Effects of Different Anesthetic Methods on Cellular Immune and Neuroendocrine Functions in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before and After Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Many anesthesia methods have been studies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to explore the effects of combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and combined general and epidural anesthesia on cellular immune function and neuroendocrine function in patients with HCC before and after surgery. METHODS: Between September 2012 and April 2014, 72 patients who underwent a hepatectomy in our hospital were enrolled. RESULTS: Compared with the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group, the combined general and epidural anesthesia group demonstrated increased CD4+ /CD8+ T cells 0 hr after surgery, increased CD3+ , CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ cells, and IFN-γ levels 12 hr after surgery, and increased CD3+ , CD4+ , and CD4+ /CD8+ cells 24 hr after surgery (all P < 0.05). At 72 hr after surgery, the levels of ACTH and Cor in the combined general and epidural anesthesia group, and the levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ cells, and IFN-γ in both the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and the combined general and epidural anesthesia groups decreased to pre-surgery levels. Significant differences were observed in the comparisons of CD3+ , IL-6, and IL-10 between the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and the combined general and epidural anesthesia groups 72 hr after surgery (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that combined general and epidural anesthesia plays a crucial role in hepatectomy via the mitigation of the inhibition of immunologic function in HCC patients during the perioperative period. Combined general and epidural anesthesia also hastens the recovery of immunologic suppression after surgery, which can provide a certain reference for the selection of clinical anesthesia in the treatment of HCC.

[Antitumor Effect of Ganoderma lipsiense Extract on Triple-negative Breast Cancer Model Mice and Mechanism Study].

OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lipsiense extract (GLE) on the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231-HM in a mouse model. METHODS: The mouse model of TNBC was established by subcutaneous injection of 1.5 x 10(6) of MDA-MB-231-HM cells into BALB/c-nu mouse. Twenty successfully modeled mice were divided into the GLE group and the negative control group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. GLE (0.2 mL 100 mg/mL) was peritoneally injected to mice in the GLE group, while equal dose of normal saline was peritoneally injected to mice in the negative control group. The medication was administered once per 3 days and discontinued after 45 days. The CD34 expression was detected using immunohistochemical assay for counting microvessels. Meanwhile, expressions of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and cyclin D1 were detected using immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS: The average weight was obviously lower in the GLE group than in the negative control group [(0.33 ± 0.16) g vs (0.68 ± 0.37)g, P < 0.05]. The tumor inhibition rate was 51.4% in the GLE group. The volume of transplanted tumor was obviously lesser in the GLE group than in the negative control group (P < 0.05). Results of immunohistochemical staining showed, the microvessel density (MVD) under every field was (20.7 ± 2.1), TSP-1 positive cell count was (66.2 ± 9.2), cyclin D1 positive cell count was (33.8 ± 16.4) in the GLE group, and they were 34.0 ± 2.0, 24.0 ± 6.6, and 168.2 ± 32.6, respectively in the negative control group. There was statistical difference in all indices between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: GLE could inhibit malignant proliferation of tumor cells by suppressing angiogenesis of blood vessels in tumor tissues and regulating cell cycles, thereby inhibiting TNBC.

[Investigation of subjective well-being and influence factors among residents living in old districts in Wuhan, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the subjective well-being and its influence factors among residents living in old districts in Wuhan. METHODS: In June, 2011, a total of 500 residents living in Shanghai Street in Wuhan were recruited as subjects for this study by two-stage stratified random sampling method. The information of demographic features, health status, spare time, family status, interpersonal relationship and social environment were collected by self-made questionnaires naming "survey of satisfaction of residents living in old districts". The results were analyzed by single-factor and multi-factors analysis method. RESULTS: In this study, 448 samples of questionnaire were answered qualified (89.6%, 448/500). The subjects aged (51.3 ± 16.1) years old. The single-factor analysis showed that male and female influence the subjective happiness got 5.43 ± 1.66, 5.77 ± 1.65 (U = -2.32, P < 0.05);the age of 0 - 45, 46 - 59, 60 and above group got 5.12 ± 1.68, 5.47 ± 1.81, 6.29 ± 1.23, respectively (H = 43.07, P < 0.01); the unmarried, married, divorced, loss of spouse and remarriage groups got 5.18 ± 1.94, 5.74 ± 1.54, 4.00 ± 2.04, 5.68 ± 1.91, 6.63 ± 0.92, respectively (H = 17.41, P < 0.01); education background were primary school and blow, junior middle school, senior high school, bachelor degree, master degree and above got 6.30 ± 1.42, 5.55 ± 1.82, 5.90 ± 1.46, 5.07 ± 1.74, 4.75 ± 2.22 (H = 26.99, P < 0.01); monthly household income was ¥0 - 2000, ¥2001 - 4000, ¥4001 - 8000, ¥8001 - 10 000, ¥10 000 and above got 5.34 ± 1.87, 5.68 ± 1.53, 6.20 ± 1.07, 7.33 ± 0.58, 6.00 ± 0.00, respectively (H = 13.85, P < 0.01). The subjective satisfaction of social environment ranked from high to low were: city public security (56.0%, 248/448), traffic environment (44.9%, 199/448), community environment (14.9%, 66/448), housing conditions (13.8%, 61/448) and medical environment (8.2%, 36/448). Multiple regression model suggested that the determinant coefficient was 0.53(P < 0.01), with a good degree of fitting. The model showed that the factors influencing the residents' happiness were ranked: social environment (ß' = 0.34), family status (ß' = 0.32), health status (ß' = 0.21), education background (ß'(0-6) school year = 0.00, ß'(7-9) school year = -0.12, ß'(9-12) school year = 0.04, ß'(>12) school year = -0.14), monthly household income (ß' = 0.07) and marital status (ß'(unmarried) = 0.00, ß'(married) = 0.03, ß'(divorced) = -0.03, ß'(widowed) = 0.01, ß'(remarried) = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The factors that social environment, family status, health status, education background, monthly household income and marital status could influence the subjective happiness of residents living in old districts in Wuhan. A perfect social security system could improve the subjective happiness of residents in old districts in Wuhan.

