Green Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrazide Derivatives Using an Oxoammonium Salt.

Aromatic diazenes are often prepared by oxidation of the corresponding hydrazides using stoichiometric quantities of nonrecyclable oxidants. We developed a convenient alternative protocol for the oxidation of aromatic hydrazides using Bobbitt's salt (1), a metal-free, recyclable, and commercially available oxoammonium reagent. A variety of aryl hydrazides were oxidized within 75 min at room temperature using the developed protocol. Computational insight suggests that this oxidation occurs by a polar hydride transfer mechanism.

Chemoselective Oxidation of Thiols with Oxoammonium Cations.

The oxidation of various aryl and aliphatic thiols with the commercially available and environmentally benign reagent Bobbitt's salt (1) has been investigated. The reaction affords the corresponding disulfide products in good to excellent yields (71-99%) and can be accomplished in water, methanol, or acetonitrile solvent. Moreover, the process is highly chemoselective, tolerating traditionally oxidation-labile groups such as free amines and alcohols. Combined experimental and computational studies reveal that the oxidation takes place via a polar two-electron process with concomitant and unexpected deoxygenation of the oxoammonium cation through homolysis of the weak N-O bond, differing from prototypical radical-based thiol couplings. This unusual consumption of the oxidant has significant implications for the development of new nitroxide-based radical traps for probing S-centered radicals, the advancement of new electrochemical or catalytic processes involving nitroxide/oxoammonium salt redox couples, and applications to biological systems.

Recent advancements in the use of Bobbitt's salt and 4-acetamidoTEMPO.

Recent advances in synthetic methodologies for selective, oxidative transformations using Bobbitt's salt (4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinium tetrafluoroborate, 1) and its stable organic nitroxide counterpart ACT (4-acetamidoTEMPO, 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 2) have led to increased applications across a broad array of disciplines. Current applications and mechanistic understanding of these metal-free, environmentally benign, and easily accessible organic oxidants now span well-beyond the seminal use of 1 and 2 in selective alcohol oxidations. New synthetic methodologies for the oxidation of alcohols, ethers, amines, thiols, C-H bonds and other functional groups with 1 and 2 along with the field's current mechanistic understandings of these processes are presented alongside our contributions in this area. Exciting new areas harnessing the unique properties of these oxidants include: applications to drug discovery and natural product total synthesis, the development of new electrocatalytic methods for depolymerization of lignin and modification of other biopolymers, in vitro and in vivo nucleoside modifications, applications in supramolecular catalysis, the synthesis of new polymers and materials, enhancements in the design of organic redox flow batteries, uses in organic fuel cells, applications and advancements in energy storage, the development of electrochemical sensors, and the production of renewable fuels.