Assessing risk for severe domestic violence and related homicides perpetrated by partners and in-laws: adapted danger assessments for women in abusive relationships in India.

Despite domestic violence and related homicides perpetrated by partners and/or in-laws being a significant public health problem in India, there are no reliable and valid instruments to identify and intervene with women in domestic violence relationships. Continued domestic violence can escalate to severe, near-lethal, or lethal violence or homicide. The Danger Assessment (DA) is a risk assessment instrument designed to assess the likelihood of severe, near-lethal, or lethal violence in abusive relationships. However, the DA is not designed to determine the risk of future severe, near-lethal, or lethal violence by in-laws. In-law abuse plays a significant role in domestic violence-related homicides in India and other countries with similar cultural norms. This study addressed this gap by developing the Danger Assessment for in-laws (DA-L) to assess risk from in-laws, alongside the Danger Assessment for Women in India (DA-WI) to assess risk from partners. The study also examined the psychometric properties of the DA-L and DA-WI. Longitudinal data from 150 women in India were used to measure the reliability and validity of the two versions of the DA. The original DA items and additional risk items were examined using relative risk ratios for their relationship with severe violence at three-month follow-ups. Predictive validity was tested with the receiver operating characteristic curve. The study resulted in reliable and valid measures (11 items DA-L and 26-items DA-WI) of risk. The versions of the DA can be useful for practitioners in India and those working with Indian women in the US and other countries. The DAs can be used for identifying women in domestic violence relationships who are at risk for future severe domestic violence and guide the provision of tailored safety plans.

Analysing role of airborne particulate matter in abetting SARS-CoV-2 outbreak for scheming regional pandemic regulatory modalities.

The mutating SARS-CoV-2 necessitates gauging the role of airborne particulate matter in the COVID-19 outbreak for designing area-specific regulation modalities based on the environmental state-of-affair. To scheme the protocols, the hotspots of air pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NH3, NO, NO2, SO2, and and environmental factors including relative humidity (RH), and temperature, along with COVID-19 cases and mortality from January 2020 till December 2020 from 29 different ground monitoring stations spanning Delhi, are mapped. Spearman correlation coefficients show a positive relationship between SARS-COV-2 with particulate matter (PM2.5 with r > 0.36 and PM10 with r > 0.31 and p-value <0·001). Besides, SARS-COV-2 transmission showed a substantial correlation with NH3 (r = 0.41), NO2 (r = 0.36), and NO (r = 0.35) with a p-value <0.001, which is highly indicative of their role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. These outcomes are associated with the source of PM and its constituent trace elements to understand their overtone with COVID-19. This strongly validates temporal and spatial variation in COVID-19 dependence on air pollutants as well as on environmental factors. Besides, the bottlenecks of missing latent data, monotonous dependence of variables, and the role air pollutants with secondary environmental variables are discussed. The analysis set the foundation for strategizing regional-based modalities considering environmental variables (i.e., pollutant concentration, relative humidity, temperature) as well as urban and transportation planning for efficient control and handling of future public health emergencies.

Floating Fog: extending fog computing to vast waters for aerial users.

There are thousands of flights carrying millions of passengers each day, having three or more Internet-connected devices with them on average. Usually, onboard devices remain idle for most of the journey (which can be of several hours), therefore, we can tap on their underutilized potential. Although these devices are generally becoming more and more resourceful, for complex services (such as related to machine learning, augmented/virtual reality, smart healthcare, and so on) those devices do not suffice standalone. This makes a case for multi-device resource aggregation such as through femto-cloud. As our first contribution, we present the utility of femto-cloud for aerial users. But for that sake, a reliable and faster Internet is required (to access online services or cloud resources), which is currently not the case with satellite-based Internet. That is the second challenge we try to address in our paper, by presenting an adaptive beamforming-based solution for aerial Internet provisioning. However, on average, most of the flight path is above waters. Given that, we propose that beamforming transceivers can be docked on stationery ships deployed in the vast waters (such as the ocean). Nevertheless, certain services would be delay-sensitive, and accessing their on-ground servers or cloud may not be feasible (in terms of delay). Similarly, certain complex services may require resources in addition to the flight-local femto-cloud. That is the third challenge we try to tackle in this paper, by proposing that the traditional fog computing (which is a cloud-like but localized pool of resources) can also be extended to the waters on the ships harboring beamforming transceivers. We name it Floating Fog. In addition to that, Floating Fog will enable several new services such as live black-box. We also present a cost and bandwidth analysis to highlight the potentials of Floating Fog. Lastly, we identify some challenges to tackle the successful deployment of Floating Fog.

