Motives of abuse of psychoactive substances by women assisted in a Psychosocial Attention Center. / Motivos do abuso de substâncias psicoativas por mulheres assistidas em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the reasons attributed by women to the abuse of psychoactive substances. METHOD: Qualitative approach of phenomenological nature. We interviewed 12 women users of psychoactive substances under treatment at the Center for Psychosocial Care alcohol and drugs in Southern Brazil. The interviews were conducted between may and june 2013. The data were interpreted in light of Alfred Schütz's Social Phenomenology. RESULTS: The abuse of psychoactive substances is motivated by the influence of the people with whom the women have a relationship or with whom they have lived. Still, the losses and the family conflicts experienced were also a trigger for the abuse of psychoactive substances. CONCLUSION: Women's health care needs to meet beyond demands, since they must take into account the life history of these women.

Permanent education actions of nurse facilitators at a nursing education centre. / Ações de educação permanente dos enfermeiros facilitadores de um núcleo de educação em enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To identify actions of nurse facilitators of a permanent healthcare education centre of a teaching hospital. METHODS: A single case study with a qualitative approach conducted with eight nurses from a hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were generated through document analysis, systematic observation, and a focus group from April to September 2013. RESULTS: The study produced the following categories: powerful strategies to promote permanent healthcare education actions from facilitating nurses and limitations for the development of these actions. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of a permanent nursing education centre can trigger the Permanent education actions of nurses in teaching hospitals.

Reasons for attempting suicide among men who use alcohol and other drugs. / Motivos da tentativa de suicídio expressos por homens usuários de álcool e outras drogas.

Objective To understand the reasons that lead men who use alcohol and other drugs to attempt suicide. Methods Qualitative research at an alcohol and psychosocial drugs support centre (CAPSad) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in December of 2011, with 11 men who use alcohol and other drugs and who attempted suicide. Data were collected by means of phenomenological interviewing. The phenomenological sociology of Alfred Schütz was used to analyse and interpret the interview statements. Results The results led to three categories: attempted suicide triggered by alcohol and drug use; attempted suicide triggered by the family lifeworld; and attempted suicide triggered by everyday feelings. Conclusion We found that alcohol and drug abuse and the different life circumstances of men in their families and social relationships contributed to the suicide attempt.

[Environmental education for nursing faculty members: perception and relation to nurse training]. / Educação ambiental para docentes enfermeiros: percepção e relação com a formação do enfermeiro.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the perception of nursing teachers on environmental education and its relation to the professional training received by nurses. METHOD: exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study performed with 17 nurses working in Undergraduate Nursing courses at Federal Institutions of Higher Education of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected between January and April 2013, through semi-structured interviews and the analysis of pedagogical projects. Content analysis framework was used for data analysis. RESULTS: the following categories emerged: multiplicity of perceptions about environmental education, where environmental education, although still perceived through a naturalist bias, also includes a well rounded vision for socio-cultural context and human values; and environmental education in in the nursing education program, showing an incipient approach in vocational training, while recognizing its importance in nursing care. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental education must be fostered with the goal of providing training committed to environmental sustainability.

[Permanent health education based on research with professionals of a multidisciplinary residency program: case study]. / Educação permanente em saúde a partir de profissionais de uma residência multidisciplinar: estudo de caso.

This research aims to identify the perception of professional members ofa multi-professional residency program on Permanent Health Education. It is a case study research using a qualitative approach, with sixteen members of a multi-professional residency program. The data were collected from January to May 2012, through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and systematic observation, and analyzed according to Thematic Content Analysis. Two categories were identified: Permanent Health Education establishing collective spaces of reflection of practices and Permanent Health Education that promotes integration between disciplines. The members of the multiprofessional residencyteam were found to be aware that permanent education permeates theirtraining and enables reflection on their clinical practices and multidisciplinary action as producers of health actions.

[Perception of crack users in relation to use and treatment]. / Percepção dos usuários de crack em relação ao uso e tratamento.

The aim was to know the perception of crack/cocaine users about the use and treatment in a midsize general hospital, located in Rio Grande do Sul. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research that used semi-structured interviews with eight crack users,from September to October 2010. To analyze the data, we used content analysis from which two semantic categories emerged: drug use and seeking treatment. It was evidenced that drug use initiation in adolescence is related to social access or easy economic access, excessive load on studies and work, stress and not knowing about the possibility of chemical dependency, friends and family members influences, who also influence them on seeking treatment. We conclude that it is necessary to investigate the issue of crack users better and support actions on consume reduction, prevention and education to users.

