Abwehr durch Bakterien, Pilze und ihre Stoffwechselprodukte.

In a literature survey frequently mentioned bacterial and mycological modulators of the non-specific immune system are discussed. The substances are listed in a table pointing out indications respectively state of development. Commonly used definitions concerning substances that take influence in the non-specific immune system are discussed.

[Extraction and concentration of Clostridium botulinum toxins from specimens (author's transl)]. / Extraktion und Anreicherung von Clostridium botulinum-Toxinen aus dem Untersuchungsmaterial

In order to detect minimal amounts of Clostridium botulinum toxins in animal tissue or food specimens it is necessary to use an extraction method which results in concentration of the botulinal toxins. In the present examinations, artificially contaminated canned beans were used to develop a suitable procedure for extraction and concentration of botulinal toxins A-E. The procedure consisted of 4 steps: 1. Canned beans were diluted 1:2 with 0.1 m phosphate buffer pH 6.0. 2. The diluted material was homogenised with an "Ultra-Turrax" homogeniser for 20 sec. 3. The monogenised material was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min. 4. 15 ml of supernatant was concentrated using a "Millipore ultrafiltration chamber" (with a membrane capable of excluding all material with a molecular weight above 25,000). A pressure of 1.5 atmospheres was applied until the terminal volume was 0.5 ml. Following extraction and concentration, the samples were assayed for botulinal toxin in mice. Using this assay the concentration of the five toxins were shown to be as follows: Type A toxin: 19.0-fold toxin concentration Type B toxin: 14.8-fold toxin concentration Type C toxin: 20.6-fold toxin concentration Type D toxin: 28.2-fold toxin concentration Type E toxin: 112.2-fold toxin concentration

[Existence of an anabolically acting principle in an extract of E. coli]. / Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen eines anabol wirksamen Prinzips in einem Extrakt aus E. coli.

Colibiogen, extracted from E. coli (in the following called coli extract) was examined for factors with anabolic efficiency, especially for anabolically efficient bases of nucleic acids and for peptides. The results obtained are the following: Tests for nucleotides, nucleosides and bases of nucleic acids by thin-layer chromatography technique turned out negative. To test anabolically efficient substances the so-called glutathione state test in the rat liver was used. In this test intraportal dosages of 200 micrograms coli extract and also 200 micrograms of the enzymatically decomposed muscle proteins (Pepton resp. Lab Lemco) gave rise to positive effects within 2 min. Contrary to peptides from the culture medium the efficiency of coli extract was considerably increased by previous tryptic fission (efficient concentration 6 micrograms). The quantities applied were related on microgram peptide. A coli extract preparation the phase of growth of which had been shortened to 12 h was separated into 4 fractions. The fourth fraction (lowest molecular weight) showed anabolic efficiency with 6 micrograms peptide in the state test. Before the denaturative extraction took place, the coli extract was separated by centrifugation in a third test series into coli extract bacteria mass and coli extract supernatant. Nothing but the supernatant showed anabolic properties. Two fractions, obtained by the separation of the bacteria mass, did not show any activity in the glutathione state test. It is discussed that E. coli-specific peptides with anabolic efficiency are candidates for the coli extract effects.

[The effective antibacterial spectrum of sulfacetamide]. / Zum antibakteriellen Wirkungsspektrum von Sulfacetamid.

Swabs of the anterior eye segment of 180 eyes (145 patients) taken in the time period between August 1, 1989 until August 30, 1989 were sent to an external, independent microbiological institute in order to verify in-vitro antibacterial properties of marketed sulfacetamide containing drugs. MIC test was performed with isolated pathogenic bacterial strains without knowledge of the underlying diagnosis. It was shown that sulfacetamide is able to inhibit the growth of all isolated strains. Depending on the type of bacteria concentrations of 0.006 up to 6.4% sodium sulfacetamide proved to be effective. Simultaneously, all patients were treated with sulfacetamide containing ointment and/or eye drops 4 times daily for maximum of 14 days. With swabs taken at intervals of 7 and 14 days no bacterial growth was detected.