Can Exercise Help Regulate Blood Pressure and Improve Functional Capacity of Older Women with Hypertension against the Deleterious Effects of Physical Inactivity?

BACKGROUND: Sedentarism and inactivity are risk factors for the development of hypertension. Thus, the prevention of the natural process of biological and physiological aging of older women through physical exercise results in higher benefits in preventing cardiovascular diseases and can be a key factor for its treatment. Multicomponent exercise (METP) is a training method that may help older women with hypertension by improving their quality of life and their response to treatment. METHODS: Twenty-eight older Caucasian women with hypertension (66.7 ± 5.3 years, 1.59 ± 0.11 m) performed a supervised METP program of nine months followed by three months of detraining (DT), and seventeen older women (68.2 ± 4.7 years, 1.57 ± 0.16 cm) with hypertension maintained their daily routine, without exercise. Blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, and functional capacity (FC) were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the program, and after three months of DT. RESULTS: The ME program improved (p < 0.05) systolic BP (-5.37%), diastolic BP (-5.67%), resting heart rate (-7.8%), agility (9.8%), lower body strength (27.8%), upper body strength (10.0%), and cardiorespiratory capacity (8.6%). BP and FC deteriorated after the DT period (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nine months of multicomponent exercise were sufficient to improve functional capacity and promote benefits in blood pressure, although was not sufficient to allow BP to reach the normal values of older women. The three month DT period without exercise caused the reversal of BP improvements but maintained the functional capacity of older women.

Local muscle oxygenation during different cuff-pressures intervention: a punctual near-infrared spectroscopy measurement

Abstract Aim: To verify the response of tissue saturation index (TSI) during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) interventions with different cuff-pressures. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy men experienced in resistance training were recruited. Each one has undergone a control condition (no cuff) and one of the three IR interventions: 1) 190 mmHg (CP-190, 22.7 ± 3.0 years; 176.6 ± 3.9 cm; 77.3 ± 9.5 kg; 2) 100 mmHg (CP-100, 22.9 ± 6.3 years; 180.5 ± 4.0 cm; 85.2 ± 14.1 kg) and 3) 20 mmHg (CP-20, 20.3 ± 2.4 years; 171.8 ± 5.2 cm; 72.4 ± 6.0 kg). Cuffs were placed on the proximal region of the thighs. IR interventions consisted of three cycles of 2-min occlusion-reperfusion. TSI was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positioned on the middle portion of the vastus lateralis of the dominant leg. The oxygenation was measured at the control conditions (no cuff) and during cuff interventions. Results: While TSI values of CP-20 did not change compared to control (p > 0.05), the TSI in CP-190 was lower in the ischemia (p < 0.05), and CP-100 was lower in the second and third ischemia (p < 0.05). However, the TSI value increased during reperfusion but did not return to control levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: TSI of the CP-190 significantly decreased during ischemia. However, these values increased by about 16% in the reperfusion period. Thus, our results show that the RI intervention may have caused an increase in metabolic demand, as even with the release of blood flow, the TSI values were below those of the other interventions.