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Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic appliances. Silver-coated orthodontic materials have emerged as a promising solution, leveraging the potent antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antibacterial coatings are used in orthodontics to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms. This systematic review evaluated the literature on antimicrobial silver coatings on fixed orthodontic appliances, including archwires, brackets, and microimplants. Two evaluators, working independently, rigorously conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. This systematic review comprehensively examined in vitro studies investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-coated orthodontic archwires, brackets, and microimplants. The review registered in PROSPERO CRD42024509189 synthesized findings from 18 diverse studies, revealing consistent and significant reductions in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and colony counts with the incorporation of AgNPs. Key studies demonstrated the effectiveness of silver-coated archwires and brackets against common oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Microimplants coated with AgNPs also exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms. The systematic review revealed potential mechanisms underlying these antimicrobial effects, highlighted implications for infection prevention in orthodontic practice, and suggested future research avenues. Despite some study heterogeneity and limitations, the collective evidence supports the potential of silver-coated orthodontic materials in mitigating bacterial complications, emphasizing their relevance in advancing infection control measures in orthodontics.
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Biofilmes , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Braquetes Ortodônticos , Prata , Prata/farmacologia , Humanos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Braquetes Ortodônticos/microbiologia , Fios Ortodônticos/microbiologia , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Fixos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Information regarding masticatory muscle function in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is limited. As a consequence, research on masticatory muscle activity in cleft subjects is needed. AIM: To assess masticatory muscle activity in children surgically treated for CLP as well as identify the possible factors associated with this activity. DESIGN: The sample comprised 82 children with mixed dentition and Class I occlusions (25 children with unilateral CLP and 57 subjects with no cleft abnormalities). A DAB-Bluetooth Instrument (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) was used to take electromyographical (EMG) recordings of the temporal and masseter muscles both in the mandibular rest position and during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). RESULTS: Patients with clefts showed a significant increase in temporal muscle activity at rest compared with the controls. The presence of clefts and unilateral posterior crossbites are factors strongly associated with increased temporal muscle EMG potentials during rest position. CONCLUSIONS: Children with clefts have altered temporal muscle function. The presence of posterior crossbites affects the temporal muscle activity in cleft subjects. Early diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of malocclusions are necessary to achieve functional improvement in these patients.
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Fenda Labial/fisiopatologia , Fissura Palatina/fisiopatologia , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Má Oclusão Classe I de Angle/fisiopatologia , Músculo Masseter/fisiopatologia , Mastigação/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Temporal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of thermography in identifying patients with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 50 patients (27 women and 23 men) ages 19.2 to 24.5 years (mean age 22.43±1.04) with subjective symptoms of TMD (Ai II-III) and 50 patients (25 women and 25 men) ages 19.3 to 25.1 years (mean age 22.21±1.18) with no subjective symptoms of TMD (Ai I). The anamnestic interviews were conducted according to the three-point anamnestic index of temporomandibular dysfunction (Ai). The thermography was performed using a ThermaCAM TMSC500 (FLIR Systems AB, Sweden) independent thermal vision system. Thermography was closely combined with a 10-min chewing test. RESULTS: The results of our study indicated that the absolute difference in temperature between the right and left side (ΔT) has the highest diagnostic value. The diagnostic effectiveness of this parameter increased after the chewing test. The cut-off points for values of temperature differences between the right and left side and identifying 95.5% of subjects with no functional disorders according to the temporomandibular dysfunction index Di (specificity 95.5%) were 0.26°C (AUC=0.7422, sensitivity 44.3%, accuracy 52.4%) before the chewing test and 0.52°C (AUC=0.7920, sensitivity 46.4%, accuracy 56.3%) after it. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of thermography demonstrated its diagnostic usefulness in identifying patients with TMD with limited effectiveness. The chewing test helped in increasing the diagnostic efficiency of thermography in identifying patients with TMD.
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Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico , Termografia/métodos , Área Sob a Curva , Temperatura Corporal , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mastigação/fisiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Termografia/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Electromyography (EMG) is the most objective tool for assessing changes in the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the tone of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in growing children before and after 6 months of treatment with functional removable orthodontic appliances. MATERIAL/METHODS: The sample conisted of 51 patients with a mean age 10.7 years with Class II malocclusion. EMG recordings were performed by using a DAB-Bluetooth instrument (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany). Recordings were performed in mandibular rest position, during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and during maximum effort. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated that the electrical activity of the muscles in each of the clinical situations was the same in the group of girls and boys. The factor that determined the activity of the muscles was their type. In mandibular rest position and in MVC, the activity of the temporalis muscles was significantly higher that that of the masseter muscels. The maximum effort test indicated a higher fatigue in masseter than in temporalis muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Surface electromyography is a useful tool for monitoring muscle activity. A 6-month period of functional therapy resulted in changes in the activity of the masticatory muscles.
