Brazilian hepatitis B vaccine: a six-year follow-up in adolescents.

The protective anti-HBs titres were examined six-year post-immunisation with the Brazilian recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. After the primary vaccination, all adolescents (n = 89) responded with protective anti-HBs titres and had a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 4031.8 mIU/mL. In 2010, 94.5% maintained protective anti-HBs (> 10 mIU/mL) antibodies, with a GMT of 236.0 mIU/mL. A positive correlation was observed between the anti-HBs titres after the primary vaccination and the titres at the six-year follow-up (p < 0.01). Eleven subjects showed anti-HBs titres suggestive of a natural booster. Prostitution and tattoos/piercings were marginally associated with natural boosters in the multivariate analysis. This study showed the first data on anti-HBs persistence following the Brazilian hepatitis B vaccine in sexually active individuals and highlights its effectiveness in the medium term.

Praziquantel pharmacotherapy reduces systemic osteopontin levels and liver collagen content in murine schistosomiasis mansoni.

The pathogenesis of schistosomiasis and the mechanism of disease regression after Praziquantel pharmacotherapy are not fully elucidated. Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens directly stimulate the expression of the profibrogenic molecule osteopontin (OPN), and systemic OPN levels strongly correlate with disease severity, suggesting its use as a potential morbidity biomarker. In this study, we investigated the impact of Praziquantel use on systemic OPN levels and on liver collagen deposition in chronic murine schistosomiasis. Praziquantel treatment significantly reduced systemic OPN levels and liver collagen deposition, indicating that OPN could be a reliable tool for monitoring PZQ efficacy and fibrosis regression in murine schistosomiasis.

Travestis and transsexual women: who are at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections?

OBJECTIVE: To compare social characteristics, risk behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections among travestis and transsexual women. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities in Goiás, Central Brazil. Trans women were interviewed on sociodemographic characteristics, discrimination, prejudice, sexual behavior, illicit drugs, and previous testing for HIV and syphilis between April 2018 and August 2019. RESULTS: A total of 166 travestis and 249 transsexual women were investigated. Although sexual, physical, and verbal violence were common to both groups, sexual behavior, use of illicit drugs, prison, and previous positive HIV and syphilis testing were more frequent among travestis than in transsexual women. CONCLUSION: The present findings confirm that Brazilian travestis are at greater risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI), indicating that health services should take this imbalance into account in terms of health intervention proportions.

Usnic acid enantiomers restore cognitive deficits and neurochemical alterations induced by Aß1-42 in mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia with a complex pathophysiology not fully elucidated but with limited pharmacological treatment. The Usnic acid (UA) is a lichen secondary metabolite found in two enantiomeric forms: (R)-(+)-UA or (S)-(-)-UA, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, given the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative injury in the AD, this study aimed to investigate experimentally the cognitive enhancing and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of UA enantiomers. First, the interactions of UA on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was assessed by molecular docking and its inhibitory capability on AChE was assessed in vitro. In vivo trials investigated the effects of UA enantiomers in mice exposed to Aß1-42 peptide (400 pmol/mice) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). For this, mice were treated orally during 24 days with (R)-(+)-UA or (S)-(-)-UA at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, vehicle, or donepezil (2 mg/kg). Animals were submitted to the novel object recognized, Morris water maze, and inhibitory-avoidance task to assess the cognitive deficits. Additionally, UA antioxidant capacity and neuroinflammatory biomarkers were measured at the cortex and hippocampus from mice. Our results indicated that UA enantiomers evoked complex-receptor interaction with AChE like galantamine in silico. Also, UA enantiomers improved the learning and memory of the animals and in parallel decreased the myeloperoxidase activity and the lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) on the cortex and hippocampus and reduced the IL-1ß levels on the hippocampus. In summary, UA restored the cognitive deficits, as well as the signs of LOOH and neuroinflammation induced by Aß1-42 administration in mice.

Aspects of protection and social vulnerability of teenagers in public all-day schools.

OBJECTIVE: identify and analyze aspects related to social vulnerability of a group of teenagers of a public all-day school with regard to harmful and abusive use of psychoactive drugs. METHODS: a strategic social study, with a qualitative approach, was carried out with 49 teenagers of a public all-day secondary school. Focus groups were carried out between 2016 and 2017, and the resulting material was transcribed and analyzed by means of thematic content analysis, resulting in the following categories: The family I come from; Birds of a feather; If I'm studying, how can I work?; Drugs: a non-parallel universe. RESULTS: social vulnerability was associated with unequal income distribution, fragile social relations affected by the harmful use of drugs and vulnerability of public all-day schools. Final considerations: all-day schools did not appear as an effective tool to break away with the context of social vulnerability regarding the use of drugs.

