[Ascites May Provide Useful Information for Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer]. / Ascitická tekutina u nádoru vajecníku muze poskytnout informace vhodné pro diagnostiku.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). None of these biomarkers is specific only for ovarian cancer and increased levels may be caused by other diseases. Therefore, current research is focused on finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. For full glycomic and proteomic analysis, only 5 µL of ascites were used. Glycans were released from proteins by the enzyme PNGase F and proteins were digested to peptides by trypsin. Samples were purified and measured using a mass spectrometer. RESULTS: Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. CONCLUSION: This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. Significant differences were found on both glycan and protein levels. Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 3. 2017Accepted: 26. 3. 2017.

The effect of nutritional regimes upon collagen concentration and survival of rats.

It has been demonstrated that food restriction put upon animals at any stage of the individual's life, if chronic, produces a distinct increase in the lifespan. This can be effected in youth and still have a distinct effect in old age even if the food restriction is cut down and for the rest of the life the animal is allowed food ad libitum. Since the effect upon the aging of the animal is delayed on the time scale, it is obviously an effect which is stored somewhere and it is suggested that this storage occurred somewhere along the DNA-RNA pathway. Also the effect of under nutrition is not identical with that of oxidizing free radical blocking agents and therefore it is concluded that the food deprivation does not minimize the attack of the free radicals on the long chain macromolecules and as a matter of fact it seems that the proportion by which free radicals contribute to the changes in the average lifespan in undernourished and fully nourished animals is small. It has been also demonstrated that the addition of reducing agents to normal diet and to the diet of food restricted animals increases the average and maximum lifespan in both cases practically to the same extent, which supports the idea expressed before. This feeding effect has been observed in three different species of rodents and no extrapolation has been done to other types of mammals. Due to the data published on this topic and dealing with rotifers and some insects (2) it is conceivable to conclude that the effect of undernutrition is general and is not limited to the food restriction in the early stages of development only. Collagen starts to accumulate in the kidneys and liver of experimental animals roughly ten months before 90 percent of the population dies out. Tus an increase in collagen concentration can be indicative of involutional changes in the organ (and perhaps organism). These data are i- good agreement with previously published results on the relation between collagen accumulation and chronic food deprivation in rats (6). It can be also concluded that food deprivation induced in the adult, though not so effective in life prolongation as the food restriction during early development, still can increase survival in experimental animals to a high degree.

[Age differences in the reactivity of the organism after administration of isoprenaline in rats (author's transl)]. / Vekové razdíly v reaktibilite organismu po aplikaci izoprenalinu u krys

To three age groups of animals 2, 6 and 12 months old isoprenaline was administered in amounts of 8 mg/kg body weight. In these rats changes in the weight of some organs after administration of isoprenaline were followed-up. In the oldest group of rats were the myocardial lesions were most severe, the authors found the slightest oedematous response of the myocardium. The oedema of their aorta, on the other hand, was most marked. The weight of the adrenals, contrary to younger groups, did not change in the course of the experiment.