Influence of type of starch and feeding management on glycaemic control in diabetic dogs.

The present study evaluated the effects of two diets with different starch sources and two feeding methods on the glycaemic control in dogs with diabetes mellitus. The diets had similar nutrient contents (40% starch and 16% dietary fibre), one formulated with 46% of broken rice and the other with 42% sorghum and 10% lentils (as-fed). Ten client-owned diabetic dogs were fed with each diet for 2 months, in a crossover design. Five dogs received NPH human insulin and food every 12 h (feeding method 1), and the other five received insulin every 12 h but were fed three times a day (feeding method 2). In feeding method 2, morning insulin was higher than the evening dose and dogs received the second meal after 4 to 5 h of the morning insulin and meal. Parameters evaluated included insulin dosage, 12- and 8-h glycaemic curves, complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis. Glycaemic curves were analysed by ANOVA with repeated measures. Glycaemic control parameters (fasting, mean, minimum and maximum glycaemia and serum fructosamine) and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were calculated and analysed by paired t test (p < 0.05). In feeding method 1, dogs fed the sorghum-based diet presented lower mean (p = 0.04) and minimum blood glucose concentrations (p = 0.03), and a tendency to lower maximum blood glucose (p = 0.06) and glucose AUC (p = 0.08) than when fed the rice-based diet. When food was provided twice a day, the ingestion of the rice-based diet resulted in higher post-prandial glucose response than the diet with sorghum and lentil. In feeding method 2, there was no effect of diet on the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). No differences in insulin dosage were observed between groups or feeding methods (p > 0.05). Providing two meals a day followed by insulin administration associated with the sorghum- and lentil-based diet improved glycaemic control in diabetic dogs.

Effects of nutritional support on hospital outcome in dogs and cats.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of assisted nutritional support on hospital outcome in dogs and cats, and the relationship between hospital outcome and energy intake, body condition score (BCS), physical status score, and type of nutritional support used. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of hospitalized animals. SETTING: Teaching Veterinary Hospital. ANIMALS: Four hundred and sixty-seven dogs and 55 cats. INTERVENTIONS: Routine clinical nutritional support. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following variables were recorded for each animal: energy intake, body weight at admission and discharge, BCS, physical status score, and type of nutritional support used. Disease severity was negatively associated with hospital outcome and energy intake (P=0.009). Energy intake was positively associated with hospital discharge (P<0.001). Outcome may be related to BCS, with discharge rates of 73% for animals with low BCS, and 84.7% for those at an ideal BCS or overweight (P=0.04). Sixty-four percent of animals showed voluntary food intake (92.9% were discharged), 19.0% received enteral support (71.8% were discharged), 7.0% were forced fed (75.0% were discharged), 6.0% received parenteral support (61.9% were discharged), and 4.0% did not receive calories (38.4% were discharged), suggesting a possible relationship between the type of nutritional support, energy intake, and outcome (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Energy supply, even if modest and close to resting energy requirements appears to be positively associated with hospital discharge. However, disease severity was the main negative factor on outcome and also had a negative effect on energy intake, making it difficult to separate the effects of both factors when interpreting hospital discharge. Thin animals with low BCS had greater mortality.

Dermatose responsiva à biotina em cão / Dermatosis responsive to Biotin in a dog

Os transtornos da pele e dos pelos são parte importante na prática clínica de pequenos animais. Numerosos fatores nutricionais afetam a homeostase, a qualidade e o aspecto da pelagem. As vitaminas do complexo B incluem compostos hidrossolúveis necessários como coenzimas em diversas funções celulares envolvidas no metabolismo energético e na síntese tecidual. A biotina, em especial, é necessária nas reações de carboxilação, participando da síntese de ácidos graxos, aminoácidos e purinas pelo tecido epitelial. Uma cadela com quadro de cistite recorrente e tumor venéreo transmissível foi tratada com antibioticoterapia prolongada e quimioterapia. Após alguns meses de tratamento, foram observadas lesões no plano nasal e nos coxins plantar e palmar, caracterizadas por hiperceratose, espessamento, fissuras, sangramento e inflamação. O paciente recebeu suplementação de 15mg de biotina por via oral (equivalente a 1,4mg kg-1 de peso corporal), uma vez por dia, durante 60 dias, havendo importante regressão das lesões. Sugere-se que, sob antibioticoterapia e doença, a síntese intestinal de biotina possa não ter sido suficiente, sendo necessária sua suplementação.