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Eletromiografia/métodos , Músculos da Mastigação/patologia , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Criança , Eletrodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Masseter/patologia , Contração Muscular , Músculos/patologia , Fatores Sexuais , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age and gender on the incidence of calcification in laryngeal cartilage diagnosed on lateral cephalometric radiographs routinely taken for orthodontic diagnosis. The lateral cephalometric radiographs of 957 patients who met the study criteria were analyzed from among the 1000 lateral radiographs originally collected. The images were evaluated independently by two investigators. Given the dichotomous dependent variable (calcification or no calcification), a mixed logistic regression model was used to test how age and gender affected calcification. The effect of age and gender reliably determined the likelihood of laryngeal cartilage calcification. The greatest differences in the degree of calcification by gender were found at ages 20-25 years. The degree of calcification increased with age, reaching 100% in women at age 30 and in men at age 50. In women, the degree of calcification was higher than in men from the age of 13 years and levelled off at the age of 50 years. The interrater agreement was strong k = 0.97, z = 30.0, p < .001. Calcification can be detected by orthodontists trained in lateral cephalogram analysis and can be used as a screening or diagnostic tool to detect calcified areas in the larynx.
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Calcinose , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/epidemiologia , Radiografia , Cefalometria , Cartilagens Laríngeas , CartilagemRESUMO
Background: Surface electromyography (sEMG) can provide an objective and quantitative image of the functional state of neuromuscular balance in the stomatognathic system. The objective of this systematic review is to examine current scientific evidence regarding the effects of orthodontic treatment on muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in children. Methods: The search strategy included the PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. The inclusion criteria were studies assessing EMG muscle activity in children undergoing orthodontic treatment compared with untreated children. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB2) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The quality of evidence assessment was performed using GRADE analysis. The PRISMA diagram visually represented the search strategy, as well as screening and inclusion process. Results: The search strategy identified 540 potential articles. Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were judged at a low risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was rated as moderate to low, according to the GRADE criteria. Studies showed alterations in EMG muscle activity in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment appears to affect muscle activity in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. However, the quality of evidence is low and, therefore, it is not possible to definitively state this effect. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm the findings of this review. Study protocol number in PROSPERO database: CRD42023491005.
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Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a set of painful conditions affecting the orofacial region that are prevalent and constitute the most frequent type of non-dental pain complaint in the maxillofacial area. Pain-related TMD (TMD-P) is characterized by ongoing pain in the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, or surrounding structures. Due to the multiple factors that contribute to the development of this condition, it can be challenging to accurately diagnose. One of the useful method for assessing patients with TMD-P is surface electromyography (sEMG). The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on the evaluation of masticatory muscle activity (MMA) in individuals diagnosed with TMD-P, through the utilization of sEMG. Methods: To gather relevant information, electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched using specific keywords including: "pain" AND ("temporomandibular disorder*" OR "temporomandibular dysfunction*") AND "surface electromyography" AND "masticatory muscle activity." The inclusion criteria were studies assessing MMA in patients with TMD-P using sEMG. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was utilized to evaluate the quality of the studies that were included in the review. Results: The search strategy identified 450 potential articles. Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Global quality rating for significant part of the articles was weak. Most studies showed greater sEMG activity of the masseter (MM) and temporal anterior (TA) muscles at rest in TMD-P subjects than in the asymptomatic controls, while the MM and TA muscles were less active in the pain-related TMD group compared to the non-TMD group during maximal voluntary clenching (MVC). Conclusion: There were differences in MMA in the TMD-pain population compared to a healthy control group during various tasks. The diagnostic efficacy of surface electromyography in assessing individuals with TMD-P remains unclear.
