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BACKGROUND: Colonic self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are used in obstructive colorectal cancer patients as a bridge to surgery. However, its oncologic safety remains uncertain. Therefore, we attempted to clarify this further with an experimental study and constructed a mouse model of colonic cancer. METHODS: CT26 cells were injected in the rectal wall, and to mimic SEMS, a cardiac stent was inserted under endoscopy in occlusive (75 % lumen occlusion) tumors. We set up a control group (n = 22) and a stent group (n = 16), and the findings were compared. We focused on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations, circulating tumor cells, survival time, peritoneal carcinomatosis, liver metastases, and bioluminescence. RESULTS: One week after stent insertion, the serum LDH concentrations were significantly higher in the stent group (506 ± 203 IU/L) compared to the controls (229 ± 52 IU/L) (P = 0.005). The average survival time before sacrifice was significantly lower in the stent group (15.2 ± 1 days) compared to the controls (20 ± 5 days) (P = 0.005). The presence of a peritoneal carcinomatosis was more frequently observed in the stent group (75 %) than in the controls (50 %). Liver metastases were observed in 19 % of the stent group compared to the controls (4.5 %) (P = 0.29). After multivariate analysis, the stent group was still found to be associated with significantly lower survival time (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These observations led us to conclude that in our mouse model, SEMS resulted in an increased metastatic process and a shorter survival time. We suggest, therefore, that the utmost caution be exercised when opting for a stent as a bridge to surgery.
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Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Obstrução Intestinal/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Stents/efeitos adversos , Animais , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Humanos , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Management of asthma in chronically affected patients is a serious health problem. Our aim was to show that surgical treatment of chronic bronchial asthma by unilateral resection of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ib-SLN) is an adequateand lasting remedial response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, 41 (26 male and 15 female) patients with bronchial chronic asthma were treated surgically during the period between 2005 and 2013. It consisted of a unilateral resection of the ib-SLN under optical zoom, on patients placed in supinator position. 35 patients (24 male and 11 female) who were un-operated were included as a control. RESULTS: In all patients, medication was reduced progressively. When the results were compared with the control group, it was seen that in 26% of the patients, both forced expiratory volume (FEV) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased significantly (p <05) and only modestly in 53.6% of patients (FEV, p <05 and PEF, p <05). In the remaining 20% of patients, these parameters remained however unchanged. Overall, in 80% of patients unilateral resection of the ib-SLN gave satisfactory results because it shortened the intervals and duration of asthmatic attacks, rendering thereby a reduction in medication. CONCLUSION: This minimal-invasive method helped prevent/cure asphyxias in chronic bronchial asthma without affecting cough reflex,respiratory control and phonation and it helped patients avoid severe crisis. This approach is of interest for patients with severe and/or uncontrolled bronchial asthma in settings with limited access to drug treatment.
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Asma/cirurgia , Nervos Laríngeos/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Asma/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Treatment of peritoneal metastasis from appendicular adenocarcinoma consists of cyto-reductive surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic IntraPEritoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). In case of acute appendicular syndrome (AAS) the tumor is likely to be perforated. In that case, there is no treatment recommendation. We propose CRS and HIPEC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We listed 21 consecutive patients who were addressed for discovery of appendiceal adenocarcinoma. The emergency surgery was performed in a primary-care hospital. We evaluated the therapeutic algorithms, per operative decision, survival and recurrent rate. RESULTS: Among the 21 patients, 4 patients were diagnosed as synchronous appendicular peritoneal metastasis, and underwent CRS and HIPEC. The other 17 patients with diagnosis of adenocarcinoma on anatomopathological samples, without peritoneal metastasis during appendectomy, were addressed. Between them 2 patients were denied CRS. Among the 15 operated patients, 8 patients had no peritoneal metastasis discovery during surgery, and therefore underwent prophylactic CRS and HIPEC. Peritoneal metastasis were discovered for the other 7 patients, who also underwent CRS and HIPEC. For the prophylactic group, the recurrence rate is 12,5 %, overall survival (OS) is 100 %. The rate of grade III-IV surgical complications after CRS and HIPEC was 36 % among the 19 patients who underwent surgery. CONCLUSION: In case of appendectomy in emergency situations for perforated adenocarcinoma, half of the patients may have peritoneal metastasis. In case of non-identified peritoneal metastasis during CRS, performing a prophylactic HIPEC seems to be associated with an encouraging rate of peritoneal disease free situation at 5 years.