Use of illicit drugs by adolescents and young adults of an urban settlement in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use by adolescents and young adults of a formal urban settlement. METHOD: Cross-sectional study including adolescents and young adults 12-24 years of an urban settlement in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata, version 12.0. We used Poisson regression model to estimate the factors associated with illicit drug use. RESULTS: Of the total participants (n=105), 27.6% (95CI 20.0-36.9%) had used illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, LSD and inhalants. The consumption of these substances was associated with male gender, use of body piercing and/or tattoos, licit drug use and self-report of signs and/or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of illicit drug use was found in the individuals investigated, ratifying the presence of risk factors to the vulnerability of the settlers to use these substances in the urban settlement population.

Antidepressant-like effect of caffeic acid: Involvement of the cellular signaling pathways

Abstract Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound widely distributed in plants and beverages such as coffee. Although its mechanism of action is poorly understood, caffeic acid reportedly induces antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of cellular signaling pathways in acute antidepressant-like effect induced by caffeic acid in mice. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the UNIVALI n. 021/2013. Female Swiss mice were administered with vehicle, caffeic acid (5 mg/ kg, p.o.), inhibitor (H-89, U0126, chelerythrine, or PD9859, i.c.v.) or caffeic acid plus inhibitor. The behavioral effects were evaluated 1h after the administration of compounds to mice using tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT). The results showed that the antidepressant- like effect of caffeic acid in mice was possibly mediated by the activation of PKA, MEK 1/2, PKC and MAPK (as assessed using TST), without compromising their locomotor activity (as assessed using OFT). Our results demonstrated, at least in part, the pathways involved in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of caffeic acid.

Prevalence, risk factors and hepatitis B immunization: helping fill the gap on hepatitis B epidemiology among homeless people, Goiânia, Central Brazil.

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection. Overall HBV prevalence was 21.8% (95%CI: 17,82-26,41), and 19,5% (95%CI: 15,75-24,0) showed a serological profile of previous HBV vaccination. Older individuals (> 50 years), blacks, and homosexuals or bisexuals showed increased exposure to HBV. The low frequency of individuals immunized against HBV, high social vulnerability, and risk behaviors emphasize the need for health services administrators to provide more opportunities for HBV vaccination in this target population.

Travestis and transsexual women: who are at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections? / Travestis e mulheres transexuais: quem tem maior risco de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis?

ABSTRACT: Objective: To compare social characteristics, risk behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections among travestis and transsexual women. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities in Goiás, Central Brazil. Trans women were interviewed on sociodemographic characteristics, discrimination, prejudice, sexual behavior, illicit drugs, and previous testing for HIV and syphilis between April 2018 and August 2019. Results: A total of 166 travestis and 249 transsexual women were investigated. Although sexual, physical, and verbal violence were common to both groups, sexual behavior, use of illicit drugs, prison, and previous positive HIV and syphilis testing were more frequent among travestis than in transsexual women. Conclusion: The present findings confirm that Brazilian travestis are at greater risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI), indicating that health services should take this imbalance into account in terms of health intervention proportions.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Comparar características sociais, comportamentos de risco e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis entre travestis e mulheres transexuais. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em três cidades de Goiás, Brasil Central. De abril de 2018 a agosto de 2019, foram entrevistadas mulheres trans a respeito de características sociodemográficas, discriminação, preconceito, comportamentos sexuais, drogas ilícitas e testagem prévia para HIV e sífilis. Resultados: Um total de 166 travestis e 249 mulheres transexuais foram investigadas. Embora as violências sexual, física e verbal fossem comuns para ambos os grupos, comportamentos sexuais, uso de drogas ilícitas, prisão e teste positivo para HIV e sífilis foram mais frequentes entre as travestis quando comparadas às mulheres transexuais. Conclusão: Os presentes resultados ratificam que as travestis brasileiras apresentam maior risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST); portanto, os gestores de saúde devem levar em conta esse desequilíbrio nas propostas de medidas de intervenção em saúde.