Professional identity of mental health nurses: a phenomenological study in Merleau-Ponty.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the professional identity of Mental Health Nurses. METHOD: Qualitative research, based on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, conducted between October 2019 and April 2020, with sixteen Nurses working in the field of Mental Health, located in two municipalities of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The Phenomenological Interviewwas used to produce the data, which, after transcription, was submitted to analysis using the Analytics of Ambiguity. RESULTS: We outlined the categories: From Classical Psychiatry to Psychosocial Care;Identity leap mediated by the experience of the body itself. We understand that the know-how of Mental Health Nursing is being built in the intersubjectivity with users and the multiprofessional team. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Although the Nursing performance reveals ambiguities that show the transition between Classical Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, it proved to be powerful to make the "identity leap", a transcendence that shows how much this experience enables acting in Mental Health.

Mental suffering in family daily life: a temporal journey according to Merleau-Ponty.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the family's experience in relation to daily life with a family member experiencing mental suffering. METHODS: a qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological study grounded in Merleau-Ponty's ontology of experience was conducted in ten households in a city in the state of Bahia, Brazil, where 24 participants of the Intersubjectivity Wheels reside. The descriptions produced were subjected to the Ambiguity Analytics technique. RESULTS: the descriptions were categorized into: absence as a creative power of the sense of "being" and "not being a family"; and exclusion and acceptance as expressions of mental suffering in the family context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the experience of mental suffering in the family's daily life is marked by ambiguous feelings, such as joy and sadness, disappointment and satisfaction, lack of love and love. However, experiencing these feelings can mobilize the desire to "become" a family, increase the sense of autonomy and independence, and drive the formation of new family configurations.

[Treatment in a health care operational group: how it is perceived by users of alcohol and other drugs]. / Tratamento em um grupo operativo em saúde: percepção dos usuários de álcool e outras drogas.

This is a qualitative research which aimed to describe how users of alcohol and other drugs perceive their treatment in an operational group focused on teaching-learning health care. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 16 users of alcohol and other drugs who participated in an operational group that took place from January to March, 2010, in a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil. The users' testimonials were interpreted according to thematic content analyses, which revealed two categories: perception of the losses resultant of the use of alcohol and other drugs and perception of the operational group regarding their treatment. Results showed that the group can contribute to the abstinence process and the social inclusion of these users, and also highlighted the importance of the nurse in the coordination of mental health care groups.

[Adolescents under socio-educational measures: everyday ways of being and possibilities for nursing]. / Adolescente que cumpre medida socioeducativa: modos de ser no cotidiano e possibilidades para enfermagem.

This study aimed to understand the routine of the adolescent-being, who is under semi-liberty socio-educational measures. A phenomenological research was developed in unit of the Socio-Educational Treatment Foundation (Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Interviews were held with nine adolescents, from February to May, 2009. The Heideggerian analysis un-veiled that this socio-educational measure means a prison for them, something bad. They know they are not in the prison system due to their age and re-cognize they have thrown away their adolescence. In the institution, these youngsters go to school to learn something, to get some job. They express themselves through gossip, ambiguity and occupation. The conclusion is that the teenager is-thrown in that which is determined and remain in impersonality. For social reintegration they need the help of the socio-educational system, mediated by interdisciplinary work, and a support network for which the family, community and State are co-responsible.

Sensibility in the relations and interactions of teaching and learning to be and do nursing.

This qualitative study focused on proxemic feelings and feelings of detachment and ambiguity among professors-nurses concerning their experiences. This study aimed to reveal the meanings of sensibility held by being-professor-nurse in teaching and learning to be and do nursing. The theoretical-philosophical support is based on Merleau-Ponty's existential phenomenological approach and the hermeneutics phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur was used. Nineteen professors-nurses from a Higher Education institution in the South of Brazil were interviewed between November and December 2006. Sensibility was revealed as the capacity to observe details in order to intervene in a situation the best way possible, and also as a way to break with exclusive models of the cognitive-instrumental rationality of science and technique, since sensibility is the basis for developing other ways of teaching and learning to be and do Nursing.

[Factors associated with institutionalization: perspectives for children who suffered domestic violence]. / Fatores relacionados à institucionalização: perspectivas de crianças vítimas de violência intrafamiliar.

