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This scoping review investigates the relationship between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and cataract surgery. We synthesized existing research to clarify SFCT changes following surgery and identify contributing factors. Our aim was to enhance understanding of the ocular changes associated with cataract surgery. A comprehensive database search identified studies on SFCT changes after uncomplicated cataract surgery, categorized as "SFCT changes after cataract surgery," "Factors influencing SFCT," "Macular thickness changes," and "Long-term changes." Quantitative data and findings were extracted from a total of 13 research articles. Studies on SFCT changes after cataract surgery provided valuable insights for the subject under review. Factors influencing SFCT changes included age, axial length, and cataract surgery. Macular thickness increased at various time points. Long-term SFCT changes varied among studies. The present research provides valuable insights into SFCT changes after cataract surgery. Factors including age, axial length, and cataract surgery consistently influence SFCT. The clinical relevance of macular thickness changes remains uncertain, and the influence of age, ocular pathologies, and patient populations is highlighted. Long-term changes in SFCT vary, suggesting a need for further research. Standardized measurement techniques and larger cohort studies are recommended to enhance comparability and generalizability. This review enhances understanding of ocular changes associated with cataract surgery and informs future research.
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Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the impact of uncomplicated phacoemulsification on macular choroidal thickness (CT) within the first three postoperative months and to investigate its relationship with postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) in both glaucomatous and healthy subjects, utilizing swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods The non-randomized prospective study involved 82 patients, selected via convenience sampling from the First Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Athens, "G. Gennimatas" Hospital, Athens, Greece, between May 2018 and May 2022, undergoing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The inclusion criteria encompassed patients aged 50 years or above, with or without glaucoma. Patients with ocular pathologies that could influence macula or CT measurements were excluded. Data collection focused on retinal and CT variables of the macular area, measured using SS-OCT. Baseline measurements were established preoperatively, with follow-up assessments at one week, one month, and three months postoperatively to monitor CT and macular edema onset. Results A total of 82 eyes from 82 patients with a mean age of 79.1±8.3 years were included. The study population was divided into a glaucoma group (n=28 eyes) and a control group (n=54 eyes). Our findings indicate a consistently significant increase in macular CT measurements one month after cataract surgery, observed in both glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes. In the first postoperative week, statistically significant changes in CT were observed only in patients with CME. Subsequently, at one-month interval, both patient groups, those with and without CME, exhibited statistically significant changes in CT across all macular sectors. CME was detected in 10 out of 28 eyes in the glaucoma group and in 16 out of 54 eyes in the control group. When evaluating the impact of postoperative CME on groups of glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes, it was observed that glaucomatous eyes exhibited a significantly larger magnitude of change in subfoveal CT (SFCT) (p=0.03) at one month (relative to baseline) compared to non-glaucomatous eyes. There was also a 31% increase in the odds of developing CME for glaucoma patients; this result was not statistically significant (odds ratio {OR}, 1.31; 95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.50-3.47; p=0.57). Conclusions During the early postoperative period, the study revealed a significant increase in CT at one month after phacoemulsification in both glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes. When CME was present, a significantly more pronounced magnitude of change in SFCT was observed at one month in glaucomatous eyes, as opposed to non-glaucomatous eyes. This observation suggests a possible selective susceptibility of glaucomatous eyes in the early postoperative period that requires further research.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells showcasing a remarkable capacity of self-replenishing and differentiating into mature cells. Their ability to proliferate connotes that a designated stem cell source is capable of generating an unrestricted number of mature cells. The ever-increasing comprehension of position, activity, and function of ocular stem cells has led to rapid progress and incessant improvement of possible procedures and therapies. A narrative review was conducted to summarize the current evidence on clinical trials and respective literature, regarding current evolution in the field of ocular regenerative medicine. We tried to ascertain the safety of experimental and clinical procedures, their effectiveness, and the ethical repercussion of their use.
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Background In this study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of optic nerve head (ONH), macular, and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements of wide-field maps (12 × 9 mm) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) compared to measurements of the ONH and RNFL parameters measured by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT3). Methodology This case-control study included 39 eyes of 39 glaucoma patients and 36 eyes of 36 normal subjects (control group). All participants underwent standard automated perimetry (SAP) as well as structural measurements by SS-OCT (DRI-OCT, Triton; Topcon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and HRT3 (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The abilities of the continuous parameters to discriminate between glaucoma and control groups were assessed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). To assess the glaucoma diagnostic abilities of each of the categorical variables, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were tested. Results The highest sensitivities were achieved by the DRI-OCT categorical parameters of Superpixel-200 map and cpRNFL (12 sectors) thickness analysis. The best performing HRT3 continuous parameter was rim volume (AUC = 0.829, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.735-0.922), and the best continuous parameter for DRI-OCT wide-field was vertical cdr (AUC = 0.883, 95% CI = 0.805-0.951), followed by total cpRNFL thickness (AUC = 0.862, 95% CI = 0.774-0.951). AUCs for disc area, rim area, linear cdr, and RNFL thickness were not significantly different between the two technologies. Using either the most or the least specific criteria, SuperPixel-200 map always showed the highest sensitivity among the categorical parameters of both technologies (82.1% and 89.7%, respectively). The highest sensitivity among HRT3 classification parameters was shown by MRA and GPS classification algorithms. Conclusions Both wide-field DRI-OCT maps and HRT3 showed good diagnostic performance in discriminating glaucoma. Although DRI-OCT thickness values and normative diagnostic classification showed the best performance, more studies are required to determine the clinical role of wide-field DRI-OCT scan in glaucoma diagnosis.
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To assess effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) in corneal alkali injuries in an experimental animal model. Twenty white New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. The animal models were randomly divided into 2 groups. Rabbits in the AMSC group (n = 10) received an intrastromal, a subconjunctival injection, and topical instillation of 0.5 ml totally of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 2 × 106 AMSCs. In the control group (n = 10), rabbits received only 0.5 ml of PBS using the same methods. A masked investigator measured the corneal sensation, anterior chamber Inflammation (ACI), and conjunctival congestion. Additionally, a blind histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was made. In the AMSC group, the central corneal sensation was increased whereas ACI and conjunctival congestion were reduced compared to the control group in the 28 days of follow-up (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted between the two groups as recorded in the above parameters. Histological analysis showed that pathological vascularization was markedly reduced in the AMSC group which was consistent with the absence of factor VIII in the immunohistochemistry sections. There is a trend towards improved clinical outcomes including corneal sensation as well as acceleration in the restoration of normal corneal architecture in corneal alkali burns treated with AMSCs, results that support the need for further research in the field.