Aspects of protection and social vulnerability of teenagers in public all-day schools / Aspectos de protección y vulnerabilidad social de adolescentes de escuela pública a tiempo completo / Aspectos de proteção e vulnerabilidade social de adolescentes de escola pública integral

ABSTRACT Objective: identify and analyze aspects related to social vulnerability of a group of teenagers of a public all-day school with regard to harmful and abusive use of psychoactive drugs. Methods: a strategic social study, with a qualitative approach, was carried out with 49 teenagers of a public all-day secondary school. Focus groups were carried out between 2016 and 2017, and the resulting material was transcribed and analyzed by means of thematic content analysis, resulting in the following categories: The family I come from; Birds of a feather; If I'm studying, how can I work?; Drugs: a non-parallel universe. Results: social vulnerability was associated with unequal income distribution, fragile social relations affected by the harmful use of drugs and vulnerability of public all-day schools. Final considerations: all-day schools did not appear as an effective tool to break away with the context of social vulnerability regarding the use of drugs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar aspectos relativos a la vulnerabilidad social de un grupo de alumnos adolescentes de escolaridad pública a tiempo completo respecto del consumo abusivo y perjudicial de drogas psicoactivas. Métodos: Investigación social estratégica de abordaje cualitativo, desarrollada con 49 alumnos adolescentes de enseñanza secundaria pública a tiempo completo. Grupos focales realizados entre 2016 y 2017, el material fue transcripto y analizado por análisis de contenido temático, surgiendo las categorías: La familia a la que pertenezco; Con quién andas; Si estudias, ¿cómo trabajas?; Drogas: universo no paralelo. Resultados: La vulnerabilidad social estuvo asociada a la mala distribución de ingresos, debilidad de las relaciones sociales teñidas y respaldadas por el consumo nocivo de drogas y debilidad de la escuela pública a tiempo completo. Consideraciones finales: La escuela a tiempo completo no constituye una herramienta significativa para romper el contexto de vulnerabilidad social frente al consumo de drogas.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e analisar aspectos relacionados à vulnerabilidade social de um grupo de adolescentes do ensino público em tempo integral ao uso abusivo e prejudicial de drogas psicoativas. Métodos: pesquisa social estratégica de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com 49 adolescentes de uma escola pública de ensino médio em tempo integral. Os grupos focais foram realizados entre 2016 e 2017 e o material obtido transcrito e analisado por meio da análise de conteúdo modalidade temática, tendo originado as seguintes categorias: a família de onde venho; com quem tu andas; se estudar, como trabalhar?; drogas: universo não paralelo. Resultados: a vulnerabilidade social foi relacionada à má distribuição de renda, à fragilidade das relações sociais permeadas e subsidiadas pelo uso nocivo de drogas e à fragilidade da escola pública em período integral. Considerações finais: a escola em tempo integral não se apresentou como ferramenta significativa para romper com o contexto de vulnerabilidade social ao uso de drogas.

"Sobrevivendo": vulnerabilidade social vivenciada por adolescentes em uma periferia urbana / "Sobreviviendo": vulnerabilidad social vivida por adolescentes en una periferia urbana / "Surviving": social vulnerability experienced by suburban adolescents

Estudo qualitativo, teoricamente sustentado no conceito de vulnerabilidade social conforme Castel e, metodologicamente, na perspectiva construtivista da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O objetivo foi compreender, sob a óptica da Bioecologia do Desenvolvimento Humano, os fenômenos sociais vivenciados por adolescentes atendidos em um Centro de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS). As estratégias utilizadas para coleta de dados foram a observação e entrevistas na técnica de grupo focal. A amostragem teórica consistiu em dez encontros, entre agosto e dezembro de 2015, com vinte adolescentes. Os dados analisados demonstram a existência de um complexo multifatorial nas dinâmicas familiar e comunitária, que submete o adolescente à opressão ou à superação das suas limitações, explicitado no fenômeno central: "sobrevivendo". Conclui-se que a compreensão das contradições inerentes à realidade dos adolescentes poderá subsidiar estratégias promotoras dos direitos dessas pessoas, o que favorece um desenvolvimento saudável.(AU)

