RESUMO
We studied the effect of collagen fragments (PGP and AcPGP) on serum content of epinephrine, corticosterone, and IL-1ß in rats subjected to water-immersion stress. The degree of local inflammation accompanying ulceration was assessed by IL-1ß production by ln. gastricus caudalis cells. In 1 h, the sharp increase in hormone concentrations in the blood of stressed animals reflected the high stress intensity. Intranasal administration of PGP reduced the area of stress-induced ulcers by 63%, prevented the increase in the levels of stress hormones and the main proinflammatory cytokine in rat blood. The concentrations of IL-1ß in cell culture from regional lymph node of experimental animals returned to normal in 24 and 48 h after the stress. Acetylation of PGP prevents with gastroprotection, but does not abrogate other properties of the peptide.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Sistema Imunitário/metabolismo , Sistemas Neurossecretores/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Animais , Corticosterona/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologiaRESUMO
The review is devoted to the mechanism of duodenal motility activation caused by sympathetic nerves. The authors havefound that stimulation of the sympathetic trunk in the thoracic cavity in dogs in most cases provide not inhibitory but excitatory motor responses of the duodenum. Excitatory effects were eliminated during 5HT-receptors blockade by promedol and lysergol. Analysis ofpublications showed that sympathetic trunk contains serotoninergic fibers, providing excitatory motor responses of the duodenum to electrical nerve stimulation. According to histochemical and physiological studies, amount of serotonergic fibers in the sympathetic trunk is several times more than the adrenergic. This means that the body has sertoninergic nerves. Serotoninergic nerve as well as the sympathetic is a collective notion. There are: sympathetic trunks, their ramifications and branches that innervate the internal organs. Since promedol blocks serotonergic nerves, this is plausible cause of constipation in patients after surgical treatment along with the application of this drug.
Assuntos
Duodeno , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/fisiologia , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Animais , Cães , Duodeno/inervação , Duodeno/fisiologia , Duodeno/fisiopatologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologiaRESUMO
The review contains an analysis of literature data on enhancement mechanisms of duodenum contractions arising during stimulation of the sympathetic trunk in the right thoracic cavity in dogs. It is established in experiments that There are mostly enhancement, not relaxation of the organ contraction occured. In this case the stimulatory effect due to the excitation of the parasympathetic fibers is excluded. The trimeperedin inhibit the serotonin receptors of autonomic ganglia neurons stimulatory activity during the nerve stimulation. It is concluded that the sympathetic trunk contain the preganglionic serotonergic nerve fibers, whose activation leads to increased bowel contractions. Direct adipinate-serotonin administration increased the bowel contraction that confirm the preganglionic serotonergic nerve fibers presence in the sympathetic trunk. The practical significance of these studies is that the new approach to the development of pharmacological agents to stimulate the motility of the gastrointestinal tract was found. The trimeperedin may inhibit the serotoninergic nerves activity that resulted in the perioperative constipation in surgical patients. Practical recommendation to exclude trimeperedin in preparing the patient for surgery to prevent perioperative constipation is formulated.
Assuntos
Duodeno/inervação , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Liso/inervação , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Animais , Duodeno/fisiologia , Humanos , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Promedol/farmacologia , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/metabolismoRESUMO
Serotonergic mechanisms are involved in many, if not all digestive functions of the gastrointestinal tract. A special role is played by serotoninergic structures in the neuronal control of motor activity. The study of these structures is of particular interest due to the widespread occurrence of irritable bowel syndrome, covering up to 20% of the adult population, which makes the research in this area up to date and in demand. Acute experiments were performed on 102 Wistar rats in 6 series. Experiments were carried out under general anesthesia (Nembutal, 60 mg/kg) and mechanical lung ventilation. Motor responses of the stomach, duodenum and ascending colon were studied to i.a. Serotonin adipate infusion (1 mg/kg) during joint blockade of sympathetic and parasympathetic chains of ANS, as well as on the background of the blockade of various 5-HT-receptors. Infusions of 5-HT-blockers reduce the magnitude of motor responses in stomach, duodenum and colon in varying degrees. Based on these data found 5-HT(1b)-receptors are mainly located in enteric neurons. The distribution of 5-HT(2b-4)-receptor is heterogeneous: 5-HT(2b)-receptors are located in enteric neurons of the stomach and intestinal myocytes; 5-HT3-receptors localized in the ganglia supplying the stomach and colon and 5-HT4-receptors are mainly located in the smooth muscle of the stomach, duodenal and ascendent colon enteric neurons.
Assuntos
Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Serotonina/farmacologia , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Trato Gastrointestinal/inervação , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of the difference between 3 means of sleep latency (SL) during falling asleep: accompanied by audio stimulus embedded with binaural beats (BB); after listening to suggestive body relaxation instructions; accompanied by audio stimulus embedded with BB after listening to suggestive body relaxation instructions (that is the combination of 1 and 2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the purpose of the study, a special Android application was developed and installed on the subjects' individual smartphones. The application assumed screen tapping test to control for fall-asleep process. The data of 63 subjects presented with the 3 types of sound stimuli mentioned above in a counterbalanced scheme were analyzed. RESULTS: Statistical analysis confirmed the initial hypothesis about the dependence of LS on the type of sound stimulus (p<0.05). Pairwise SL comparison showed reliable difference between stimuli (3) - 1149±113 s, and (1) - 1469±89 s (p<0.01). SL for the stimulus (2) had an intermediate value of 1269±112 s (difference from (1) at a trend level). CONCLUSION: The use of background sound embedded with BBs enhances the effect of suggestive instructions to improve sleep. But it is the suggestion as a psychotherapeutic technique that is determinant.