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias do Apêndice , Apendicite , Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Terapia Combinada , Apendicite/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Doença Aguda , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The compilation of previous genomewide association studies of AIDS shows a major polymorphism in the HCP5 gene associated with both control of the viral load and long-term nonprogression (LTNP) to AIDS. METHODS: To look for genetic variants that affect LTNP without necessary control of the viral load, we reanalyzed the genomewide data of the unique LTNP Genomics of Resistance to Immunodeficiency Virus (GRIV) cohort by excluding "elite controller" patients, who were controlling the viral load at very low levels (<100 copies/mL). RESULTS: The rs2234358 polymorphism in the CXCR6 gene was the strongest signal (P=2.5 x 10(-7); odds ratio, 1.85) obtained for the genomewide association study comparing the 186 GRIV LTNPs who were not elite controllers with 697 uninfected control subjects. This association was replicated in 3 additional independent European studies, reaching genomewide significance of P(combined)=9.7 x 10(-10). This association with LTNP is independent of the CCR2-CCR5 locus and the HCP5 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical significance, the replication, and the magnitude of the association demonstrate that CXCR6 is likely involved in the molecular etiology of AIDS and, in particular, in LTNP, emphasizing the power of extreme-phenotype cohorts. CXCR6 is a chemokine receptor that is known as a minor coreceptor in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection but could participate in disease progression through its role as a mediator of inflammation.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Estudos de Associação Genética , Sobreviventes de Longo Prazo ao HIV , Receptores de Quimiocinas/genética , Receptores Virais/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Estudos de Coortes , HIV-1 , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores CXCR6 , Receptores de Quimiocinas/imunologia , Receptores Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous genomewide association studies (GWASs) of AIDS have targeted end points based on the control of viral load and disease nonprogression. The discovery of genetic factors that predispose individuals to rapid progression to AIDS should also reveal new insights into the molecular etiology of the pathology. METHODS: We undertook a case-control GWAS of a unique cohort of 85 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients who experienced rapid disease progression, using Illumina HumanHap300 BeadChips. The case group was compared with a control group of 1352 individuals for the 291,119 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) passing the quality control tests, using the false-discovery rate (FDR) statistical method for multitest correction. RESULTS: Novel associations with rapid progression (FDR, < or = 25%) were identified for PRMT6 (P = 6.1 x 10(-7); odds ratio [OR], 0.24), SOX5 (P = 1.8 x 10(-6); OR, 0.45), RXRG (P = 3.9 x 10(-6); OR, 3.29), and TGFBRAP1 (P = 7 x 10(-6); OR, 0.34). The haplotype analysis identified exonic and promoter SNPs potentially important for PRMT6 and TGFBRAP1 function. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical and biological relevance of these associations and their high ORs underscore the power of extreme phenotypes for GWASs, even with a modest sample size. These genetic results emphasize the role of the transforming growth factor beta pathway in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease. Finally, the wealth of information provided by this study should help unravel new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genoma Humano , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Genótipo , Soropositividade para HIV , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Mechanisms by which fibroblast networks between stromal lamellae are laid in the corneal stroma are far from clear. We have investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) by in vitro studies in the human corneal network formation obtained from donors whose ages ranged from 19 to 89 years. METHODS: Corneal fibroblasts were prepared from cornea donations. The functional properties of these cells to form networks were analyzed using a semi solid matrix (substratum) of Matrigel. The presence of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and the functionality in these fibroblasts were investigated using immunofluorescence, molecular analysis (gene microarray, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and VEGFR siRNA transfections), and cell culture. RESULTS: Corneal fibroblasts from 61 donors were classified into two groups according to whether they formed (82%) a reticulum on Matrigel or not (18%). By RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis, we showed that corneal fibroblasts expressed VEGFR-1 (mRNA and protein). Further, cell culture analysis revealed that only the network (reticulum) forming corneal fibroblast expressed VEGFR-1 in contrast to non network-forming fibroblasts. Use of inhibitors such as VEGFR-1 siRNA transfection or neutralizing antibody (Avastin) indicated that VEGFR-1 was essential to the formation of the corneal network in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The cell reticulum formation seemed to be directly related to the expression of VEGFR-1 in the corneal fibroblast, and this expression decreased with age. The decrease in VEGFR-1 expression is probably related to the diminution of autocrine functions, which may alter the overall tissular homeostasis. This may culminate in the gradual development of poor vision, which is observed in certain pathologies and in aging individuals.