Estudio cualitativo, teóricamente sostenido en el concepto de "Vulnerabilidad Social", conforme Castel, y metodológicamente en la perspectiva constructivista de la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. El objetivo fue comprender, bajo la óptica de la Bioecología del Desarrollo Humano, los fenómenos sociales vividos por adolescentes atendidos en un Centro de Referencia en Asistencia Social. Las estrategias utilizadas para la colecta de datos fueron la observación y entrevistas en la técnica de grupo focal. El muestreo teórico consistió en 10 encuentros, entre agosto y diciembre de 2015, con vente adolescentes. Los datos analizados demuestran la existencia de un complejo multifactorial en las dinámicas familiar y comunitaria que somete al adolescente a la opresión o a la superación de sus limitaciones, explicitado en el fenómeno central: "sobreviviendo". Se concluye que la comprensión de las contradicciones inherentes a la realidad de los adolescentes podrá subsidiar estrategias promotoras de los derechos de esas personas, lo que favorece un desarrollo saludable.(AU)

Qualitative study, theoretically based on Castel's "Social Vulnerability" concept and, methodologically grounded on the constructivist perspective of the Grounded Theory. The objective was to understand, from the perspective of the bioecological model of human development, social phenomena experienced by adolescents who were assisted at a reference social assistance center. The strategies used for data collection were observation and interviews in focus groups. The theoretical sampling consisted of ten meetings, which were held between August and December 2015, with twenty adolescents. The analyzed data show the existence of a multifactorial complex in the family and community dynamics, which subjects the adolescents to oppression or to overcoming their limitations, explained in the central phenomenon "surviving". In conclusion, the understanding of contradictions inherent to these adolescents' reality may provide strategies to promote their rights to healthy development.(AU)

Study of the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in humans and rodents in an urban area of the city of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatic capillariosis, caused by Capillaria hepatica (Calodium hepaticum) (Bancroft, 1893), Travassos, 1915 (Nematoda, Trichinelloidea, Capillariidae), is a common zoonosis in rodents but is rare in humans. Seventy-two cases in humans have been reported worldwide since the first case was described by MACARTHUR in 192417,27. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in humans and rodents in an urban area of Porto Velho, the capital of Rondônia, in Brazil. METHODS: After conducting a census of the area, 490 residents were randomly selected, and, after signing a term of consent, provided blood samples that were screened for anti-Capillaria hepatica antibodies. Simultaneously, rats were captured to assess the prevalence of this parasite in rodents by histopathological examination in liver sections. RESULTS: A prevalence of 1.8% was found among residents who had specific antibodies at a dilution of 1:150, indicating exposure to parasite eggs; 0.8% of the subjects also had positive titers at a dilution of 1:400, indicating true infection. The prevalence in rats was 2%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of infection with this parasite among humans and rats was low. While the prevalence encountered among humans was within the limits reported in the literature, the prevalence among rodents was much lower.

Brain schistosomiasis in mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

INTRODUCTION: Human neuroschistosomiasis has been reported in the literature, but the possibility of modeling neuroschistosomiasis in mice is controversial. METHODS: In two research laboratories in Brazil that maintain the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in rodents, two mice developed signs of brain disease (hemiplegia and spinning), and both were autopsied. RESULTS: S. mansoni eggs, both with and without granuloma formation, were observed in the brain and meninges of both mice by optical microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of eggs in the brains of symptomatic mice that were experimentally infected with S. mansoni. An investigation of experimental neuroschistosomiasis is now feasible.

Masculinity, vulnerability and prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS among male adolescents: social representations in a land reform settlement.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship of masculinity, vulnerability and prevention of STD / HIV / AIDS among adolescent males of a land reform settlement in central Brazil. METHOD: a qualitative study using as precepts the strands of social representations with teenagers between 12 to 24 years. RESULTS: three categories emerged - Perception of vulnerability; Gender and vulnerability; and, Prevention and vulnerability to STD / HIV / AIDS. Adolescents felt invulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases anchored in the social representations in favor of the male hegemony. An ignorance about forms of prevention for STD / HIV / AIDS was demonstrated in their statements. It is believed that institutional projects such as the School Health Program and the Men's Health Care Program constitute essential tools to minimize factors of vulnerability in this population, since the school is recognized as a social facility that promotes socialization of experiences and contributes to the construction of the identity of the adolescent. CONCLUSION: the social representations of masculinity collaborate for the vulnerable behavior of the adolescents for the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases. One hopes that this study can contribute to the production of knowledge and technical-scientific improvement of the professionals, especially the nurse, in order to discuss issues related to male sexuality of adolescents in the situation of the land reform settlement.