Assuntos
Estimulação Acústica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Latência do Sono/fisiologia , Sono/fisiologia , Som , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test on a large group of subjects the hypothesis that sleep latency (SL) does not depend on the nature of low-frequency beats embedded into monotonous sound stimulus supplied through the fall-asleep process. Specifically, it does not depend on whether those beats are monaural (MB) or binaural (BB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A special application for Android OS was developed and installed on the individual smartphones of 221 subjects for the purpose of the study. Three attempts were performed with each of them using 3 different kinds of monotonous sound supplied according to counterbalanced design. Three kinds of sound were identical in pitch but differed in the beat presence and type: BB, MB or sham (sound without beats). RESULTS: Repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) revealed no significant statistical effect of stimulus type on SL (p=0.21). A pairwise comparison of SL for different stimulation conditions showed the null hypothesis significance level adjusted according to multiple comparison correction to be p=1.0. Thus, in this experiment SL did not significantly depend on the monotonous sound stimulus type: MB, BB, or sham. CONCLUSION: The software application developed is useful as universal platform to assess at home conditions the impact of various external factors on fall-asleep process.
Assuntos
Latência do Sono , Humanos , Estimulação AcústicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the objectivity of measuring the level of sleepiness in the subjects using a monotonous psychomotor bimanual tapping test developed by us, performed on mobile devices running Android OS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-four hour-long experiments with the performance of a psychomotor test were conducted on 102 students. Using the method of mixed linear models, correlations between the levels of sleepiness according to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the behavioral indicators of the test were evaluated. RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations between the increase in KSS scores and such indicators as a decrease in the total number of button taps and an increase in the frequency of «microsleep¼ episodes are shown. Statistically significant correlations of ESS score characteristics with the behavioral indicators of the test were not found. CONCLUSION: A large statistical material shows a reliable correlation of the parameters of the psychomotor test with the level of sleepiness on the Karolinska scale, which allows using the mobile application developed by us to determine the current level of sleepiness /alertness in the field.
Assuntos
Sonolência , Vigília , Humanos , Atenção , Desempenho PsicomotorRESUMO
Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve in the thoracic cavity often does not inhibit, but increases stomach contractions in dogs. Blockade of α- and ß-adrenoceptors potentiates this stimulatory effect, while blockade of S(1,2)-receptors localized mainly in smooth muscle cells eliminates it. It is concluded that sympathetic nerve includes serotonergic fibers stimulating gastric motility.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Fibras Adrenérgicas/fisiologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/fisiologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Cães , Estimulação Elétrica , Ergolinas , Fentolamina/administração & dosagem , Fentolamina/farmacologia , Propranolol/administração & dosagem , Propranolol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Stimulation of sympathetic nerve in anesthetized dogs not treated with adrenergic blockers more frequently exerted stimulating rather than inhibitory effect on duodenal motility. Blockade of α- and ß-adrenoceptors with phentolamine and propranolol, respectively, did not prevent the excitatory action of the sympathetic nerve stimulation, but even potentiated this effect. The data showed that catecholamines as well as α- and ß-adrenoceptors are not involved in the excitatory effect of sympathetic origin.
Assuntos
Fibras Adrenérgicas/fisiologia , Duodeno/fisiologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta/metabolismo , Fibras Adrenérgicas/metabolismo , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Tosilato de Bretílio/farmacologia , Catecolaminas , Cães , Duodeno/inervação , Duodeno/metabolismo , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Masculino , Fentolamina/farmacologia , Propranolol/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test hypothesis that music embedded with binaural beats can boost activity of parasympathetic part of autonomic nervous system (PPANS) with the development of nap. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The power of high-frequency component of heart rate variability spectrum computed on successive 2-minute intervals during 20-minute nap was a comparison criterion. The criterion was compared during nap accompanied by music with embedded binaural beats (stimulus condition) and nap in silence (control condition). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Statistical comparison revealed the increase of PPANS activity during nap in stimulus condition vs. control condition. It is consistent with conclusions of other papers about positive effect of sound stimuli embedded with binaural beats on PPANS.
Assuntos
Música , Estimulação Acústica , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Frequência Cardíaca , HumanosRESUMO
Acute experiments with dogs showed that irritation of the sympathetic trunk in the thoracic cavity is more likely to amplify than inhibit duodenal contractions. This stimulating effect is better seen with alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors blocked by phentolamine hydrochloride and inderal and cannot be eliminated with dizergol used to block S1,2 receptors of the cellular membranes in smooth muscles. On the evidence and literary data it was deduced that the sympathetic trunk contains some serotoninergic nervous fibers potent to stimulate contractions of the duodenum.
Assuntos
Fibras Adrenérgicas/fisiologia , Duodeno/inervação , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Receptores de Serotonina/fisiologia , Fibras Adrenérgicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Cães , Duodeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Ergolinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Músculo Liso/inervação , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Fentolamina/farmacologia , Estimulação Física , Pressão , Propranolol/farmacologia , Receptores Adrenérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Adrenérgicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Estimulação QuímicaRESUMO
Stimulation of the sympathetic stem chest portion induces enhancement rather than suppression of gastric contractions. The activating effect is more obvious under conditions of the alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors blockade with phenolamine and obsidan, and eliminated with the smooth muscle serotoninoreceptors blocking agent lisergol. The findings suggest that the sympathetic stem includes some serotoninergic neural fibres exerting a strong effect upon gastric and intestinal contractions. A previously unknown serotoninergic part of the vegetative nervous system controlling the internal organs functions, seems to exist in the organism.