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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(8): 1589-1598, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39043405

RESUMO

To determine the characteristics of pediatric patients 0-19 years of age who died after onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Japan during January 1-September 30, 2022, we reviewed multiple sources. We identified 62 cases, collected detailed information from medical records and death certificates, and conducted interviews, resulting in 53 patients with detailed information for our study. Among 46 patients with internal causes of death (i.e., not external causes such as trauma), 15% were <1 year of age, 59% had no underlying disease, and 88% eligible for vaccination were unvaccinated. Nonrespiratory symptoms were more common than respiratory symptoms. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest affected 46% of patients, and time from symptom onset to death was <7 days for 77%. Main suspected causes of death were central nervous system abnormalities (35%) and cardiac abnormalities (20%). We recommend careful follow-up of pediatric patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first week after symptom onset, regardless of underlying diseases.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Criança , Japão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Recém-Nascido , Adulto Jovem
2.
Microbiol Immunol ; 58(4): 227-38, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24517637

RESUMO

A large acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreak occurred in 2011 in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Ten strains of coxsackievirus group A type 24 variant (CA24v) were isolated from patients with AHC and full sequence analysis of the VP3, VP1, 3C(pro) and 3D(pol) coding regions performed. To assess time-scale evolution, phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method. In addition, similarity plots were constructed and pairwise distance (p-distance) and positive pressure analyses performed. A phylogenetic tree based on the VP1 coding region showed that the present strains belong to genotype 4 (G4). In addition, the present strains could have divided in about 2010 from the same lineages detected in other countries such as China, India and Australia. The mean rates of molecular evolution of four coding regions were estimated at about 6.15 to 7.86 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year. Similarity plot analyses suggested that nucleotide similarities between the present strains and a prototype strain (EH24/70 strain) were 0.77-0.94. The p-distance of the present strains was relatively short (<0.01). Only one positive selected site (L25H) was identified in the VP1 protein. These findings suggest that the present CA24v strains causing AHC are genetically related to other AHC strains with rapid evolution and emerged in around 2010.


Assuntos
Conjuntivite Hemorrágica Aguda/virologia , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Enterovirus Humano C/genética , Enterovirus Humano C/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Virais/genética , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , Conjuntivite Hemorrágica Aguda/epidemiologia , Enterovirus Humano C/classificação , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Taxa de Mutação , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
3.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1811(5): 323-32, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21396484

RESUMO

A novel sphingomyelin-binding protein (clamlysin) was purified from the foot muscle of a brackishwater clam, Corbicula japonica. The purified 24.8-kDa protein lysed sheep, horse and rabbit erythrocytes and the hemolytic activity was inhibited by sphingomyelin, but not other phospholipids or glycosphingolipids. The open reading frame of the clamlysin gene encoded a putative 26.9-kDa protein (clamlysin B) which showed high sequence similarity with the actinoporin family. A surface plasmon resonance assay confirmed that clamlysin B specifically bound to sphingomyelin. Furthermore, two cDNA variants of clamlysin, encoding putative 31.4 kDa (clamlysin A) and 11 kDa (clamlysin C) proteins, were isolated. Only the 31.4-kDa variant was found to exhibit sphingomyelin-binding activity. Clamlysin A and B, but not C, shared a sequence (domain II) conserved in all known sphingomyelin-binding proteins. Domain II fused with a glutathione S-transferase bound to sphingomyelin. Horse erythrocytes, mouse melanoma B16 and GM95 cells, and Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells, but not the same cells treated with bacterial sphingomyelinase, were immunostained with clamlysin B. These results indicate that clamlysin B binds to the sphingomyelin of living cells and thus would be useful as a molecular probe to detect sphingomyelin.


Assuntos
Corbicula/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas/isolamento & purificação , Esfingomielinas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , Cricetinae , Eritrócitos/citologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavalos , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/isolamento & purificação , Isoformas de Proteínas/farmacologia , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas/farmacologia , Coelhos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA
4.
J Vet Med Sci ; 83(8): 1303-1305, 2021 Aug 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34219071