Use of illicit drugs by adolescents and young adults of an urban settlement in Brazil / Uso de drogas ilícitas por adolescentes e adultos jovens de um assentamento urbano no Brasil

Summary Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use by adolescents and young adults of a formal urban settlement. Method: Cross-sectional study including adolescents and young adults 12-24 years of an urban settlement in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Stata, version 12.0. We used Poisson regression model to estimate the factors associated with illicit drug use. Results: Of the total participants (n=105), 27.6% (95CI 20.0-36.9%) had used illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, crack, LSD and inhalants. The consumption of these substances was associated with male gender, use of body piercing and/or tattoos, licit drug use and self-report of signs and/or symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion: High prevalence of illicit drug use was found in the individuals investigated, ratifying the presence of risk factors to the vulnerability of the settlers to use these substances in the urban settlement population.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados ao consumo de drogas ilícitas por adolescentes e adultos jovens de um assentamento urbano formal. Método: Estudo de corte transversal conduzido em adolescentes e adultos jovens de 12 a 24 anos de um assentamento urbano da região Centro-oeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado e analisados no programa Stata, versão 12.0. Utilizou-se modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar os fatores associados ao uso de drogas ilícitas. Resultados: Do total de participantes (n = 105), 27,6% (IC95% 20,0-36,9%) reportaram uso de drogas ilícitas, como maconha, cocaína, crack, LSD e inalantes nos últimos 30 dias. O consumo dessas substâncias foi associado a sexo masculino, uso de body piercing e/ou tatuagem, consumo de drogas lícitas (álcool e/ou tabaco) e autorrelato de sinais e/ou sintomas de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Conclusão: Verificou-se alta prevalência de consumo de drogas ilícitas nos indivíduos investigados, ratificando a presença de fatores de risco para uso dessas substâncias na população de assentamento urbano.

O uso de preservativos: a realidade de adolescentes e adultos jovens de um assentamento urbano / Condom use: the reality of adolescents and young adults from an urban settlement

Estudo com objetivo de estimar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de preservativo masculino em adolescentes e jovens de áreas de assentamento urbano de uma capital do centro-oeste brasileiro. Investigação de corte transversal, realizada em 105 adolescentes e jovens escolares de 12 a 24 anos, utilizando-se questionário estruturado. Do total de entrevistados, 61 (58,1%) haviam iniciado a vida sexual e destes, apenas 38,3% relataram uso regular do preservativo. Escolaridade acima de seis anos (p=0,02), acesso a informação sobre sexualidade com os pais (p=0,05) e na escola (p=0,04) foram fatores associados ao uso do preservativo. Os resultados deste estudo ratificam a importância de investimento em políticas de saúde que invistam no trabalho conjunto entre profissionais de saúde, família e instituições de ensino, visando minimizar a vulnerabilidade às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the use of male condoms in adolescents and young adults from urban settlement areas in a city of central-western Brazil. This is a cross-sectional investigation with 105 adolescents and young students aged 12 to 24 years, which used a structured questionnaire. Of the total number of interviewees, 61 (58.1%) had started their sexual life; of these, only 38.3% reported regular condom use. Education over six years (p=0.02), access to sexuality information with parents (p=0.05) and at school (p=0.04) were factors associated with condom use. The results confirm the importance of investing in health policies that invest in working together among healthcare professionals, families and educational institutions, in order to minimize the vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Enfermagem sob a ótica de cuidadores principais de indivíduos com doença crônica no ambiente hospitalar / Nursing as seen by primary caregivers of individuals with chronic disease in the hospital environment / Enfermería desde la perspectiva de los cuidadores principales de personas con enfermedad crónica en el ambiente hospitalario

Objetivo: identificar os significados do cuidado de enfermagem para cuidadores principais de indivíduos adultos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em hospital da Região Central do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de maio a novembro de 2014, em 220 cuidadores principais, sendo utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Investigação aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (parecer 031/2009). Resultados: foram identificadas as seguintes categorias nos depoimentos: relações afetivas e o cuidado; enfermagem e o modelo vocacional-religioso; subalternidade profissional e satisfação do cliente e o cuidado. Conclusão: os cuidadores ainda possuem visão restrita e limitada a respeito da enfermagem, não considerando que a profissão atua com rigor científico baseado em evidências, e articulado à utilidade social. Os achados oferecem ponto de partida para o planejamento de intervenções que traduzam o conhecimento produzido pela enfermagem aos cuidadores principais no ambiente hospitalar, grupo formador de opinião intra e extra-hospitalar.

