Clinical characteristics of suicidal behavior in first hospitalization and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major and common cause of suicide. The purpose of this article is to report the clinical characteristics and patterns of co-morbid suicidal behavior (SB) in first hospitalized and drug-naïve MDD patients. METHODS: A total of 345 patients with first hospitalization and drug-naïve MDD with SB were included in this study, while 183 patients without SB were included as a control group. We collected socio-demographic, general clinical data and common biochemical indicators of all participants and assessed their clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to patients without SB, MDD with SB had more severe clinical symptoms and worse metabolic indicators. Duration of disease, depressive symptom scores, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was risk factors for SB and its number. CONCLUSIONS: MDD patients with SB suffered more severe clinical symptoms and worse metabolic indicators, and risk factors for SB in this population were identified, which may provide beneficial insight and reference for clinical prevention and intervention of SB in MDD patients.

New functions of CIPK gene family are continue to emerging.

CIPK protein family is a key protein family in Ca2+ mediated plant signaling pathway, which plays an indispensable role in plant response to stress and development. Every gene in this family encodes specific proteins. They interact with calcium ion signals, make plants to deal with various stress or stimuli. This article mainly reviews the mechanism, positioning and physiological functions of the CIPK family in different species in recent years. According to our team's research, CIPK8 interacts with CBL5 to improve salt tolerance, and CIPK23 interacts with TGA1 to regulate nitrate uptake negatively in chrysanthemum. In addition, we discussed current limitations and future research directions. The article will enhance the understanding of the functional characteristics of the CIPK gene family under different stresses, provide insights for future breeding and the development of new crop varieties with enhanced stress tolerance.

Epidemiological analysis of varicella in Dalian from 2009 to 2019 and application of three kinds of model in prediction prevalence of varicella.

OBJECTIVE: This study described the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Dalian from 2009 to 2019, explored the fitting effect of Grey model first-order one variable( GM(1,1)), Markov model, and GM(1,1)-Markov model on varicella data, and found the best fitting method for this type of data, to better predict the incidence trend. METHODS: For this Cross-sectional study, this article was completed in 2020, and the data collection is up to 2019. Due to the global epidemic, the infectious disease data of Dalian in 2020 itself does not conform to the normal changes of varicella and is not included. The epidemiological characteristics of varicella from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed by epidemiological descriptive methods. Using the varicella prevalence data from 2009 to 2018, predicted 2019 and compared with actual value. First made GM (1,1) prediction and Markov prediction. Then according to the relative error of the GM (1,1), made GM (1,1)-Markov prediction. RESULTS: This study collected 37,223 cases from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention's "Disease Prevention and Control Information System" and the cumulative population was 73,618,235 from 2009 to 2019. The average annual prevalence was 50.56/100000. Varicella occurred all year round, it had a bimodal distribution. The number of cases had two peaks from April to June and November to January of the following year. The ratio of males to females was 1.17:1. The 4 to 25 accounted for 60.36% of the total population. The age of varicella appeared to shift backward. Students, kindergarten children, scattered children accounted for about 64% of all cases. The GM(1,1) model prediction result of 2019 would be 53.64, the relative error would be 14.42%, the Markov prediction result would be 56.21, the relative error would be 10.33%, and the Gray(1,1)-Markov prediction result would be 59.51. The relative error would be 5.06%. CONCLUSIONS: Varicella data had its unique development characteristics. The accuracy of GM (1,1)-Markov model is higher than GM(1.1) model and Markov model. The model can be used for prediction and decision guidance.

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of grafting onto Artemisia scoparia W. to affect the aphid resistance of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium T.).

BACKGROUND: Aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanbourni) stress drastically influences the yield and quality of chrysanthemum, and grafting has been widely used to improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the effect of grafting on the resistance of chrysanthemum to aphids remains unclear. Therefore, we used the RNA-Seq platform to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly to analyze the self-rooted grafted chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium T. 'Hangbaiju') and the grafted Artermisia-chrysanthemum (grafted onto Artemisia scoparia W.) transcription response to aphid stress. RESULTS: The results showed that there were 1337 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 680 were upregulated and 667 were downregulated, in the grafted Artemisia-chrysanthemum compared to the self-rooted grafted chrysanthemum. These genes were mainly involved in sucrose metabolism, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the plant hormone signaling pathway and the plant-to-pathogen pathway. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses revealed the coordinated upregulation of these genes from numerous functional categories related to aphid stress responses. In addition, we determined the physiological indicators of chrysanthemum under aphid stress, and the results were consistent with the molecular sequencing results. All evidence indicated that grafting chrysanthemum onto A. scoparia W. upregulated aphid stress responses in chrysanthemum. CONCLUSION: In summary, our study presents a genome-wide transcript profile of the self-rooted grafted chrysanthemum and the grafted Artemisia-chrysanthemum and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of C. morifolium T. in response to aphid infestation. These data will contribute to further studies of aphid tolerance and the exploration of new candidate genes for chrysanthemum molecular breeding.

