RESUMO
We describe the use of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib in a patient with brain tumor metastases from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). A 52-year-old Japanese male presented with consciousness loss. Imaging revealed a thyroid tumor and multiple brain lesions. After the brain tumor's resection, pathology results provided the diagnosis of ATC. Total thyroidectomy was performed, followed by whole-brain irradiation. Additional brain lesions later developed, and lenvatinib therapy was initiated with no remarkable complications. However, the treatment effects were limited, and the patient died 2 months after starting lenvatinib, 202 days after the initial brain surgery. Relevant literature is discussed.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Anaplásico da Tireoide/patologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
CONCLUSION: Laryngeal epithelium contains TRPV1, 2, 3 and 4, which may act as laryngeal nociceptors perceiving luminal noxious stimuli, play an important role in thermal sensation, osmotic sensation, and are also related to pathological conditions, such as inflammatory response, genesis of cough, asthma. OBJECTIVE: Expression of TRPV1, 2, 3 and 4 in the normal CBA/J mouse larynx was analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBA/J mice were used in this study. The localizations of TRPV1, 2, 3 and 4 in the laryngeal epithelium were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of TRPV1, 2, 3 and 4 in the laryngeal epithelial cells. TRPV1 and TRPV2 were often co-localized with substance P, while the co-localization of substance P and TRPV3 was rare and TRPV4 was not co-localized with substance P.
Assuntos
Mucosa Laríngea/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo , Animais , Glote/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Substância P/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPV/fisiologia , Prega Vocal/metabolismoRESUMO
CONCLUSION: Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1, 2, 3, and 4 were expressed in the human larynx, which may act as laryngeal nociceptors perceiving luminal noxious stimuli, play an important role in thermal sensation and osmotic sensation, and are also related to some pathological conditions and prevention of aspiration. OBJECTIVE: Expression of TRPV1, 2, 3, and 4 in the human larynx was analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens of human epiglottic epithelium obtained from six patients were used in this study. The localization of TRPV1, 2, 3, and 4 in the laryngeal epithelium was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of TRPV1, 2, 3, and 4 in the laryngeal epithelial cells. Chemoradiotherapy may reduce the expression of TRPV1, 2, 3, and 4, which might be a result of the mucositis and neuropathy in laryngeal epithelium.