Objective: to identify the meanings of nursing care to primary caregivers of adults with chronic noncommunicable diseases at a hospital in the Central Region of Brazil. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study was conducted by semi-structured interviews of 220 primary caregivers, from May to November 2014, and using content analysis technique. The study had research ethics committee approval (opinion 031/2009). Results: the following categories were identified in the transcriptions: affective relationships and care; nursing and the vocational-religious model; professional subordination and client satisfaction and care. Conclusion: caregivers still have a narrow and limited view of nursing, and do not consider that the profession acts with scientific evidence-based rigor and in articulation with social utility. The findings offer a starting point for planning interventions that translate the knowledge produced by nursing to primary caregivers in the hospital setting, who are opinion leaders, as a group, inside and outside the hospital.

Objetivo: identificar los significados del cuidado de enfermería para cuidadores principales de individuos adultos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en un hospital de la Región Central de Brasil. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas en el período de mayo a noviembre de 2014, junto a 220 cuidadores principales, siendo utilizada la técnica de análisis de contenido. Investigación aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación (dictamen 031/2009). Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías de resultados: relaciones afectivas y el cuidado, enfermería y el modelo vocacionalreligioso, subalternidad profesional y satisfacción del cliente y el cuidado. Conclusión: los cuidadores todavía tienen visión restringida y limitada respecto a la enfermería, no considerando que la profesión actúe con rigor científico basado en evidencias y articulada a la utilidad social. Los hallazgos ofrecen un punto de partida para la planificación de intervenciones que traduzcan el conocimiento producido por la enfermería a los cuidadores principales en el ambiente hospitalario, grupo formador de opinión intra y extrahospitalario.

Prevalence, risk factors and hepatitis B immunization: helping fill the gap on hepatitis B epidemiology among homeless people, Goiânia, Central Brazil / Prevalência, fatores de risco e imunização contra a hepatite B: ajudando a preencher as lacunas na epidemiologia da hepatite B entre pessoas em situação de rua em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil / Prevalencia, factores de riesgo e inmunización contra la hepatitis B: ayudando a completar las lagunas en la epidemiología de la hepatitis B entre personas sin techo en Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

Data are limited in Brazil on hepatitis B infection among homeless individuals, a marginalized population with high risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI), including hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology in homeless persons lodged in a public shelter in Goiânia, Central Brazil. From August 2014 to June 2015, 353 individuals were interviewed and tested for markers of HBV infection. Overall HBV prevalence was 21.8% (95%CI: 17,82-26,41), and 19,5% (95%CI: 15,75-24,0) showed a serological profile of previous HBV vaccination. Older individuals (> 50 years), blacks, and homosexuals or bisexuals showed increased exposure to HBV. The low frequency of individuals immunized against HBV, high social vulnerability, and risk behaviors emphasize the need for health services administrators to provide more opportunities for HBV vaccination in this target population.

No Brasil, existem poucos dados sobre a infecção por hepatite B entre pessoas em situação de rua, uma população marginalizada com alto risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), incluindo a hepatite B. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a epidemiologia da hepatite B em pessoas alojadas em um abrigo público da cidade de Goiânia, Brasil Central. De agosto de 2014 a junho de 2015, 353 indivíduos foram entrevistados e testados para os marcadores da infecção pelo HBV. Uma prevalência global de 21,8% (IC95%: 17,82-26,41) para HBV foi estimado, e 19,5% (IC95%: 15,75-24,0) apresentaram perfil sorológico de vacinação prévia contra o HBV. Ser mais velho (acima de 50 anos de idade), preto e homossexual ou bissexual foram preditores de exposição ao HBV. A baixa frequência de indivíduos imunizados contra o HBV, bem como de alta vulnerabilidade social e ocorrência de comportamentos de risco reforçam a necessidade dos gestores de saúde proporcionar mais oportunidades de vacinação para esta população-alvo.

