Cardiovascular Risk Factors Drive Impaired Fasting Glucose to Type 2 Diabetes: Findings After a 9-Year Follow-Up in the PURE Study in Poland.

This study aimed to evaluate the role of risk factors included in the Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (CHD) in the development of type 2 diabetes (DM) in patients with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) after a 9-year follow-up. The research was part of the Polish insight into the international Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The cohort consisted of 283 subjects aged 54.3 ± 8.9 years who were diagnosed with IFG at baseline and then completed after a 9-year follow-up. The main risk factors for both CHD and DM evaluated were smoking, arterial hypertension, abnormal lipid profile, and family medical history. Most participants had both untreated or poorly controlled hypertension and dyslipidemia. Those who developed full-fledged DM over time were older and had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, lipid parameters, and mean blood pressure records. In conclusion, we confirmed that early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and hypertension, along with the treatment optimization of these conditions, could prevent or reduce the risk of DM and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The study highlighted a large-scale problem of the modifiable risk factors that could jeopardize the health status in patients with IFG in the long range and pointed to targeted preventive measures.

Anthropometric Indices as Long-Term Predictors of Diabetes in Impaired Fasting Glucose Metabolism: Findings in the PURE Study in Poland.

This study aimed to assess the predictive value of anthropometric measurements in impaired fasting glucose progression to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after 9 years of follow-up in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study run in Poland. The study group consisted of 283 patients aged 54.3 ± 8.9 years who had impaired fasting glucose at baseline and completed a 9-year-long follow-up. We analyzed body weight, height, waist (WC) and hip (HC) circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and body adiposity index (BAI). Most individuals were overweight or obese according to BMI. Obesity occurred more often in men than women. The analysis highlighted the following three anthropometric parameters WHtR, BMI, and WC, each having equally good predictive power concerning the development of full-fledged T2DM in people with impaired fasting glucose. In conclusion, we confirmed the distinct harmfulness of obesity and pointed out the potential of easy-measured anthropometric parameters to self-control the risk of passing the impaired fasting glucose into T2DM.

The Natural Course of Impaired Fasting Glucose.

Impaired glucose regulation, including diabetes and prediabetes, poses a huge global problem not only in health but also in the epidemiological and economic areas. These disorders are often detected too late or remain unrecognized. The article aims to provide a review of the prevalence, etiology, and natural history of impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We focus on the progression of isolated IFG to full-fledged type 2 diabetes and the factors conducive to the development of diabetes. The knowledge about it could help design an optimal management program for the prevention of diabetes in patients with IFG; a program that would be patient-tailored and based on the underlying pathophysiology.