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Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Córnea/citologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Combinação de Medicamentos , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunofluorescência , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Laminina/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Doadores de Tecidos , Transfecção , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/farmacologia , Fator C de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/farmacologia , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Members of the secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2) protein family can inhibit HIV-1 virus replication in vitro. To evaluate the impact of PLA2 gene polymorphisms on AIDS disease development, we studied 12 family members using SNPlextrade mark technology that permitted simultaneous typing of 70 tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (tagSNPs). The study utilized HIV-1 seropositive donors with slow progressor (n=168) or rapid progressor (n=54) status, plus 355 control subjects. All donors were Caucasian (total 577 individuals). Genetic associations yielded mainly 0.01
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Fosfolipases A2/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , França , Genômica/métodos , Haplótipos , Humanos , População BrancaRESUMO
Antiangiogenics administration in colorectal cancer patients seemed promising therapeutic approach. Inspite of early encouraging results, it however gave only modest clinical benefits. When AAG was administered with discontinuous schedule, the disease showed acceleration in certain cases. Though resistance to AAG has been extensively studied, it is not documented for discontinuous schedules. To simulate clinical situations, we subjected a patient-derived CRC subcutaneous xenograft in mice to three different protocols: 1) AAG (bevacizumab) treatment for 30 days (group A) (group B was the control), 2) bevacizumab treatment for 50 days (group C) and bevacizumab for 30 days and 20 without treatment (group D), and 3) bevacizumab treatment for 70 days (group E) and 70 days treatment with a drug-break period between day 30 and 50 (group F). The tumor growth was monitored, and at sacrifice, the vascularity of tumors was measured and the proangiogenic factors quantified. Tumor phenotype was studied by quantifying cancer stem cells. Interrupting bevacizumab during treatment accelerated tumor growth and revascularization. A significant increase of proangiogenic factors was observed when therapy was stopped. On withdrawal of bevacizumab, as also after the drug-break period, the plasmatic VEGF increased significantly. Similarly, a notable increase of CSCs after the withdrawal and drug-break period of bevacizumab was observed (P<.01). The present study indicates that bevacizumab treatment needs to be maintained because discontinuous schedules tend to trigger tumor regrowth, and increase tumor resistance and CSC heterogeneity.
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Large-scale genomic studies in cohorts have been made possible for the last few years thanks to the progress of molecular biology and bioinformatics. This systematic approach allows a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease development and as a consequence can contribute to the rational design of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. We present here the exhaustive genotyping of a candidate gene, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), in the genetic of resistance to immunodeficiency virus (GRIV) AIDS cohort. This gene was chosen because it is likely to be involved in the apoptosis pathways of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells during human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. Seven frequent polymorphisms were characterized in 319 HIV-1 seropositive patients from the GRIV cohort with extreme disease progression phenotypes, slow progression or rapid progression, and in 427 healthy controls. The TNFR1 gene locus does not appear to be part of any haploblock and contains only a small haploblock of two successive SNPs. One promoter SNP (TNFR1_17444594, position -581) and one intronic SNP (TNFR1_27223241, position +11511) gave weak positive signals of association (resp. P=0.03 and P=0.04) as well as two haplotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic association study dealing with the TNFR1 gene in AIDS and the putative associations identified will need to be validated through other AIDS cohort analyses or by further biological experimentation.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/genética , HIV-1 , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , França , Frequência do Gene , Genômica , Genótipo , Soropositividade para HIV , Humanos , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , População BrancaRESUMO