En Brasil, existen pocos datos sobre la infección por hepatitis B entre personas sin techo, una población marginalizada con un alto riesgo de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles (IST), incluyendo la hepatitis B. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la epidemiología de la hepatitis B en personas alojadas en un albergue público de la ciudad de Goiânia, Brasil Central. De agosto de 2014 a junio de 2015, se entrevistó a 353 individuos y se probaron los marcadores de la infección por HBV. Se estimó una prevalencia global de un 21,8% (IC95%: 17,82-26,41) para HBV, y 19,5% (IC95%: 15,75-24,0) presentaron un perfil serológico de vacunación previa contra el HBV. Ser más viejo (por encima de 50 años de edad), negro y homosexual o bisexual fueron predictores de exposición al HBV. La baja frecuencia de individuos inmunizados contra el HBV, así como la alta vulnerabilidad social y ocurrencia de comportamientos de riesgo refuerzan la necesidad de los gestores de salud de proporcionar más oportunidades de vacunación para esta población-objetivo.

Concepções de pais de adolescentes escolares sobre a sexualidade de seus filhos / Conceptions of parents of adolescent students about the sexuality of their children

Conhecer a concepção de pais de adolescentes escolares sobre a sexualidade dos seus filhos.Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, modalidade Pesquisa Estratégica, utilizando grupos focais norteados porinstrumento semiestruturado, com 15 pais de adolescentes escolares. Os dados foram analisados por Análisede Conteúdo, em que emergiram as categorias “Compreendendo aspectos relacionados à sexualidade”;“Dificuldades para o diálogo”; “Facilidades para o diálogo”; e “As atribuições da família e da escola no apoio atemática”. Resultados: os pais apresentaram conhecimento superficial e conceitos errôneos sobre o tema. Foiidentificada uma grande dificuldade de diálogo entre pais e filhos, justificada pelo desconhecimento e timidezdos pais e falta de abertura do adolescente, ainda assim, houve reconhecimento da responsabilização da famílianeste contexto. Conclusão: há necessidade de ampliação do trabalho intersetorial envolvendo segmentos daeducação, saúde e instituições de ensino superior a fim de apoiar as famílias com informações sobre sexualidadeno contexto escolar...

Violência no contexto escolar: significados para professores do ensino público / Violencia en el contexto escolar: significados para profesores de la enseñanza pública / Violence and the school context: meanings for public education teachers

RESUMO Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em escola pública de Goiânia-GO. O objetivo foi compreender os significados do fenômeno da violência, na perspectiva de professores de uma instituição pública de ensino. Os dados foram coletados, em grupos focais e observação participante, e analisados pelo método de interpretação de sentidos. Emergiram as categorias "O professor e a violência em seu contexto de trabalho" que diz respeito ao entendimento e estratégias utilizadas frente à violência no contexto de trabalho e "A influência da família na violência no contexto escolar", apresentando como os professores compreendem a influência da família no comportamento dos alunos. A pesquisa permitiu compreender a importância do trabalho intersetorial entre as áreas da saúde e educação, com apoio de instituições de ensino superior, para resguardar a função dos professores em sua essência. Percebemos, também, a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a influência das relações dos estudantes com suas famílias.

RESUMEN Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado en escuela pública de Goiânia-GO-Brasil. El objetivo fue comprender los significados del fenómeno de la violencia, en la perspectiva de profesores de una institución de enseñanza pública. Los datos fueron recolectados en grupos focales y observación participante, y analizados por el método de interpretación de sentidos. Surgieron las categorías "El profesor y la violencia en su contexto de trabajo" que dice respeto al entendimiento y a las estrategias utilizadas frente a la violencia en el contexto de trabajo y "La influencia de la familia en la violencia en el contexto escolar", presentando cómo los profesores comprenden la influencia de la familia en el comportamiento de los alumnos. La investigación permitió comprender la importancia del trabajo intersectorial entre las áreas de la salud y educación, con el apoyo de instituciones de enseñanza superior, para resguardar la función de los profesores en su esencia. Percibimos, también, la necesidad de más estudios sobre la influencia de las relaciones de los estudiantes con sus familias.

ABSTRACT Descriptive, exploratory qualitative study, performed at a public school in Goiânia -GO. The objective was to understand the meanings of the phenomenon of violence from the perspective of teachers. Data were collected through participant observation and focus groups, and analyzed by the method of interpretation of meanings, which emerged from the categories "Professor and violence in their work context", which deals with the understanding and strategies used to violence in work context and "The influence of family violence in the school context" which discusses how teachers understand the family's influence on pupil behavior. Thus, the research allows us to understand the importance of intersectional work between the areas of Health and Education, with the support of institutions of higher education to protect the role of teachers in its essence and in addition, we realized the need for further studies on the influence relationships with their students' families.