Post-Traumatic Growth and Resilience Among Medical Students After the March 2011 Disaster in Fukushima, Japan.

In March of 2011, an earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident struck northern Japan causing profound damage to the surrounding area and lasting effects to all those who lived there. Fukushima Medical University (FMU), the closest hospital that remained open during the disaster, was greatly impacted and its students rallied to help the cause. Many of them were directly affected as their neighborhoods were ruined and family and friends were injured or killed. Our study sought to better understand how this disaster impacted their posttraumatic growth and resilience in the wake of the disaster and today, 8 years later. There were three goals of this study. First, we aimed to replicate previous research that showed positive effects of disaster volunteerism on medical students' posttraumatic growth. Second, we sought to better understand the role of resilience in the wellbeing of these students. Finally, we wanted to explore the advantages to our newly created 10-Factor Resilience Behavioral Scale, which we used alongside the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-X), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Overall, 579 responses were collected (response rate of 71.9%). Volunteers continued to show greater PTG as well as greater overall resilience. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between students' feelings of confusion, anger, sadness, guilt or anxiety and their sense of resilience, both at the time of the disaster and in the most recent month, suggesting that within Japanese culture difficult emotions may promote resilient behaviors and actions.

Medical Student Reactions to Disaster after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: Motivation and Posttraumatic Growth.

Medical students often become involved as post-disaster emergency responders despite incomplete training, and in doing so may suppress their immediate experiences as victims and survivors. This experience, however, may lead them to increase their motivation to help others. We examined how cognitive and emotional reactions to disaster correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) in medical students in Fukushima, Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011. To date, Fukushima continues to suffer from radiation concerns following the nuclear power plant meltdown. In a survey three years after the onset of a long-term disaster, with a cross-sectional research design, medical students (N = 494) reported their negative post-disaster reactions, desire to help, and demonstrations of capability, and completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). We conducted hierarchical regression analyses and found that the addition of variables pertaining to negative post-disaster reactions (e.g. confusion, anger, and sadness) led to the largest increase in predictive value for PTGI scores; students reporting a past traumatic experience were also more likely to experience PTG. Our results indicate that weathering stressful disaster circumstances created opportunities for positive personal growth and reinforcement at a crucial time in medical students' professional development.

Narratives of resilience in medical students following the 3/11 triple disaster: Using thematic analysis to examine paths to recovery.

In March of 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear explosion damaged northeastern Japan. While nine years have passed, the memory of this disaster continues to linger. This qualitative study had three main goals. First it aimed to explore the reactions and interpretations of adolescents living in areas affected by the disaster. Second, it sought to examine the behaviors and beliefs that enabled these students to not only recover but thrive. Third, it strived to build a more global and dynamic framework of resilience. A convenience sample of 18 students participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Their narratives were qualitatively analyzed using thematic content analysis. Overall, four themes, each with four codes or sub-themes, emerged as sources of resilience including social support (social networks, role models, and community service), hopeful future orientation (cognitive reappraisal, optimism, and motivation to be physician), active emotions (rational compassion, luck, and suppression) and sense of purpose or duty (sharing of personal story, motivation to educate others, and Fukushima image). These findings reveal the experiences of highly resilient youth facing trauma and the connection between childhood adversity and career choices. They also begin to uncover the unique ways that culture, society, and tradition impact processes of recovery.