Skin and hair diseases are an important part in small animal's clinical practice. Many nutritional factors can affect the quality and the aspect of the coat. B complex vitamins are water-soluble compounds used as coenzymes in several cellular functions that are involved in energy metabolism and tissue synthesis. Biotin, in particular, is necessary for carboxylation reactions, fatty acids synthesis, and incorporation of essential amino acids and purines in the epithelial tissue. A female canine with recurrent cystitis and sticker tumor was treated chemotherapy and prolonged antibiotic therapy. After a few months of medications, lesions were observed in nasal plan and palmar and plantar pads, characterized by hyperkeratosis, skin thickness, bleeding fissures, and inflammation. The patient was treated with 15mg of oral biotin supplementation (1.4mg kg-1 of body weight) once a day, for 60 days, with significant regression of skin lesions at the end of this period. These findings suggest that in certain diseases and particularly in prolonged antibiotics therapy, intestinal biotin synthesis may not be adequate, demanding oral supplementation.

Manejo nutricional e digestibilidade no quilotórax canino / Nutritional therapy and digestibility in canine chylotorax

O quilotórax corresponde ao acúmulo de fluido linfático em um ou em ambos os espaços pleurais, resultante do extravasamento de linfa do ducto torácico ou de uma de suas divisões principais. Este pode estar associado à ascite quilosa em pacientes com distúrbios linfáticos sistêmicos, como na linfangiectasia, em decorrência de defeitos no transporte linfático-venoso do quilo da cavidade torácica para a circulação sistêmica. A linfangiectasia intestinal é um distúrbio obstrutivo que envolve o sistema linfático do órgão e revela-se como a causa mais comum de enteropatias associadas à má absorção e perda de proteínas em cães. São apresentados no presente relato o controle clínico com o uso de dieta caseira com baixa gordura e a quantificação da função digestiva, por meio da determinação da digestibilidade do alimento, em um cão acometido por quilotórax secundário à linfangiectasia intestinal. A dieta caseira incluiu arroz, peito de frango, cenoura, carbonato de cálcio, levedura de cerveja, suplemento vitamínico e mineral e sal. O ensaio de digestibilidade foi conduzido pelo método de coleta total de fezes. A dieta caseira foi eficaz em interromper o acúmulo de efusão quilosa torácica, restabelecer as concentrações de proteína total e albumina e promover ganho de peso no paciente. Os resultados da digestibilidade demonstraram menor aproveitamento de todos os nutrientes no cão com linfangiectasia em relação ao controle sadio.

Chylothorax corresponds to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in one or both pleural spaces, resulting from the leak of thoracic duct or of one of their main divisions. This can be associated to chylous ascites in patients with systemic lymphatic disturbances, as in lymphangiectasia, due to defects in the lymphatic-veined transport of chylo from thoracic cavity to systemic circulation. Intestinal lymphangiectasia is an obstructive disturbance that involves lymphatic system of gastrintestinal tract and it’s the more common cause of enteropathies associated to reduced-absorption and protein loss in dogs. A clinical management of a dog assaulted by chylothorax secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia is described. A homemade low fat diet was used, and the quantification of digestive function, through the determination of diet’s digestibility, was performed. The homemade diet included rice, chicken chest, carrot, calcium carbonate, yeast, vitamin and mineral supplement and salt. The digestibility assay was carried out by total feces collection method. Homemade diet was efficient in stop recurrence of chylous thoracic effusion accumulation, recovery of serum concentrations of total protein and albumin, and promotes weight gain. Compared to the healthy control dog, animal with lymphangiectasia showed reduced digestibility of all analyzed nutrients.