Machine Learning for Authentication and Authorization in IoT: Taxonomy, Challenges and Future Research Direction.

With the ongoing efforts for widespread Internet of Things (IoT) adoption, one of the key factors hindering the wide acceptance of IoT is security. Securing IoT networks such as the electric power grid or water supply systems has emerged as a major national and global priority. To address the security issue of IoT, several studies are being carried out that involve the use of, but are not limited to, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and edge/fog computing. Authentication and authorization are crucial aspects of the CIA triad to protect the network from malicious parties. However, existing authorization and authentication schemes are not sufficient for handling security, due to the scale of the IoT networks and the resource-constrained nature of devices. In order to overcome challenges due to various constraints of IoT networks, there is a significant interest in using machine learning techniques to assist in the authentication and authorization process for IoT. In this paper, recent advances in authentication and authorization techniques for IoT networks are reviewed. Based on the review, we present a taxonomy of authentication and authorization schemes in IoT focusing on machine learning-based schemes. Using the presented taxonomy, a thorough analysis is provided of the authentication and authorization (AA) security threats and challenges for IoT. Furthermore, various criteria to achieve a high degree of AA resiliency in IoT implementations to enhance IoT security are evaluated. Lastly, a detailed discussion on open issues, challenges, and future research directions is presented for enabling secure communication among IoT nodes.

Technologies Trend towards 5G Network for Smart Health-Care Using IoT: A Review.

Smart health-care is undergoing rapid transformation from the conventional specialist and hospital-focused style to a distributed patient-focused manner. Several technological developments have encouraged this rapid revolution of health-care vertical. Currently, 4G and other communication standards are used in health-care for smart health-care services and applications. These technologies are crucial for the evolution of future smart health-care services. With the growth in the health-care industry, several applications are expected to produce a massive amount of data in different format and size. Such immense and diverse data needs special treatment concerning the end-to-end delay, bandwidth, latency and other attributes. It is difficult for current communication technologies to fulfil the requirements of highly dynamic and time-sensitive health care applications of the future. Therefore, the 5G networks are being designed and developed to tackle the diverse communication needs of health-care applications in Internet of Things (IoT). 5G assisted smart health-care networks are an amalgamation of IoT devices that require improved network performance and enhanced cellular coverage. Current connectivity solutions for IoT face challenges, such as the support for a massive number of devices, standardisation, energy-efficiency, device density, and security. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of 5G assisted smart health-care solutions in IoT. We present a structure for smart health-care in 5G by categorizing and classifying existing literature. We also present key requirements for successful deployment of smart health-care systems for certain scenarios in 5G. Finally, we discuss several open issues and research challenges in 5G smart health-care solutions in IoT.

Association of cognitive impairment with sleeping difficulties, anxiety and depression among Pakistani physicians.

Previous literature has highlighted a high burden of a variety of psychopathologies such as anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality among Pakistani physicians. These psychopathologies are associated with a poor quality of life and cognitive difficulties, affecting empathy levels, doctor patient relationship, and work performance. It is a cross sectional study in which 300 Pakistani physicians aged 45 and above, were interviewed using a questionnaire comprising hospital anxiety and depression scale, cognitive difficulties scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All data were analyzed in SPSS v.21. A total of 268 doctors responded (268/300). A total of 72 (26.9%) participants were severely anxious, 31 (11.6%) were severely depressed and 129 (48.1%) respondents were poor sleepers. Hierarchal regression analysis revealed that female gender, increasing age, high PSQI and anxiety scores were significant predictors of cognitive difficulties among the respondents.

