Development and validation of novel nomogram to identify the candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer patients in the robotic era.

OBJECTIVES: To determine candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection using a novel nomogram to assess the risk of lymph node invasion in Japanese prostate cancer patients in the robotic era. METHODS: A total of 538 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection in three hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Medical records were reviewed uniformly and the following data collected: prostate-specific antigen, age, clinical T stage, primary and secondary Gleason score at prostate biopsy, and percentage of positive core numbers. Finally, data from 434 patients were used for developing the nomogram and data from 104 patients were used for external validation. RESULTS: Lymph node invasion was detected in 47 (11%) and 16 (15%) patients in the development and validation set, respectively. Based on multivariate analysis, prostate-specific antigen, clinical T stage ≥3, primary Gleason score, grade group 5, and percentage of positive cores were selected as variables to incorporate into the nomogram. The area under the curve values were 0.781 for the internal and 0.908 for the external validation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present nomogram can help urologists identify candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection concomitant with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy among patients with prostate cancer.

Novel nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with endopelvic fascia preservation and long-term outcomes for a single surgeon.

Although novel techniques for avoiding incontinence during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy have been developed, long-term oncological outcomes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term oncological outcomes and functional outcomes of novel nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with endopelvic fascia preservation for a single surgeon. Data from 100 patients who underwent structure-preserving prostatectomies performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The median console time was 123 min. Bilateral nerve-sparing was performed in 43% of patients underwent, and 57% underwent unilateral nerve-sparing surgery. Most patients (96%) reached complete pad-zero urinary continence by one year after surgery. Satisfactory erectile function was achieved in 97% of patients who underwent bilateral nerve-sparing surgery, and 80% of patients who underwent unilateral nerve-sparing surgery. The surgical margin was positive for 25% of patients, and the biochemical recurrence-free rate at 5 years was 77%. The cancer-specific survival rate was 100% during the median follow-up period of 4.5 years. Clavien-Dindo grade III complications occurred in 1% of cases. The outcomes for novel nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with endopelvic fascia preservation were similar to previously reported oncological outcomes, with satisfactory functional outcomes. This operative method may be useful for patients who are eligible for nerve-sparing surgery.

A case of ipsilateral three simultaneous renal cell carcinomas with different histologic types.

Introduction: Few reports have presented sporadic multifocal renal cell carcinomas of different histologic types occurring simultaneously in a single kidney. Here, we present a case of three ipsilateral renal cell carcinomas with three histologic types. Case presentation: A 44-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to nephrosclerosis was referred to our hospital for an incidental renal tumor. Following the introduction of hemodialysis, enhanced computed tomography revealed a renal tumor suggestive of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma with a cystic component. With a preoperative diagnosis of one renal tumor, he underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. However, pathological examination revealed three renal cell carcinomas with three histological diagnoses: clear-cell, papillary, and clear-cell papillary renal cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Preoperative imaging may not detect all synchronous ipsilateral multifocal renal cell carcinomas. Patients with severe renal function impairment may have synchronous multifocal renal cell carcinomas.

Feasibility of single-port laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy with selective adrenal venous sampling and high-resolution ultrasound for unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas.

BACKGROUND: The surgical and endocrinological outcomes of single-port laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy for patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas are unknown. Precise diagnosis of intra-adrenal aldosterone activity and a precise surgical procedure may improve outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine the surgical and endocrinological outcomes of single-port laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy with preoperative segmental selective adrenal venous sampling and intraoperative high-resolution laparoscopic ultrasound in patients with unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas. We identified 53 patients with partial adrenalectomy and 29 patients with laparoscopic total adrenalectomy. Single-port surgery was performed for 37 and 19 patients, respectively. METHODS: A single-center, retrospective cohort study. All patients with unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas diagnosed by selective adrenal venous sampling and treated surgically between January 2012 and February 2015 were included. Follow-up with biochemical and clinical assessments was set at 1 year after surgery for short-term outcomes and was performed every 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: We identified 53 patients with partial adrenalectomy and 29 patients with laparoscopic total adrenalectomy. Single-port surgery was performed for 37 and 19 patients, respectively. Single-port surgery was associated with shorter operative and laparoscopic times (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.039-0.49; P = .002 and odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.032-0.57; P = .006, respectively). All single-port and multi-port partial adrenalectomy cases showed complete short-term (median 1 year) biochemical success, and 92.9% (26 of 28 patients) who underwent single-port partial adrenalectomy and 100% (13 of 13 patients) who underwent multi-port partial adrenalectomy showed complete long-term (median 5.5 years) biochemical success. No complications were observed with single-port adrenalectomy. CONCLUSION: Single-port partial adrenalectomy is feasible after selective adrenal venous sampling for unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas, with shorter operative and laparoscopic times and a high rate of complete biochemical success.

Pathological complete response of plasmacytoid variant bladder cancer to pembrolizumab following genomic analysis.

Introduction: Plasmacytoid variant bladder cancer is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma that accounts for 1% of bladder cancers. Plasmacytoid variant urothelial carcinoma is characterized by an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcomes. Case presentation: A 61-year-old woman presented with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy showed a 16-mm solid tumor. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was invasive plasmacytoid variant urothelial carcinoma. Although the pathological T stage was pT1, computed tomography showed right obturator lymph node swelling. Since previous reports indicate poor response to chemotherapy for this disease, clinical sequencing was performed. Based on the high tumor mutation burden revealed, pembrolizumab was administered for 4 cycles, and computed tomography showed a partial response. Robot-assisted radical cystectomy was performed, and a pathological complete response including the pelvic lymph node was observed. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab may be a treatment option for plasmacytoid variant urothelial carcinoma following genomic analysis.

Isolation and characterization of arbuscules from roots of an increased-arbuscule-forming mutant of Lotus japonicus.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous methods for isolation of arbuscules from mycorrhizal roots are time-consuming, complex and expensive. Therefore, a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for the isolation of metabolically active arbuscules from plant root of an increased-arbuscule-forming mutant of Lotus japonicus (Ljsym78-2) is described. METHODS: Roots of the L. japonicus mutant plants Ljsym78-2 colonized by Glomus sp. were separated from soil, washed with water, immersed in CaSO(4) before being cut into 5-mm pieces and homogenized with a Waring blender at 6000 rpm for 30 s. The arbuscules were purified by separation from plant tissues with a 50-mum nylon mesh, finally collecting on a 30-mum nylon mesh. Enzyme histochemical staining showed that the collected arbuscules had succinate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The enzymic activity of the arbuscules was not affected after the isolation process. The establishment of this simple, rapid and inexpensive method for the isolation of metabolically active arbuscules will be useful to clarify the biochemical processes occurring in nutrient exchange at the arbuscular interface.