We have compared the levels of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and G4 (IgG4) in extreme seropositive patients from the GRIV cohort consisting of 168 patients with slow progression (SP) and 60 with rapid progression (RP) as well as in 173 healthy controls. IgG levels were significantly higher in SP patients than in RP patients (P = 0.008), both higher than in seronegative individuals. IgG4 levels were significantly lower in SP patients than in RP patients (P = 0.001), both lower than in seronegative individuals. We tried to correlate these levels with biological parameters (CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, total lymphocytes, white blood cell counts, percentage of CD4(+) cells, and viral load) as well as with genetic markers from Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL13, and IFNgamma). IgG levels were correlated with the percentage of CD4(+) cells in SP while IgG4 levels were correlated with CD8(+) cell count in SP and with percentage of CD4(+) cells in RP patients. Among the parameters measured in SP patients at the time of inclusion in the study, the best predictor of progression towards AIDS was the viral load, the best predictor for stability was CD4(+) cell count, but overall, the best predictor for SP evolution (stability vs. progression) appeared to be the percentage of CD4(+) cells. Interestingly, correlations between the levels of IgG or IgG4 and the cytokine gene polymorphisms were found, notably in the IL10 gene.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Soropositividade para HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Infecções por HIV/genética , Soropositividade para HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/genética , MasculinoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of activated protein C (aPC), known to be a physiological anticoagulant, in ovarian cancer cell activation as well as in loss of clotting of cancer ascitic fluid. The effect of aPC on an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) was tested in regards to i) cell migration and adhesion with the use of adhesion and wound healing assays as well as a droplet test; ii) protein phosphorylation, evaluated by cyto-ELISA; iii) cell cycle modification assessed by flow cytometric DNA quantification; and iv) anticoagulant activity evaluated by the prolongation of partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of normal plasma in the presence or absence of aPC-treated ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) was quantified by ELISA in ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian cancer. Our results showed that in the OVCAR-3 aPC-induced cells i) an increase in cell migration was noted, which was inhibited when anti-endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) was added to the culture medium and which may act via MEK-ERK and Rho-GTPase pathways; ii) an increase in threonine, and to a lesser extent tyrosine phosphorylation; iii) cell cycle activation (G1 to S/G2); and iv) a 2-3-fold prolongation of aPTT of normal plasma. In the peritoneal fluid, the sEPCR concentration was 71 ± 23 ng/ml. In conclusion, free aPC binds to membrane EPCR in ovarian cancer cells and induces cell migration via MEK-ERK and Rho-GTPase pathways. This binding could also explain the loss of clotting of peritoneal fluids.
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Anticoagulantes/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Líquido Ascítico/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Proteína C/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Líquido Ascítico/patologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Receptor de Proteína C Endotelial , Feminino , Fibrina/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Transdução de Sinais , Microambiente Tumoral , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The importance of the insulin-like growth factor, IGF, as a signaling axis in cancer development, progression and metastasis is highlighted by its effects on cancer cells, notably proliferation and acquired resistance. The role of the microenvironment within which cancer cells evolve and which mediates this effect is far from clear. Here, the involvement of IGF-I in inducing multidrug resistance in a myeloid leukemia cell line, grown in the presence of bone marrow-derived stromal cells called 'Hospicells' (BMH), is demonstrated. We found that i) drug sensitive as well as resistant leukemia cells express IGF-I and its receptor IGF-IR. However, the resistant cells were found to secrete high levels of IGF-I. ii) Presence of exogenous IGF-I promoted cell proliferation, which decreased when an inhibitor of IGF-IR (picropodophyllin, PPP) was added. iii) BMH and IGF-I are both involved in the regulation of genes of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) related to resistance development (MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3 and BCRP). iv) The levels of ABC gene expression by leukemia cells were found to increase in the presence of increasing numbers of BMH. However, these levels decreased when IGF-IR was inhibited by addition of PPP. v) Co-culture of the drug-sensitive leukemia cells with BMH induced protection against the action of daunorubicin. This chemoresistance was amplified by the presence of IGF-I whereas it decreased when IGF-IR was inhibited. Our results underline the role of microenvironment in concert with the IGF-1 pathway in conferring drug resistance to leukemia cells.