Vanadium(V) complexes with hydrazides and their spectroscopic and biological properties.

The present study explores the synthesis and inhibitory potential of vanadium(V) complexes of hydrazides (1c-12c) against oxidative enzymes including xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase (LOX). In addition, non-enzymatic radical scavenging activities of these complexes were also determined. On the basis of spectral, elemental and physical data, synthesized vanadium(V) complexes are tentatively assigned to have an octahedral geometry with two hydrazide ligands and two oxo groups forming a negatively charged sphere complex with ammonium as counter ion. This is further verified by the conductivity studies of the complexes. Results show that hydrazide ligands (1-12) and their respective vanadium(V) complexes (1c-12c) posses scavenging and inhibition potential against DPPH and LOX, respectively. However, contrary to that uncoordinated ligands showed no activity against nitric oxide, superoxide and xanthine oxidase whereas their complexes showed varying degree of activity. These studies indicate that geometry of complex, nature and position of substituent groups play a vital role in scavenging and inhibition potential of these compounds.

Effect of Citrullus colocynthis aqueous seed extract on beta cell regeneration and intra-islet vasculature in alloxan induced diabetic male albino rats.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Citrullus colocynthis on beta cell regeneration and intra-islet vasculature. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from February 2013 to January 2014. It comprised male wistar rats weighing 100-150gand aged 6-8 weeks. The animals were divided into 6 groups. Group A1 served as control. Diabetes was induced in groups A2, B2 and C2 using single intravenous injection of 50mg/kg of alloxan. Animals having fasting blood glucose>250mg/dl were considered diabetic. Diabetic rats in groups B2 and C2 and their controls B1 and C1 were given 1ml/kg and 2ml/kg of Citrullus colocynthis aqueous seed extract orally per day for 14 days. Animals were sacrifised on day 15. RESULTS: Of the 48 rats, there were 8(16.7%) in each group. Citrullus colocynthis has stabilized the body weight of rats and difference was statistically significant on days 7(p<0.013) and 14(p<0.001). Citrullus colocynthis significantly reduced (p<0.001) the fasting blood sugar levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It increased the islet diameter (p<0.001) and beta cell count (p<0.001). The number of intra-islet capillaries was increased in group C2, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Citrullus colocynthis aqueous seed extract stabilised animal body weight and ameliorated hyperglycaemia in a dose- and time-dependent manner which was attributable to regenerative effect on beta cells and intra-islet vasculature.

Amelioration of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity by methanolic extract of pomegranate peels in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the ameliorating effect by methanolic extract of pomegranate peel in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS: The randomised controlled study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised rats that were randomly divided into three equal groups. Control group A was given normal saline (5ml/kg), whereas group B and C were given 750mg/kg acetaminophen intraperitoneally dissolved in normal saline (5ml/kg) on 1st day of experiment. From Day 2 till day 14, group A and B were given distilled water (5ml/kg), while group C was given 50mg/kg methanolic extract of pomegranate peel dissolved in distilled water (5ml/kg) orally. On day 15, blood was collected through cardiac puncture, and livers were removed and processed for histological examination. RESULTS: There were 24 rats weighing 175±25gm each. Each group had 8(33.3%) rats. Mean liver aspartate aminotransferase at the end of the experiment in groups A, B and C were 97.88±19.45, 148.25±16.48 and 96.13±17.95U/L, while alanine transaminase levels were 51.50±15.38, 96.75±10.91 and 49.63±12.08 U/L (p<0.05 each) On histological examination of group B, the normal hepatic architecture was distorted with loss of classically arranged hepatic cords. Vascular congestion was present with centrilobular necrosis, marked by pyknotic nuclei and vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS: Acetaminophen is hepatotoxic and methanolic extract of pomegranate peel ameliorated the hepatic picture probably because of its antioxidant properties.