This is a qualitative study aimed to understand the factors associated with institutionalization of children who suffered domestic violence. It was carried out in two institutions for shelter in Southern Brazil in June and July, 2008. The creative sensitive method was chosen for data production and involved two dynamics of creativity and sensibility: playing on stage and body knowledge with four school-age children. The data were submitted to French discourse analysis. The results pointed out as factors associated to institutionalization: mother's mental disorders and alcohol abuse and aggression. We believe that the reconnaissance of the factors associated with domestic violence enables a preventive work, minimizing its deleterious effects to family as a whole. In this way, caring must be directed not only to the children whom suffered domestic violence but also to their families involving victims and aggressors.

Relationships between substance use, anxiety, depression and stress by public university workers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between psychoactive substance use, anxiety, depression and stress by workers at a Brazilian public university. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 345 workers from a public higher education institution, located in a city in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. RESULTS: Professionals with an average age of 38.9 years, 187 (54.2%) were women, 163 (47.2%) were single, 186 (53.9%) professed the Catholic religion, 223 (64.8%) had graduate school education. Of the workers, 122 (35.4%) considered their work to be stressful. The use of alcohol in the binge pattern (monthly) and heavy episodic drinking (weekly) were higher among workers with higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress. CONCLUSION: The use of alcohol in its different forms, stress, depression and anxiety show particularities that must be evaluated and recognized among the worker's health problems.

[The perception of surgical nursing caregivers regarding care given to patients with mental disorder]. / Percepção de uma equipe de enfermagem cirúrgica acerca do cuidado aos pacientes com transtorno mental.

The following study aimed to understand the meanings on the discourse of a Nursing Surgical team regarding the care given to patients with mental disorders submitted to surgical procedures. For such comprehension, a theoretical-philosophical referential by Maurice Merleau-Ponty has been examined. Concerning a methodological approach Paul Ricouer's hermeneutics has been used. Eight nursing caregivers from a public hospital in southern Brazil were interviewed from August to September 2008. The results showed the necessity of stimulating nursing caregivers in the reflective process in acting, thinking, and observing care given to patients with mental disorder; as well as to offer emotional support for them. The caregivers displayed the necessity of understanding the human being receiving care in order to be able to give thorough care as a being-in-the-world.

[Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology as a theoretical-philosophical framework in teaching research in nursing]. / Fenomenologia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty como referencial teórico-filosófico numa pesquisa de ensino em enfermagem.

This paper aims at describing the theoretical-philosophical appraoch used in the development of the qualitative research that constituted the thesis "Meanings of sensibility for being a nursing teacher-nurse in teaching and learning to be and do nursing in light of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology. This approach made it possible to seek subsidies for the questions that result from life experience, since the philosopher recognizes the body inserted in the world as a constitution of the subjectivity and expression of speech. According to the Merleau-Pontyan thought, it is possible to comprehend the language as gesture and body expression in the perceptive experiences of the other when interviews are done with the participants. The results indicate the importance of phenomenology as it helped the researchers to figure out their own ways, know the feelings, behaviors, and the relations with the other in a dynamic world, which is in constant transformation and that develops a dialogue and makes connections with life.

Motives behind the work of harm reducers with drug users: a phenomenological study. / Motivos da ação do redutor de danos junto ao usuário de drogas: um estudo fenomenológico.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the motives behind the actions of harm reducers when working with drug users. METHOD: Qualitative research conducted in the municipality in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in May 2017, by means of phenomenological interviews with 17 harm reducers. We analyzed and interpreted the data using the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. RESULTS: Data analysis led to the following three categories: expectation of changes in the user's sphere of life, motivation at work from the recognition of their actions, and relationship with others as a life-learning experience. CONCLUSION: The reasons harm reducers work with drug users are related to the family, search for a home, employment, access to health care, rights, and stigma, as well as the positive results of their work, personal satisfaction, and learning with drug users.

Feelings of pleasure of nurses working in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: identify the sources that generate feelings of pleasure at work in the perception of primary care nurses. METHODS: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed with eleven nurses working in Primary Health Care Units. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, systematized and analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique and based on the theoretical framework of Psychodynamics of Work. RESULTS: pleasure at work was related to the resolubility of the nurse's work, interpersonal relationship with the team, therapeutic relationship with the community, positive professional return, identification with work in nursing and public health. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The factors that generate feelings of pleasure may contribute to guide actions that value the optimization of the nurses' work and, consequently, the care provided to the primary care user.