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BACKGROUND: Cleft in the lip and/or palate (CLP) is a congenital facial deformity that significantly impacts the oral cavity's structure and function. This malformation can affect the oral microbiota. The objective of this systematic review was to examine and consolidate the current scientific evidence on the oral microflora in children with CLP. METHODS: The search strategy included the PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. The inclusion criteria were studies assessing oral microbiota in children with CLP. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 422 potential articles. Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. High heterogeneity was observed in methodologies, sample sites, and patient characteristics. Eight studies assessed the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in saliva, with some reporting significantly higher levels in the cleft group compared to controls, while others found no differences. One study reported a significantly higher colonization rate of Candida species in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. CONCLUSION: The results of the available studies are unclear. Further research is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the oral microbiota and potential implications for oral health management in this population. The review was not registered Registration Statement.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment with removable appliances on the growth of Candida spp. in children undergoing orthodontic treatment. The study included 60 patients of equal numbers as to gender from the orthodontics department of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. All patients were aged 6-12 years and were qualified for orthodontic treatment with removable appliances. The following examinations were performed on the day of treatment initiation (T1) and 6 months after the start of treatment (T2); a collection of oral swabs for culture on Sabouraud's medium and the identification of fungal colonies using the VITEK®2 YST. At T1, 42 (70%) subjects, were free of Candida, while after 6 months of treatment, the number decreased to 25 (41.67%). Two types of fungi, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, predominated in the test performed at T1. The study at T2 showed that C. albicans most frequently colonized the oral cavity in 23 children (38.33%). Three new strains C. dubliniensis, C. kefyr, and C. krusei were identified at T2. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the culture results and the age of the patient at T2. Patients older than 9 years had significantly more positive tests. Orthodontic treatment with removable appliances contributes to increased oral colonization by Candida spp.
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Candida , Boca , Humanos , Criança , Projetos Piloto , Boca/microbiologia , Candida albicans , Polônia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The study assessed masticatory muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in both children diagnosed with pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMD-P) and awake bruxism (AB) and in children without TMD, as well as the diagnostic value of surface electromyography (sEMG) in diagnosing TMD-P in subjects with AB. After evaluation based on the Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), 30 children diagnosed with myofascial pain were included in the myofascial pain group and 30 children without TMD diagnosis comprised the control group (mean age of 9.49 ± 1.34 years). The activity of the anterior temporal (TA) and masseter (MM) muscle was assessed bilaterally using a DAB-Bluetooth device (zebris Medical GmBH, Germany) at rest and during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the normalized sEMG data. Statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in TA and MM muscle EMG activity at rest and during MVC. Moderate degree of sEMG accuracy in discriminating between TMD-P and non-TMD children was observed for TAmean, left MM, and MMmean EMG muscle activity at rest. sEMG can be a useful tool in assessing myofascial TMD pain in patients with AB.
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Aligners are an example of how advances in dentistry can develop from innovative combinations of 3D technologies in imaging, planning and printing to provide new treatment modalities. With increasing demand for esthetic orthodontic treatment, aligners have grown in popularity because they are esthetically more pleasing and less obstructive to oral hygiene and other oral functions compared to fixed orthodontic appliances. To observe and estimate aligner treatment interest among Google Search users, Google Trends data were obtained and analyzed for the search term, "Invisalign". A prediction of interest for the year 2022 for three European Union countries with the highest GDP was developed. "Invisalign" was chosen to represent all orthodontic aligners as the most searched term in Google Trends for aligners. This is the first study to predict interest in the query "Invisalign" in a Google search engine. The Prophet algorithm, which depends on advanced statistical analysis methods, positions itself as an automatic prediction procedure and was used to predict Google Trends data. Seasonality modeling was based on the standard Fourier series to provide a flexible model of periodic effects. The results predict an increase in "Invisalign" in Google Trends queries in the coming year, increasing by around 6%, 9% and 13% by the end of 2022 compared to 2021 for France, Italy and Germany, respectively. Forecasting allows practitioners to plan for growing demand for particular treatments, consider taking continuing education, specifically, aligner certification courses, or introduce modern scanning technology into offices. The oral health community can use similar prediction tools and methods to remain alert to future changes in patient demand to improve the responses of professional organizations as a whole, work more effectively with governments if needed, and provide better coordination of care for patients.
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Análise de Dados , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Removíveis , França , Humanos , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Fixos , Ferramenta de BuscaRESUMO
This study assessed the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in both children with down syndrome (DS) and healthy children. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 patients aged between 7.9 and 11.8 years participated in the study. They were divided into two groups of 15: DS and non-DS. A DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) was used to record the electromyographical (EMG) activity of the right and left temporal and of the right and left masseter muscles at rest and during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC). The asymmetry index between right and left masticatory muscle EMG activity was calculated for each position. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to analyze the study results. There were no differences in the electrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles at rest between the groups. During MVC, the asymmetry index for the masseter muscles was significantly higher in subjects with DS. The electrical potentials of the temporal and masseter muscles in children with DS were significantly lower compared to the corresponding parameters for healthy children when clenching.