RESUMO

Cats are an important host of Toxoplasma gondii from an epidemiological perspective because they are the only definitive hosts that excrete oocysts in their feces. In this study, 201 free-ranging cats in Okinawa were examined for T. gondii infection. Using the latex agglutination test, we detected antibodies against T. gondii in 26.9% (54/201) of the cats. Oocysts of T. gondii were not detected upon microscopic examination of the feces of 128 cats. T. gondii was isolated from the tissues of 9 out of 24 seropositive or pseudo-seropositive cats with a bioassay using laboratory mice. Genotyping for the GRA6 gene revealed that five and four of the isolates were type I and II, respectively.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças dos Roedores , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Japão/epidemiologia , Camundongos , Prevalência , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia
5.
J Med Microbiol ; 69(4): 587-590, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32427562

RESUMO

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira species. It is a public health issue in the tropics, including Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. This study reports the first isolation of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe from two human patients in Japan, and describes its molecular characterization using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLST on the two isolates, 168036 and 178129, showed that pfkB in 178129 is a novel allele, and that both isolates constitute novel sequence types (STs); ST286 for 168036 and ST287 for 178129. A minimum spanning tree based on seven alleles of L. interrogans indicates that both isolates are genetically close, but are distinct from known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains. MLVA using 11 loci demonstrated that seven of the 11 loci were identical between the two isolates, whereas the identity between the isolates and the seven reference strains of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe was zero to three loci. These results indicate that the isolates investigated in this study have novel genotypes, and are genetically closest to each other among the known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains.


Assuntos
Leptospira interrogans/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão , Leptospira interrogans/classificação , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Repetições Minissatélites , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Sorogrupo
6.
Vaccine ; 38(10): 2361-2367, 2020 02 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32037227

RESUMO

Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, experienced a large measles outbreak from March to May 2018. During this outbreak, there were 99 laboratory-confirmed cases and 14 vaccine-associated measles cases. In addition to the reinforcement of routine immunization, Okinawa prefectural government introduced emergent measles-containing vaccination recommendations for infants aged 6-11 months as part of the outbreak response. Increased concern exists in Okinawa about measles in infants following a previous outbreak from 1998 to 2001, when nine children including four infants died. Of 8062 infants aged 6-11 months who received measles-containing vaccine (MCV), six developed vaccine-associated measles; incidence was 0.74 per 1000 doses (95%CI 0.27-1.62). This was similar to that of first dose routine immunization recipients at one year of age (IR 0.60, 95%CI 0.20-1.78). Among 14 vaccine-associated measles cases, throat swab samples showed the highest positive rate (92.9%) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), followed by urine (25.0%) and whole blood (7.7%) samples. Furthermore, one throat swab sample classified as equivocal by RT-qPCR was positive by conventional RT-PCR (RT-PCR). During an outbreak, it is critical to distinguish between cases with measles-like symptoms caused by wild circulating virus and those caused by vaccine-derived virus as accurately and urgently as possible because the public health response will be quite different. No infant deaths were observed during this outbreak, and no severe adverse events following immunization were seen among infants 6-11 months old who were given MCV as a public health response. Thus, we conclude that introduction of emergent MCV was effective and describing the characteristics of vaccine-associated measles cases during a measles outbreak will be helpful for future outbreak response efforts.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Vacina contra Sarampo/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Sarampo/efeitos adversos , Sarampo , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Vacinação
7.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 70(3): 329-332, 2017 May 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28003601

RESUMO

Although major mumps epidemics occurred every 4-5 years in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan, no laboratory diagnoses were conducted. A mumps epidemic started in Okinawa in October 2014, and we collected clinical samples from 31 patients in 4 areas (Hokubu, Nanbu, Miyako, and Yaeyama) from July to December 2015, for virus isolation and RT-PCR, whose positive ratios were 52% and 87%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates were classified into genotype G, and with one exception, consisted of 2 subgenotypes, Ge (55.6%) and Gw (40.7%), which have been prominent in Japan recently. One isolate was classified in another lineage, which was detected in Japan for the first time, and was similar to a Hong Kong isolate from 2014. Remarkably, the geographic distributions of the 2 major lineages were separated. The Ge viruses were isolated from the main island of Okinawa and the Yaeyama Islands, whereas the Gw isolates were mainly detected from the Miyako Islands. These results suggest that the Ge and Gw mumps viruses mainly caused the mumps epidemics of 2015 in Okinawa, and that they spread independently in separate regions. This is the first report describing the molecular epidemiology of mumps epidemics in Okinawa Prefecture.


Assuntos
Epidemias , Genótipo , Vírus da Caxumba/classificação , Vírus da Caxumba/genética , Caxumba/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Vírus da Caxumba/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
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