Assuntos
Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/farmacologia , Leucemia/patologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Podofilotoxina/análogos & derivados , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Daunorrubicina/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia/metabolismo , Podofilotoxina/farmacologia , Receptor IGF Tipo 1 , Receptores de Somatomedina/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Somatomedina/metabolismoRESUMO
Interaction between tumor cells and their micro-environment has a crucial role in the development, progression and drug resistance of cancer. Our objective was to confirm the role of Hospicells, which are stromal cells from the cancer microenvironment, in drug resistance and tumor cell growth. We demonstrated that soluble factors secreted by Hospicells activate several genes and upregulate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. Hospicells express all insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family as detected by gene array, RT-PCR, protein array and immunocytochemistry. While focusing attention on the microenvironment, we considered the role of IGF-I in proliferation and survival of ovarian cancer cells. Indeed, IGF-I is a major regulator of different stages of cancer development. We studied the effect of exogenously added IGF-I on the regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes (MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP5 and BCRP) in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 and validated the results obtained using the IGF-IR antagonist picropodophyllin. IGF-I regulates the expression of ABC genes in OVCAR3 cells via the PI3-kinase, MEK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. The OVCAR3 cell line when co-cultured with Hospicells showed a marked degree of drug resistance. The drug resistance observed could be amplified with exogenous IGF-I. Addition of IGF-IR inhibitor, however, reduced the degree of resistance in these exposed cells. Cells that were treated with anticancer drugs and then exposed to IGF-I showed an increase in drug resistance and, thereby, an increase in cell survival. This observation indicates that drug resistance of OVCAR3 cells increases when there is synergy between OVCAR3 cells and Hospicells and it is amplified when IGF-I was exogenously added. In conclusion, inhibition of IGF-IR and targeting of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway can be a target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/administração & dosagem , Janus Quinase 2/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/biossíntese , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Podofilotoxina/análogos & derivados , Podofilotoxina/farmacologia , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Transdução de Sinais , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMO
In spite of the growing importance of endothelial protein C receptor/active protein C (EPCR/aPC) in tumor biology, their impact on immunological homeostasis remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to assess whether soluble plasma endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR), which is a regulator of circulating aPC, is involved in innate immune response in cancer patients. In the Ovcar-3 ovarian cancer line, the role of aPC in secretion of cytokines was analyzed. In parallel, in 33 patients, with a diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer, sEPCR was quantified, blood immune cell phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry and plasma cytokines were evaluated using a protein array. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (r) and coefficient significance was determined by a statistical hypothesis test (α=0.05). Our results show that i) aPC induced the secretion of several cytokines in Ovcar-3 cells; ii) 61% of patients exhibited a concentration of plasma sEPCR well above the baseline (normal plasma level, 100 ± 28 ng/ml); iii) comparing immune cell phenotypes in patients having a normal level of sEPCR with those having a high level of sEPCR, it was found that sEPCR levels were correlated with high intensity of cells expressing CD45ra, CD3, CD8, CD25 and low intensity of cells expressing CD56 (NK cells), CD294 (TH2 cells), IL-2, IL-10, IL-17a (TH17 cells), IL-21 (TH21 cells) and CD29 markers (r ≥ 0.60); and iv) high levels of sEPCR correlate with high levels of plasma bioactive proteins such as insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGFII), IL-13rα, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP1α) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) that have already been proposed as biomarkers for ovarian cancer and particularly those with poor prognosis. In conclusion, sEPCR produced by ovarian cancer cells, by modulating circulating aPC, influences the secretory behavior of tumor cells (cytokines and interleukins). Consequently, sEPCR in turn acts on the innate immune response by decreasing effector cells such as natural killer and T helper cells (TH2, TH17 and TH21).
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Antígenos CD/biossíntese , Imunidade Inata/genética , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Proteína C/biossíntese , Receptores de Superfície Celular/biossíntese , Células Th17/imunologia , Adulto , Antígenos CD/sangue , Antígenos CD/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Receptor de Proteína C Endotelial , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-2/sangue , Interleucinas/sangue , Células Matadoras Naturais/patologia , Metaloproteinase 7 da Matriz/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/sangue , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Proteína C/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/sangue , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Células Th17/patologiaRESUMO
CD133 mesenchymal cells were enriched using magnetic microbead anti-CD133 antibody from bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs). Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry analysis using specific antibodies revealed that these cells were essentially 89 ± 4% CD133(+) and 8 ± 5% CD34(+). CD133(+)/CD34(+) BMMNCs secrete important bioactive proteins such as cardiotrophin-1, angiogenic and neurogenic factors, morphogenetic proteins, and proinflammatory and remodeling factors in vitro. Single intracoronary infusions of autologous CD133(+)/CD34(+) BMMNCs are effective and reduce infarct size in patients as analyzed by Tc99m MIBI myocardial scintigraphy. The majority of patients were treated via left coronary artery. Nine months after cell therapy, 5 out of 8 patients showed a net positive response to therapy in different regions of the heart. Uptake of Tc99 isotope and revitalization of the heart area in inferoseptal region are more pronounced (P = 0.016) as compared to apex and anterosptal regions after intracoronary injection of the stem cells. The cells chosen here have the properties essential for their potential use in cell therapy and their homing can be followed without major difficulty by the scintigraphy. The cell therapy proposed here is safe and should be practiced, as we found, in conjunction with scintigraphic observation of areas of heart which respond optimally to the infusion of autologous CD133(+)/CD34(+) BMMNCs.
