Sc(OTf)3-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-ring cleavage-rearrangement: a highly stereoselective access to Z-ß-enaminonitriles.

A novel and highly stereoselective synthesis of Z-ß-enaminonitriles from azides and α,ß-unsaturated nitriles is reported. The reaction proceeds via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-ring cleavage-rearrangement cascade mediated by a catalytic amount of Sc(OTf)3. A plausible reaction mechanism for this process is depicted.

Research on the national climate governance system toward carbon neutrality-A critical literature review.

Global climate governance has entered the era of carbon neutrality, as a growing number of countries have set the goal of carbon neutrality for long-term emissions reduction toward the mid-21st century. In 2020, China also pledged itself to the goal of carbon neutrality, which creates an urgent demand for this country to establish a systematic and integrated national climate governance system. Against this background, this paper conducts a systematic literature review of climate governance systems from the perspectives of top-level design and the governance paradigm to bring insights into climate governance toward carbon neutrality. The results show that although there are interactions between decarbonization and other environmental, social and economic fields, research gaps still exist when enhancing climate governance toward carbon neutrality. For example, issues regarding incorporating climate factors into the overall economic and social layout, strengthening the capacity of data collection relevant to climate adaptation, integrating climate mitigation and adaption actions, as well as connecting domestic climate governance and international cooperation, need to be further addressed. In addition, within the national governance system, studies combining both regional and sectoral concerns and the intertemporal dynamic allocation mechanism need to be further addressed when China decomposes its national climate target. Moreover, the division of power between the central government and local government, as well as the communication scheme between government and non-state actors, also turns out to be important for effective governance. Based on this analysis, policy implications are further proposed for China's formulation and implementation of long-term strategies of climate governance toward carbon neutrality.

Palladium-catalyzed formation of phenolic compounds by reaction of carbonyl compounds with carbon dioxide.

The use of carbon dioxide as a renewable and environmentally friendly source of carbon is highly attractive. A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of phenolic compounds from carbonyl compounds and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)(2) has been developed. This reaction is appealing for industries and is a tool for the sequestration of carbon dioxide.