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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle both in children surgically treated for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) as well as in subjects without BCCLP. The study comprised 77 children aged 6.6 to 12.5 years. All the patients with clefts had previously undergone lip and palate surgery. The upper lip electromyographic (EMG) assessments were made with a DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest, while swallowing saliva, protruding lips and compressing lips. EMG measurements were also made when the subjects produced phonemes /p/, /b/, and /m/ with the vowel /a/. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to statistically analyze the EMG values. Significantly higher median upper lip EMG activity under working conditions such as swallowing saliva, lip compression, and production of the phoneme /p/ with the vowel /a/ was observed in patients with BCCLP compared to those without a cleft. The results of the study showed that the upper lip muscle activity increases in children with BCCLP when swallowing saliva, compressing lips and during some speech movement tasks. This may be important in the aspect of the effect of surgical lip repair on the craniofacial growth.
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This study aimed to analyze and predict interest in mental health-related queries created in Google Trends (GT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Google Trends tool collected data on the Google search engine interest and provided real-time surveillance. Five key phrases: "depression", "insomnia", "loneliness", "psychologist", and "psychiatrist", were studied for the period from 25 September 2016 to 19 September 2021. The predictions for the upcoming trend were carried out for the period from September 2021 to September 2023 and were estimated by a hybrid five-component model. The results show a decrease of interest in the search queries "depression" and "loneliness" by 15.3% and 7.2%, respectively. Compared to the period under review, an increase of 5.2% in "insomnia" expression and 8.4% in the "psychiatrist" phrase were predicted. The expression "psychologist" is expected to show an almost unchanged interest. The upcoming changes in the expressions connected with mental health might be explained by vaccination and the gradual removal of social distancing rules. Finally, the analysis of GT can provide a timely insight into the mental health interest of a population and give a forecast for a short period trend.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Ferramenta de BuscaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the electrical activity of the superior (SOO) and inferior (IOO) orbicularis oris muscles in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in children without DS. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 subjects were eligible to participate in the later stages of the research-15 subjects with DS (mean age 10.1 ± 1.1) and 15 healthy controls (mean age 9.8 ± 1.0). The electrical potentials of the SOO and IOO muscles were recorded using a DAB-Bluetooth electromyography machine (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) during the following tasks: At clinical rest, saliva swallowing, lip protrusion, lip compression, and production of the syllable/pa/. The Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare the study results between the groups. An analysis of the electromyographical (EMG) recordings showed that the electrical activity of the orbicularis oris muscle in children with DS and lip incompetence was significantly higher compared to healthy children during saliva swallowing, lip compression, and when producing the syllable/pa/, and this may suggest greater muscular effort due to the need to seal the lips during these functional conditions.
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OBJECTIVES: As part of this study, a comparative analysis of the temporal and masseter muscle electrical activity at rest and during mandible excursion positions (protrusion, laterotrusion and maximal occlusion) was performed among patients aged 21 to 68 years. METHODS: Each of three groups: opioid addicts, alcohol addicts and the control group - consisted of 30 individuals (90 individuals in total, including 37 females and 53 males). Electrodes were placed on the masseter venters and mandibular movements were executed: right/left lateral, protrusion, intercuspation, rest and MVC. Then the same routine was applied to the anterior parts of temporal muscles. RESULTS: Based on EMG data in alcohol addicts, higher electrical activity of masseters and temporal muscles was observed during the mandible excursions, compared to the control group. In comparison of opiate addicts to healthy controls, no statistical significance was observed in electrical activity of masseter and temporal muscles. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the conducted research, a conclusion can be drawn that alcohol addiction significantly affects the function of the largest muscles of the stomatognathic system.
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Músculo Masseter , Músculo Temporal , Assistência Odontológica , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MandíbulaRESUMO
Electromyography (EMG) is the most objective and reliable method available for imaging muscle function and efficiency, which is done by identifying their electrical potentials. In global surface electromyography (sEMG), surface electrodes are located on the surface of the skin, and it detects superimposed motor unit action potentials from many muscle fibers. sEMG is widely used in orthodontics and maxillofacial orthopaedics to diagnose and treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients, assess stomatognathic system dysfunctions in patients with malocclusions, and monitor orthodontic therapies. Information regarding muscle sEMG activity in subjects with congenital maxillofacial abnormalities is limited. For this reason, the aim of this review is to discuss the usefulness of surface electromyography as a method for diagnosing muscle function in patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. Original papers on this subject, published in English between 1995 until 2020, are located in the MEDLINE/PubMed database.