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We have previously demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is critical for breast cancer cell migration and is necessary but not sufficient for tubular network formation. Given the important angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we investigate here its possible contribution in tubular network formation and its link with MMP-9. Exposure of resistant epithelial breast cancer cells (rMCF-7) to Avastin, a VEGF neutralising antibody, suppresses tubular network formation but not cell migration. However, their exposure to MMP-9 inhibitor markedly decreases both parameters. Besides, the addition of exogenous VEGF or MMP-9 alone or in combination to sensitive parental cells (sMCF-7) or rMCF-7 cells enhances tubular network formation by rMCF-7 cells but not by sMCF-7 cells. The evaluation of the expression levels of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) subtypes shows that sMCF-7 cells express only small quantities of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 compared with rMCF-7 cells that express strong quantities. However, treatment of sMCF-7 cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, induces both tubular network formation and VEGFR-2/VEGFR-3 over-expressions. Interestingly, exposure of rMCF-7 cells or PMA-treated sMCF-7 cells to the specific inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 reduces markedly the tubular network formation. Together, our results demonstrate that the proteolytic enzyme MMP-9 promotes rMCF-7 cell migration and, consequently, tubular network formation through VEGFR-2/ VEGFR-3 activation. Understanding of mechanisms involved in vasculogenic mimicry and cell migration related to MMP-9 and VEGF may open new opportunities to improve cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/genética , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Receptor 3 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacologia , Bevacizumab , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/administração & dosagem , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/administração & dosagem , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Elevated plasma level of soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) may be an indicator of thrombotic risk. The present study aims to correlate leukemia-associated hypercoagulability to high level plasma sEPCR and proposes its measurement in routine clinical practice. EPCR expressions in leukemic cell lines were determined by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). EPCR gene sequence of a candidate cell line HL-60 was also determined. Plasma samples (n = 76) and bone marrow aspirates (n = 72) from 148 patients with hematologic malignancies and 101 healthy volunteers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via a retrospective study for sEPCR and D-dimer. All leukemic cell lines were found to express EPCR. Also, HL-60 EPCR gene sequence showed extensive similarities with the endothelial reference gene. All single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) originally described and some new SNPs were revealed in the promoter and intronic regions. Among these patients 67% had plasma sEPCR level higher than the controls (100 ± 28 ng/mL), wherein 16.3% patients had experienced a previous thrombotic event. These patients were divided into: group-1 (n = 45) with amount of plasmatic sEPCR below 100 ng/mL, group-2 (n = 45) where the concentration of sEPCR was between 100 and 200, and group-3 (n = 20) higher than 200 ng/mL. The numbers of thrombotic incidence recorded in each group were four, six, and eight, respectively. These results reveal that EPCR is expressed not only by a wide range of human malignant hematological cells but also the detection of plasma sEPCR levels provides a powerful insight into thrombotic risk assessment in cancer patients, especially when it surpasses 200 ng/mL.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/sangue , Receptores de Superfície Celular/sangue , Trombofilia/sangue , Antígenos CD/genética , Sequência de Bases , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Receptor de Proteína C Endotelial , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Trombofilia/etiologiaRESUMO