Feeding rumen-protected gamma-aminobutyric acid enhances the immune response and antioxidant status of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rumen-protected gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on immune function and antioxidant status in heat-stressed dairy cows. Sixty Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments according to a completely randomized block design. The treatments consisted of 0 (control), 40, 80, or 120mg of GABA/kg DM from rumen-protected GABA. The trial lasted 10 weeks. The average temperature-humidity indices at 0700, 1400 and 2200h were 78.4, 80.2 and 78.7, respectively. Rectal temperatures decreased linearly at 0700, 1400, and 2200h with increasing GABA. As the GABA increased, the immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG contents and the proportions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes increased linearly (P<0.05), whereas concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased linearly (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) increased linearly (P<0.05), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing GABA. These results indicate that rumen-protected GABA supplementation to heat-stressed dairy cows can improve their immune function and antioxidant activity.

Co-prescription of aripiprazole on prolactin levels in long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients with co-morbid type 2 diabetes: A retrospective clinical study.

Background: One of the most frequent side effects of atypical antipsychotics is hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), and metformin or aripiprazole co-prescription is regarded as an effective therapy option for reducing prolactin (PRL) levels. However, whether either of the two drugs can reduce PRL levels in patients with long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with co-morbid type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has not been adequately reported. Methods: In our study, long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients with co-T2DM who were prescribed olanzapine or risperidone as the primary antipsychotic medication were enrolled. A total of 197 of these cases with co-prescribed aripiprazole were set up as the study group (co-Ari group), and the other 204 cases without co-prescribed aripiprazole were set up as the control group (non-Ari group). The two groups' variations in each target parameter were compared, and the variables affecting PRL levels were examined. Results: Compared to the non-Ari group, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher in the co-Ari group, but there was no difference in PRL levels. Co-prescribing aripiprazole had no impact on PRL levels in all patients with co-T2DM, and aripiprazole dose had no impact on PRL levels in the clinical subgroup of the co-Ari group. Conclusion: Aripiprazole not only worsened the severity of index disturbances associated to metabolism in long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients with co-T2DM on metformin-based hypoglycemic medications but also failed to lower PRL levels.

Association of dietary pattern and Tibetan featured foods with high-altitude polycythemia in Naqu, Tibet: A 1:2 individual-matched case-control study.

This study focused on the association of dietary patterns and Tibetan featured foods with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) in Naqu, Tibet, to explore the risk factors of HAPC in Naqu, Tibet, to raise awareness of the disease among the population and provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment interventions. A 1:2 individual-matched case-control study design was used to select residents of three villages in the Naqu region of Tibet as the study population. During the health examination and questionnaire survey conducted from December 2020 to December 2021, a sample of 1,171 cases was collected. And after inclusion and exclusion criteria and energy intake correction, 100 patients diagnosed with HAPC using the "Qinghai criteria" were identified as the case group, while 1,059 patients without HAPC or HAPC -related diseases were identified as the control group. Individuals were matched by a 1:2 propensity score matching according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), length of residence, working altitude, smoking status, and alcohol status. Dietary patterns were determined by a principal component analysis, and the scores of study subjects for each dietary pattern were calculated. The effect of dietary pattern scores and mean daily intake (g/day) of foods in the Tibetan specialty diet on the prevalence of HAPC was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. After propensity score matching, we found three main dietary patterns among residents in Naqu through principal component analysis, which were a "high protein pattern," "snack food pattern," and "vegetarian food pattern." All three dietary patterns showed a high linear association with HAPC (p < 0.05) and were risk factors for HAPC. In the analysis of the relationship between Tibetan featured foods and the prevalence of HAPC, the results of the multifactorial analysis following adjustment for other featured foods showed that there was a positive correlation between the average daily intake of tsampa and the presence of HAPC, which was a risk factor. Additionally, there was an inverse correlation between the average daily intake of ghee tea and the presence of HAPC, which was a protective factor.

Effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of chry-santhemum seedlings under high temperature stress.

We examined the effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the resistance of Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Jinba' to high temperature stress. Chrysanthemum leaves were sprayed with 200 µmol·L-1MT, and then subjected to high temperature stress at 40 ℃ (day)/ 35 ℃ (night). The ultrastructure of chloroplast and thylakoid of chrysanthemum leaves were observed, and the photosynthetic and physiological indices were measured. The results showed that the chloroplast and thyla-koid structures of chrysanthemum were damaged under high temperature stress. The chlorophyll contents and maximum fluorescence (Fm) were significantly reduced, while the OJIP curve changed with the fluorescence of K and J points increased. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (gs) were significantly decreased, while the internal CO2 concentration (Ci) was significantly increased. The relative conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmotic adjustment substances content and antioxidant enzyme activity all increased significantly. Spraying exogenous MT onto leaves could maintain the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structure under high temperature in chrysanthemum and significantly decrease the increment in the K and J points of OJIP curve. Exogenous application of MT alleviated the inhibition of high temperature stress on photosynthesis and fluorescence of chrysanthemum, as indicated by significantly higher Fm, Pn, gs, Tr and photosynthetic pigment contents and lower Ci. Exogenous MT also significantly reduced the REC, MDA and ROS contents of chrysanthemum under high temperature stress, and enhanced the osmotic adjustment substances content and antioxidant enzyme activity in chrysanthemum leaves. It suggested that exogenous MT could protect the integrity of chloroplast structure of chrysanthemum leaves, enhance photosynthesis, inhibit the excessive production of ROS in the plants under high temperature stress, improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme system, reduce the level of membrane peroxidation and keep the integrity of lipid membrane, and thus improve the ability of chrysanthemum plants to resist high temperature stress.

Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires.

Dietary pattern is quite distinct among the inhabitants of high-altitude areas because of environmental and geographical uniqueness; hence, it is important to investigate this data as accurately as possible. However, very few data are related to these populations up to now. Based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the Chinese population, a revised Tibetan edition was developed with respect to the lifestyle in high-altitude areas. After assessment of validity and reproducibility, a nutrition intake survey was conducted among 1,071 randomly sampled Tibetan people. In addition, the Bland-Altman approach was used to compare the agreement between the two dietary tools. For the reproducibility analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to examine the agreement of food groups and nutrients from the two FFQs (FFQ1 and FFQ2). Nutrient intake was calculated using food composition tables. For the validity analysis, Pearson's correlation of food groups intakes varied from 0.22 to 0.91 (unadjusted). The correlations of nutrients ranged from 0.24 to 0.76 (unadjusted). In the analysis of reliability, the ICC of food groups varied from 0.27 to 0.70 (unadjusted). The ICC of nutrient intakes ranged from 0.22 to 0.87 (unadjusted). The results of nutritional analysis showed that ~25% of foods consumed frequently were traditional Tibetan foods. However, traditional Han foods were frequently consumed. In addition, the energy, iron, and protein intakes for male or female subjects were close to the Chinese Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake (Chinese DRIs); however, fat and sodium intakes were significantly higher than the Chinese DRIs. Interestingly, lower intakes of other types of nutrition, such as vitamin C were detected in people living in high-altitude areas. Our data indicated that excess consumption of fat and sodium and insufficient intake of vitamin C were common among Tibetan people, as compared with the most Chinese people living in the plateau areas. More investigations are needed to reveal the association between the food intake style and high-altitude endemic diseases.

[Effect of methyl jasmonate on aphid resistance of chrysanthemum.] / èŒ‰èŽ‰é ¸ç”²é ¯å¯¹èŠèŠ±æŠ—èšœæ€§çš„å½±å“.

We examined the effects of methyl jasmonate on aphid resistance of Chrysanthemum 'Hangbai'. Leaves of chrysanthemum cuttings were sprayed by methyl jasmonic with different concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mmol·L-1) and then inoculated with the aphids Macrosiphoniella sanborni. The following parameters are measured, including protective enzymes activities, defense enzyme activities, osmotic substances, secondary metabolites, and key genes of the jasmonic signaling pathway. The relationship between aphid resistance and the jasmonic signaling pathway in chrysanthemum was probed. The results showed that, under the treatments of all the five concentrations of methyl jasmonic, the activities of leaf protective enzymes and defense enzymes as well as the contents of secondary metabolite were increased in Chrysanthemum, whereas the contents of malondialdehyde and soluble sugar were reduced. Moreover, exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment induced the expression of CmAOS and CmCOI1, enhanced the content of endogenous jasmonic acid and the aphid resistance of chrysanthemum.

