Systematics of European coastal anchovies (genus Engraulis Cuvier).

Reports of morphological differences between European anchovy (Engraulis cf. encrasicolus) from coastal and marine habitats have long existed in the ichthyologic literature and have given rise to a long-standing debate on their taxonomic status. More recently, molecular studies have confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation between the two anchovy ecotypes. Using ancestry-informative markers, we show that coastal anchovies throughout the Mediterranean share a common ancestry and that substantial genetic differentiation persists in different pairs of coastal/marine populations despite the presence of limited gene flow. On the basis of genetic and ecological arguments, we propose that coastal anchovies deserve a species status of their own (E. maeoticus) and argue that a unified taxonomical framework is critical for future research and management.

Differential micropollutants bioaccumulation in European hake and their parasites Anisakis sp.

Organisms are exposed to various stressors including parasites and micropollutants. Their combined effects are hard to predict. This study assessed the trophic relationship, micropollutants bioaccumulation and infection degree in a host-parasite couple. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios were determined in hake Merluccius merluccius muscle and in its parasite Anisakis sp.. Concentrations of both priority (mercury species and polychlorinated biphenyls congeners) and emerging (musks and sunscreens) micropollutants were also measured for the parasite and its host, to detect potential transfer of contaminants between the two species. The results showed partial trophic interaction between the parasite and its host, in accordance with the Anisakis sp. life encysted in hake viscera cavity. PCB transfer between the two species may result from some lipids uptake by the parasite, while no relation occurred for the two other contaminants. Finally, a positive correlation was found between the number of Anisakis sp. larvae and the methylmercury contamination for hake, emphasizing the assumption that the contamination level in methylmercury can weaken immune system of the host enough to affect parasite infection degree.