[The stated and non-stated on the part of the nurse-teacher being in the comprehension of sensibility]. / O dito e o não-dito do ser-docente-enfermeiro/a na compreensão da sensibilidade.

This study aims to describe the stated and non-stated information in the comprehension of sensibility on the part of the nursing teacher-nurse being in the teaching of Nursing. The theoretical- philosophical reference was sought in the Phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and the methodological support was based on the hermeneutic phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur. Nineteen nursing teachers-nurses from a Public Institution of Higher Education in the south of Brazil were interviewed during the months of November and December 2006. Data analysis revealed sensibility as the base for the development of doing, thinking, caring and doing research. Without sensibility, the relations and interactions in teaching in Nursing will be only techniques and theories of healthcare.

VER-SUS project: Influences on the training and performance of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influences of the Vivências e Estágios na Realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (Brazilian Unified Health System), in the training and performance of nurses. METHOD: A qualitative study was carried out with 14 nurses who participated in the VER-SUS project in Rio Grande do Sul State. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview technique. The data were analyzed, interpreted and discussed, through the technique of Content Analysis. RESULTS: The categories "VER-SUS Influences on Nursing Training for SUS" and "VER-SUS Contributions for Nurses Performance in the SUS" were highlighted. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It was possible to identify the influences of the VER-SUS project in the training and performance of the nursing professionals, pointing out the revision of the Pedagogical Projects of Course and the preparation of the teachers, as a way to carry out the training with emphasis in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

Sonhos e utopias para a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial: perspectivas de trabalhadores* / Sueños y utopías para la Red de Atención Psicosocial: perspectivas de trabajadores / Dreams and utopias for the Psychosocial Care Network: perspectives of workers

Objetivo: identificar os sonhos dos trabalhadores sobre como poderia ser o futuro do trabalho na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS). Método: pesquisa apreciativa, qualitativa, com abordagem participativa, orientada pelo Ciclo Descoberta, Sonho, Planejamento e Destino, articulada ao referencial teórico de Paulo Freire. Participaram 13 trabalhadores da RAPS de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A produção dos dados ocorreu de dezembro de 2019 a julho de 2020, com entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos de discussão gravados. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da codificação, categorização e identificação de temas. Resultados: os trabalhadores sonham com uma Rede com recursos humanos e estruturais suficientes; fluxo assistencial definido coletivamente; aproximação com a gestão; trabalho no território; trabalhadores comprometidos, valorização e atenção à sua saúde mental. Conclusão: os sonhos convergiram com o que já é preconizado nas políticas públicas, mas requerem um coletivo organizado e comprometido, que lute pelas mudanças.

Objective: to identify the dreams of workers about how the future of work in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS - Rede de Atenção Psicossocial) could be. Method: appreciative, qualitative research, with a participatory approach, guided by the Discovery, Dream, Planning and Destination Cycle, articulated to the theoretical framework of Paulo Freire. Thirteen RAPS workers from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil participated. Data were produced from December 2019 to July 2020, with semi-structured interviews and recorded discussion groups. Data analysis was performed through coding, categorization and identification of themes. Results: workers dream of a network with sufficient human and structural resources; care flow defined collectively; approach to management; work in the territory; committed workers, appreciation and attention to their mental health. Conclusion: dreams converged with what is already advocated in public policies, but require an organized and committed collective that fights for change.

Objetivo: identificar los sueños de los trabajadores sobre cómo podría ser el futuro del trabajo en la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS). Método: investigación apreciativa, cualitativa, con abordaje participativo, orientada por el Ciclo Descubrimiento, Sueño, Planificación y Destino, articulada al referencial teórico de Paulo Freire. Participaron 13 trabajadores de la RAPS de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La producción de los datos tuvo lugar de diciembre de 2019 a julio de 2020, con entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos de discusión grabados. El análisis de los datos fue realizado por medio de la codificación, categorización e identificación de temas. Resultados: los trabajadores sueñan con una Red con recursos humanos y estructurales suficientes; flujo asistencial definido colectivamente; aproximación con la gestión; trabajo en el territorio; trabajadores comprometidos, valorización y atención a su salud mental. Conclusión: los sueños convergieron con lo que ya es preconizado en las políticas públicas, pero requieren un colectivo organizado y comprometido, que luche por los cambios.