Effect of phoenix dactyliferia (date palm) pit powder on nicotine induced spermatotoxicty in adult albino mice.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Phoenix Dactyliferia pit powder on nicotine-induced spermatotoxicty in adult albino mice. METHODS: The study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, from February to November 2012, and comprised adult male albino mice aged 6-8 weeks. The animals were divided into five equal groups. Group A consisted of controls who were treated with 1.5ml/kg of normal saline for 15 days, while nicotine 0.5mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally daily to experimental groups B, C and D for the first 15 days. Group B was sacrificed on the 15th day to confirm toxicity, whereas nicotine treatment was stopped in groups C and D. Group C was given normal saline (1.5ml/kg) whereas group D was given date palm pit powder 500mg/kg for the next 30 days. However, Group E was given nicotine 0.5mg/kg for 45 days and date palm pit powder was added orally from the 16th day and it continued daily till the end of the experiment. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean weight of each of the 40 animals in the study was 30±5gm, and all the five groups hacL8(20%) mice each. Group B exhibited features of toxicity evident by statistically significant decrease in Johnsen score (p<0.001) and diameter of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001). Group C showed partial reversal of toxic effects but these positive effects were less compared to group D which showed complete reversal of toxicity evident by statistically significant increase in Johnsen score (p<0.001) and diameter of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001). However, reversal of toxic effect was not evident in group E. CONCLUSION: Partial recovery from nicotine-induced spermatotoxicity occurred after withdrawal of nicotine treatment whereas near normal restoration of structure was seen with administration of date palm pit powder after the stoppage of nicotine.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L. (SUGAR CANE) JUICE ON ISONIAZID INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO MICE.

BACKGROUND: Isoniazid (INH) is the drug of choice for treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and it is a well-known-cause of acute clinical liver injury which can be severe and sometimes fatal. The study was designed to investigate the effects of Saccharum officinarum L. juice on oxidative liver injury due to INH in mice. METHODS: This was a laboratory based experimental study. Thirty mice were divided into three groups, containing 10 mice each. Group A being the control, group B and C were experimental and were treated orally with INH 100 mg/kg per day and INH 100 mg/kg per day plus Saccharum officinarum L. juice 15 ml/ kg per day respectively for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were taken at 30th day by cardiac puncture under anaesthesia and liver in each was taken out for microscopic examination. RESULTS: INH treated mice showed; rise in serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels (Mean?SEM), while group C mice treated with Saccharum officinarum L. juice significantly decreased the levels of these biochemical parameters. The histopathological examination of groups A showed normal liver structure which was deranged in (INH) group B, whereas group C showed significant recovery in histological structure. Saccharum officinarum L. constituents, especially flavanoids and anthocyanins have strong antioxidant properties which provides hepatoprotection against oxidative liver injury produced by INH. CONCLUSION: INH-induced liver injury is associated with oxidative stress, and co-administration of Saccharum officinarum L. juice (15 ml/Kg bw) may reduce this damage effectively in mice.

THE EFFECT OF FICUS CARICA L. (ANJIR) LEAF EXTRACT ON GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO MICE.

BACKGROUND: Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside isolated from Micromonospora purpurea known for its nephrotoxicity. Ficus carica L is known to treat many ailments. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ficus carica L. (Anjir) leaf extract on renal oxidative stress induced by gentamicin in albino mice. METHODS: In this laboratory based experimental study 30 mice were divided into three groups, containing 10 mice each. Group A being the control; groups B and C were experimental and treated with gentamicin 200 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally and, Ficus carica L. leaf extract 400 mg/kg/day orally with gentamicin 200 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally respectively for a period of 8 days. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after completion of the experimental period by cardiac puncture under anesthesia and kidneys of each mouse were taken out for microscopic examination. RESULTS: Gentamicin treatment increased serum urea and creatinine levels (group B). Ficus carica L. leaf extract treated animals showed significant reduction in biochemical markers of kidney functions in group C. The histopathological examination of group A showed normal renal structure which was deranged in group B treated with only gentamicin, whereas, group C exhibited marked improvement in histological structure. CONCLUSION: Ficus carica L. leaf extract is effective in preventing gentamicin induced functional and structural changes in kidney of albino mice.

Breast cancer risk and aging--misquoted data and public information.

The "risk of breast cancer in women increases with age" is a longtime misstatement that does not conform to statistical data. Contrary to the common perception and widely publicized statements, the overall risk of developing breast cancer decreases in women as they grow old.