Coagulation disorders often accompany cancer onset and evolution, which, if not properly managed, could have grave consequences. Endothelial protein C is an important regulator of homeostasis and acts through its high affinity binding to its transmembrane receptor (EPCR). Soluble (sEPCR) which results from the proteolytic cleavage of the membrane bound form can trap activated endothelial protein C and deprive it of its anti-coagulant function. In this study, the expression of EPCR and its soluble form (sEPCR) released into plasma as a result of proteolytic cleavage were investigated in ovarian, breast, lung and colorectal cancer biopsies, as well as in ascitic cell clusters and peritoneal fluid from ovarian cancer samples. In parallel, breast, ovarian, lung and colorectal cancer cell lines were investigated for the expression of EPCR. The integrity of the EPCR gene sequence as well gene haplotypes were ascertained in the established cancer cell lines in order to understand their eventual regulatory functions. The results from the present study indicate that in cancer patients, the levels of sEPCR are significantly higher than the normal range compared to healthy volunteers. The increase in the levels of sEPCR parallels the increase in CA125, showing a close correlation. Therefore, the detection of sEPCR in cancer and during the post-treatment period could be taken into account as an additional marker that could re-inforce the one obtained using CA125 alone as a marker of cancer cell mass.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Antígenos CD/sangue , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Líquido Ascítico/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Antígeno Ca-125/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Receptor de Proteína C Endotelial , Feminino , Humanos , Soros Imunes/química , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Coelhos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/sangue , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/imunologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Análise Serial de TecidosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Corneal fibroblast cell (CFC) reticulation is involved in the structural development of corneal stroma and in wound healing. In an earlier paper, it was reported that the expression of VEGFR-1 by CFCs is related to their reticulogenic properties in vitro and decreases with the age of the donors. The present study was focused on the nonreticulogenic corneal fibroblast population and explored whether these cells can be induced to form cell networks in vitro. METHODS: The network formation was analyzed using an array of signaling pathway inhibitors: wortmannin for PI3 kinase, U0126 for MEK-1/2 kinase, Rottlerin for PKC, farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI-277) for Ras, and picropodophyllin (PPP) for IGFR-1. Among the several growth factors studied, IGF seemed to be crucial to cell network formation. The presence of IGF signaling was demonstrated using gene array analysis and was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry and by cell network formation on reduced synthetic basement membrane arrays. The pleiotropic effect of IGF-1 on the cells was analyzed by protein cytokine array. RESULTS: The genesis of reticulation was found to occur via MEK-1/2 and IGFR pathways, since inhibitors of these signaling pathways reduced or prevented cell network formation. The addition of exogenous IGF-1 generated a cell network structure in corneal fibroblasts obtained from healthy donors, indicating the involvement of IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS: IGF signaling and the MEK-1/2 pathway are involved in the cell network formation of corneal fibroblast cells from aged donors.
Assuntos
Ceratócitos da Córnea/citologia , Substância Própria/citologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/fisiologia , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Ceratócitos da Córnea/metabolismo , Substância Própria/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , MAP Quinase Quinase 1/metabolismo , MAP Quinase Quinase 2/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been published in AIDS, and only associations in the HLA region on chromosome 6 and CXCR6 have passed genome-wide significance. METHODS: We reanalyzed the data from 3 previously published GWAS, targeting specifically low-frequency SNPs (minor allele frequency <5%). Two groups composed of 365 slow progressors and 147 rapid progressors from Europe and the United States were compared with a control group of 1394 seronegative individuals using Eigenstrat corrections. RESULTS: Of the 8584 SNPs with minor allele frequency <5% in cases and controls (Bonferroni threshold = 5.8 × 10â»6), 4 SNPs showed statistical evidence of association with the slow progressor phenotype. The best result was for HCP5 rs2395029 [P = 8.54 × 10⻹5, odds ratio (OR) = 3.41] in the HLA locus, in partial linkage disequilibrium with 2 additional chromosome 6 associations in C6orf48 (P = 3.03 × 10⻹°, OR = 2.9) and NOTCH4 (9.08 × 10â»°7, OR = 2.32). The fourth association corresponded to rs2072255 located in RICH2 (P = 3.30 × 10â»°6, OR = 0.43) in chromosome 17. Using HCP5 rs2395029 as a covariate, the C6orf48 and NOTCH4 signals disappeared, but the RICH2 signal still remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the already known chromosome 6 associations, the analysis of low-frequency SNPs brought up a new association in the RICH2 gene. Interestingly, RICH2 interacts with BST-2 known to be a major restriction factor for HIV-1 infection. Our study has thus identified a new candidate gene for AIDS molecular etiology and confirms the interest of singling out low-frequency SNPs to exploit GWAS data.