[Structure and Functional Diversity of Bacterial Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Typical Vegetation in the Riparian Zone Along the Downstream of Songhua River].

The aim of this study was to provide a reference for the riparian zone with protection and ecological restoration by analyzing the differences in typical vegetation (Phragmites communis, Populus tomentosa, Salix sungkianica, and Carex schmidtii) rhizosphere bacterial communities and their functions and identifying the potential of different types of vegetation to restore the damaged riparian zone in Songhua River. The 16S rRNA of rhizosphere soil bacteria in the four typical vegetation types of the riparian zone along the downstream of the Songhua River was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing platform. The community diversity, functional differences, and influencing factors of rhizosphere soil bacteria for different vegetation types were analyzed. The results showed that the Ace index, Chao1 index, and Shannon index of soil bacterial diversity in P.communis were significantly higher than those of P.tomentosa (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the above two types of vegetation and S. sungkianica and C.schmidtii. There were significant differences between the soil bacterial community structure of P. tomentosa and that of the three other vegetation types (P<0.05). The soil bacterial community structures of S.sungkianica, C.schmidtii, and P.communis were similar. Bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the four typical vegetation types could be divided into 38 phyla. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla (relative abundance>5%), and the Nitrospirae, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Rokubacteria of bacteria had a relative abundance greater than 1%. The bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the four typical vegetation types had 6 primary metabolic pathways and 43 secondary metabolic pathways, including 14 types of main secondary metabolic pathways (relative abundance>1%). Diversity in rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of different vegetation types was significantly influenced by the C/N ratio, soil pH, and moisture content. Hence, the effects of different vegetation types in repairing the degraded riparian zone were different, and wetland vegetation (S.sungkianica and C.schmidtii) was conducive to the improvement in soil bacterial diversity and soil ecosystem functions.

[Soil heavy metals concentration in different type plantations in Harbin City].

In order to understand the soil heavy metals characteristics in different type plantations in Harbin City, 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, and Quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (P. sylvestris var. mongolica + F. mandshurica + Pinus koraiensis + P. amurense + B. platyphylla) established in the Urban Forestry Demonstration Research Base of Northeast Forestry University in the 1950s to analyze the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, and As, and the comprehensive pollution index was used to assess the soil heavy metals pollution in the plantations, based on the background values of black soil in the City. There existed significant differences in the heavy metals concentration in the same soil layers among different type plantations. In the test plantations, the concentrations of soil heavy metals except As and Ni tended to decrease with soil depth. In the same soil layers, Zn had the highest concentration (62.29-126.35 mg x kg(-1)), while Cd had the lowest one (0.06-0.47 mg x kg(-1)). The abundance and accumulation tendency of test heavy metals in the plantations was in the order of Zn>Pb>Cu(Ni)> Ni(Cu)>As>Cd, and Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>As, respectively. There existed positive correlations among soil Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the plantations except F. mandshurica, and the concentrations of these four heavy metals in the plantations except F. mandshurica and Q. mongolica were positively correlated with soil organic matter, N, P, and K. The concentrations of soil Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu were higher than the background values, suggesting the anthropogenic inputs; while those of Ni and As were similar to or lower than the background values, suggesting the origin from soil materials. The soil comprehensive pollution index of the plantations was decreased in the order of F. mandshurica > P. amurense > mixed plantation > J. mandshurica > P. sylvestris var. mongolica > P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis > L. gmelinii >B. platyphylla > Q. mongolica.

[Effects of different type urban forest plantations on soil fertility].

Aimed to study the effects of different urban forest plantations on soil fertility, soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, and Quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (P. sylvestris var. mongolica + F. mandshurica + Picea koraiensis + P. amurense + B. platyphylla) established in Northeast Forestry University's Urban Forestry Demonstration Research Base in the 1950s, with two sites of neighboring farmland and abandoned farmland as the control. The soils in broadleaved forest plantations except Q. mongolica were near neutral, those in mixed plantation, L. gmelinii, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, and P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis were slightly acidic, and that in Q. mongolica was acidic. The contents of soil organic matter, total N and P, available P and K, and hydrolysable N tended to decrease with soil depth. There existed significant differences in the chemical indices of the same soil layers among different plantations. The soil fertility was decreased in the order of F. mandshurica > P. amurense > mixed plantation > J. mandshurica > B. platyphylla > abandoned farmland > farmland > P. sylvestris var. mongolica > L. gmelinii > Q. mongolica > P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, suggesting that the soil fertility in broadleaved forest plantations except Q. mongolica and in mixed plantation increased, while that in needle-leaved forest plantations tended to decrease.