Development of a questionnaire to evaluate practitioners' confidence and knowledge in primary care in managing chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: In the UK, chronic disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely managed in primary care. We developed a tool to assess practitioner confidence and knowledge in managing CKD compared to other chronic diseases. This questionnaire was part of a cluster randomised quality improvement interventions in chronic kidney disease (QICKD; ISRCTN56023731). METHODS: The questionnaire was developed by family physicians, primary care nurses, academics and renal specialists. We conducted three focus groups (n=7, 6, and 8) to refine the questionnaire using groups of general practitioners, practice nurses and trainees in general practice. We used paper based versions to develop the questionnaire and online surveys to test it. Practitioners in a group of volunteer, trial practices received the questionnaire twice. We measured its reliability using Cohen's Kappa (K). RESULTS: The practitioners in the focus groups reached a consensus as to the key elements to include in the instrument. We achieved a 73.1% (n=57/78) initial response rate for our questionnaire; of these 57, 54 completed the questionnaire a second time. Family physicians made up the largest single group of respondents (47.4%, n=27). Initial response showed more female (64.9%, n=37) than male (35.1%, n=20) respondents. The reliability results from retesting showed that there was moderate agreement (k>0.4) on all questions; with many showing substantial agreement (k>0.6). There was substantial agreement in the questions about loop diuretics (k=0.608, CI 0.432-0.784, p<0.001), confidence in managing hypertension (k=0.628, 95%CI 0.452-0.804, p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure treatment thresholds in CKD (k=0.608, 95%CI 0.436-0.780, p<0.001) and the rate of decline of eGFR that would prompt referral (k=0.764, 95%CI 0.603-0.925, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The QICKD-CCQ is a reliable instrument for measuring confidence and knowledge among primary care practitioners on CKD management in the context of UK primary care.

Co-amplification of microbial DNA: A novel observation of a misconstrued second peak at locus D7S820.

DNA fingerprinting, a gold standard, is one of the most powerful tool in applied sciences especially helpful in criminal investigation. Entering in advanced era of forensic DNA, profile reading is much trickier than ever. An unusual DNA profile was observed from a nail swab of female brutally murdered in a domestic violence case. At first, DNA profile was misconstrued as heterozygote at locus D7S820 but later, it was confirmed as homozygous from other evidence items submitted in the same case. Subsequent reprocessing of the same sample, from the extraction stage through to DNA profiling and DNA profile form victim's blood, conclusively established that the unusual peak is from a non-specific microbial presence at that locus.

Dataset for authentication and authorization using physical layer properties in indoor environment.

The proliferation landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT) has accentuated the critical role of Authentication and Authorization (AA) mechanisms in securing interconnected devices. There is a lack of relevant datasets that can aid in building appropriate machine learning enabled security solutions focusing on authentication and authorization using physical layer characteristics. In this context, our research presents a novel dataset derived from real-world scenarios, utilizing Zigbee Zolertia Z1 nodes to capture physical layer properties in indoor environments. The dataset encompasses crucial parameters such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Link Quality Indicator (LQI), Device Internal Temperature, Device Battery Level, and more, providing a comprehensive foundation for advancing Machine learning enabled AA in IoT ecosystems.

Improving the management of people with a family history of breast cancer in primary care: before and after study of audit-based education.

BACKGROUND: In England, guidance from National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) states women with a family history of breast cancer presenting to primary care should be reassured or referred.We reviewed the evidence for interventions that might be applied in primary care and conducted an audit of whether low risk women are correctly advised and flagged. METHODS: We conducted a literature review to identify modifiable risk factors. We extracted routinely collected data from the computerised medical record systems of 6 general practices (population approximately 30,000); of the variables identified in the guidance. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) intervention called audit-based education (ABE) comparing participant practices with guidelines and each other before and after; we report odds ratios (OR) of any change in data recording. RESULTS: The review revealed evidence for advising on: diet, weight control, physical exercise, and alcohol. The proportion of patients with recordings of family history of: disease, neoplasms, and breast cancer were: 39.3%, 5.1% and 1.3% respectively. There was no significant change in the recording of family history of disease or cancer; OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.98-1.06); and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) respectively. Recording of alcohol consumption and smoking both increased significantly; OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.30-1.43); and 1.42 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) respectively. Recording lifestyle advice fell; OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.81-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: The study informs about current data recording and willingness to engage in ABE. Recording of risk factors improved after the intervention. Further QI is needed to achieve adherence to current guidance.