[Effects of low temperature- and weak light stress and its recovery on the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cut flower chrysanthemum].

The cut flower chrysanthemum 'Jinba' was respectively treated with lower temperature and weaker light (16 degrees C/ 12 degrees C, PFD 100 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)) and critical low temperature and weak light (12 degrees C/8 degrees C, PFD 60 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)) for 11 days, and then transferred to normal condition (22 degrees C/18 degrees C, PFD 450 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)) for 11 days, aimed to study the low temperature- and weak light stress and its recovery on the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of chrysanthemum leaves. Under the stress of lower temperature and weaker light, the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) and stomatal limitation (L(s)) of chrysanthemum leaves decreased while the intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)) increased, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II (F(v)/F(m)) in dark and the initial fluorescence (F(o)) had no obvious change, but the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II (F(v)'/F(m)') in light increased after an initial decrease. Contrarily, under the stress of critical low temperature and weak light, the F(o) increased, and the F(v)/F(m) and F(v)'/F(m)' decreased significantly. The quantum yield of PS II electron transport (phi(PS II)), photochemical quenching (q(p)), and apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR) of chrysanthemum leaves decreased with increasing stress and time, and recovered quickly after the release of lower temperature- and weaker light stress but more slowly after the release of critical low temperature- and weak light stress. At the same time, the photochemistry react rate (Prate) decreased, but the hot dissipation of antenna (Drate) and the energy dissipation of PS II (Ex) increased under the stress conditions. Drate was the main pathway of superfluous light allocation.

[Effects of high temperature stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of cut flower chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora 'Jinba')].

Cut flower chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandflora 'Jinba') plants were treated with 40 degrees C/35 degrees C or 33 degrees C/28 degrees C (day/night) for 11 days and then transferred to 23 degrees C/18 degrees C for 5 days to study the changes in their photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters under high temperature stress and normal temperature recovery. The results showed that on the 5th day of 33 degrees C/28 degrees C treatment, net photosynthesis (P(n)) decreased gradually and stomatal conductance (G(s)) decreased evidently; while after recovery for 5 days, both P(n) and G(s) resumed to 80% of the control. At 40 degrees C/35 degrees C, P(n) and G(s) decreased dramatically. The increase of intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)) at the early stage under given high temperatures showed that the photosynthesis inhibition by high temperature stress was resulted from non-stomatal limitations. However, 9 days later, stomatal limitation became the mainly cause of photosynthesis inhibition. The intrinsic photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)), quantum yield of PS II (phi(PS II), and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PS II reaction center (F(v)'/F(m)') at 33 degrees C/28 degrees C and 40 degrees C/35 degrees C all decreased, with antenna heat dissipation increased, indicating that reaction center was protected by decreased light capture and efficiency of electron transfer through PS II. The photochemical quenching (q(p)) at 33 degrees C/28 degrees C descended first and turned to rise then, suggesting that the electron transfer was firstly restrained by the stress. Contrastively, q(p) rose continuously at 40 degrees C/35 degrees C, indicating that oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) was the location in chrysanthemum photosynthesis apparatus most sensitive to extreme high temperature.

[Effects of exogenous Ca2+ on leaf photosynthetic apparatus and active oxygen scavenging enzyme system of chrysanthemum under high temperature stress].

Taking cut flower chrysanthemum 'Jinba' as test material, the effects of exogenous Ca2+ on its photosynthetic system and antioxidant enzyme activities under high temperature stress were investigated, with the possible action mechanisms of Ca2+ discussed. The results showed that under high temperature stress, Ca2+ addition greatly inhibited the net photosynthesis rate (P(n)) and quantum yield of PS II electron transport (phi(PS II)). After 24 h treatment, the P(n) and psi(PS II) were increased by 31.11% and 21.88% , respectively, and the initial fluorescence (F(o)) decreased by 13.19%, compare with the control. Ca2+ addition also greatly enhanced the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and thus, the active oxygen was scavenged timely. After 24 h treatment, the MDA accumulation and REC were 29.20% and 35.81% lower than the control, respectively. In conclusion, Ca2+ addition could efficiently protect chrysanthemum leaves from the damage in photosynthetic apparatus under short-term high temperature stress.