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Eletromiografia/métodos , Anormalidades Maxilofaciais/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Fenda Labial/diagnóstico por imagem , Fissura Palatina/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico por imagem , Eletrodos , Humanos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Musculoesqueléticos , Ortodontia , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate masticatory muscle electrical activity in patients with pain-related and pain-free temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) as well as in subjects with no TMD. Methods: Ninety children with mixed dentition were recruited to the study. Of this total, 30 subjects were diagnosed with pain-related TMD (TMD-P), 30 with pain-free TMD (TMD-PF), and 30 without TMD. We used Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) to assess the presence of TMD in the examined children. The electromyographical (EMG) potentials of the temporalis and masseter muscles were measured with a DAB-Bluetooth Instrument (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest and during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC). Results: An analysis of the EMG recordings showed statistically significant intergroup differences in masticatory muscle electrical activity at rest and during MVC. Significantly higher rest temporalis muscle activity was noted in pain-related TMD subjects compared with that children from the pain-free TMD and non-TMD groups, as well as in TMD-PF children in relation to those without TMD. The EMG potentials of the temporalis muscle during MVC were much lower in patients with TMD-P than in pain-free TMD and non-TMD subjects. Masseter muscle activity at rest in the TMD-pain group was significantly greater, and masseter muscle EMG potentials during clenching were markedly lower than in patients with no TMD diagnosis. Conclusion: The use of electromyography to assess masticatory muscle function revealed alterations in the pattern of temporalis and masseter muscle activity in patients with pain-related TMD compared with the pain-free subjects.
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Músculos da Mastigação/fisiopatologia , Dor/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Criança , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Dor/etiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicaçõesRESUMO
Interim crowns and partial fixed dental prosthesis materials generate exothermic heat during polymerization. The amount of heat transmitted to the pulp chamber can be a function of several factors, including the thickness and quality of the remaining dentin after crown preparation. The aim of this in vitro study was to measure with infrared thermography the temperature changes on the adjacent surface of the chamber roof of premolar teeth extracted from young and old patients (having different thicknesses of remaining dentin after crown preparation) during fabrication of provisional resinous restorations. Twenty extracted human first and second maxillary premolar teeth (10 from young patients, with a relatively large pulp chamber, and 10 from older patients, with a relatively small pulp chamber) were used. The roots were sectioned to expose the inner side of the chamber roof, and the crowns were provisionalized after preparation for a metal-ceramic crown. Two provisional materials, Turbo Temp 2 and Luxatemp Fluorescence, were used. Temperature changes on the inner side of the chamber roof were measured at 2-second intervals using an infrared thermal imaging camera. After completion of the temperature recordings, the teeth were sectioned and the remaining dentin thickness was determined. The older group (mean thickness: 2.82 mm) and younger group (mean thickness: 1.9 mm) differed significantly in dentin thickness (P < 0.014). The mean greatest temperature increases recorded on the chamber roof of teeth with less remaining dentin were 4.07°C for Turbo Temp 2 and 3.94°C for Luxatemp Fluorescence, while increases in the premolars with greater dentin thickness were 1.69°C for Turbo Temp 2 and 1.64°C for Luxatemp Fluorescence. Significant interactions were found between tooth groups (P < 0.000001for Turbo Temp 2 and for Luxatemp Fluorescence). No significant differences were found between assessed materials regardless of the thickness of the remaining dentin (P > 0.38for the older group and P > 0.29 for the younger group). Dentin had a significant effect in limiting the temperature increase generated during polymerization of provisional materials, indicating good thermal insulating properties of this tissue. A remaining dentin thickness of 1.9 mm or more is sufficient to protect the pulp from any temperature increase during provisionalization using tested materials.
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Cavidade Pulpar , Dentina , Coroas , Humanos , TemperaturaRESUMO
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a chronic disease of various etiologies. Correct TMD diagnosis enables to apply effective treatment and significantly improves the quality of patients' lives. One of the diagnostic methods subjected to evaluation in recent years is thermography, which enables safe, noninvasive, and quick imaging of the temperature distribution of temporomandibular joint-associated tissues. This paper, based on Medline, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Academic Search Ultimate, Medline Complete databases, presents basic information related to thermovision imaging and outlines the direction of research conducted in recent years which fight with difficulties in the interpretation of thermograms that require specialized, dedicated analysis and processing of the obtained images. The problem concerns also no standardized protocol for measuring masticatory muscle temperature.