Step-Wise Management of Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care: Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: Anemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and reduced quality of life, but is often sub-optimally managed. Most patients are managed in primary care alongside other comorbidities. Interventions to improve the management of anemia in CKD in this setting are needed. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study to evaluate how an audit-based education (ABE) intervention might improve the management of anemia in CKD. We explored outcomes that would be relevant to practitioners and patients, that exposed variation of practice from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, and whether the intervention was feasible and acceptable. RESULTS: Practitioners (n = 5 groups) and patients (n = 7) from 4 London general practices participated in discussions. Practitioners welcomed the evidence-based step-wise intervention. However, prescribing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) was felt to be outside of their scope of practice. There was a gap between NICE guidance and clinical practice in primary care. Iron studies were not well understood and anemia management was often conservative or delayed. Patients were often unaware of having CKD, and were more concerned about their other comorbidities, but largely trusted their GPs to manage them appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: The first steps of the intervention were welcomed by practitioners, but they expressed concerns about independently prescribing ESAs. Renal physicians and GPs could develop shared care protocols for ESA use in primary care. There is scope to improve awareness of renal anemia, and enhance knowledge of guideline recommendations; and our intervention should be modified accordingly.

The pattern of silent time in the clinical consultation: an observational multichannel video study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe silent time in the clinical consultation: who initiates and terminates it and at what stage most silence occurs. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of 127 multichannel video recordings of consultations by 12 GPs; filmed using the ALFA (Aggregation of Log Files for Analysis) open-source toolkit. The start and end of silence was manually coded using an observational data capture tool. We report who initiates and terminates silence, describe the proportion of the consultation, what happens within it and the distribution of silent periods by quartile of the consultation. RESULTS: We found the median proportion of silence was 12.3% and interquartile range 14.3%. Silent periods (52.4%) were both initiated and terminated by the doctor. The majority of silent time (78.1%) is spent on computer-based activities and physical examination. Silent periods which do not involve physical examination mainly occur in the second half of the consultation and represent 70.6% of the total duration and 64.8% of the episodes of silence. CONCLUSIONS: The computer is a third party in the GP consultation and often requires silent time during doctor-computer interaction. Doctors' control and patients allow silence for the doctor to complete tasks often involving the computer and also for time out from the consultation. There is a clear pattern of when doctors need most to have silence and consultation models should be developed that reflect this need.

Identification of the polymer-bounded drugs on the fabric surface: A challenge to the forensic drug analysts.

Drug trafficking through concealment has always been a method of choice for drug traffickers all around the world. This case shares a new trend in the smuggling of illicit drugs by applying a coating of drug and polymer mixture on fabric. A white fabric sample was submitted by a law enforcement agency to detect the presence of any explosive material on its surface. Later on it was also tested for illicit drugs. Stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector (SEM/EDX) were applied for microscopic examination. Acetone extract of the sample was analyzed for explosives by explosive detection kit, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The routine method involving methanol as solvent was used to check heroin presence. Methanol extract of the sample was analyzed by Mecke test and GCMS. Stereomicroscope and SEM/EDX revealed the presence of some unusual coating on one side of fabric. No explosive material was detected; instead GCMS (method 1) confirmed the presence of heroin (mass fragments 268, 310, 327, and 369 m/z) and FTIR spectrum revealed presence of a polymeric material (dyneema). No drug was identified by GCMS (method 2). Method 2 was modified by replacing methanol with acetone and including an additional step of sonication for 30 min. Acetone extract showed green color with Mecke reagent and a strong signal of heroin on GCMS. This modified extraction method acted well to unbind the coated material from the fabric and to disentangle the drug from the polymer.