Magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsies may improve diagnosis in biopsy-naive men with suspicion of prostate cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether a short prostate biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bp-MRI) protocol provides a valuable diagnostic addition for biopsy guidance in biopsy-naive men with a suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: A total of 62 biopsy-naive patients referred to a systematic transrectal ultrasound biopsy (TRUS-bx) due to suspicion of PCa were prospectively enrolled. Bp-MRI was performed before biopsy. All lesions were scored according to the modified Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2. All patients underwent TRUS-bx followed by bp-MRI-guided biopsies (bp-MRI-bx) under MRI/TRUS image fusion from any bp-MRI suspicious lesions not obviously targeted by TRUS-bx. RESULTS: PCa was found in 42 (68%) and 32 (52%) patients by TRUS-bx and bp-MRI-bx, respectively. Bp-MRI-bx de-tected PCa in one patient who had been missed by TRUS-bx, and found the highest Gleason score (GS) in 13 (30%) patients leading to an overall GS upgrade in six (14%) patients. Bp-MRI missed nine patients with GS = 6 and two with a GS = 7 (3 + 4), all of whom were diagnosed by TRUS-bx. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of bp-MRI-bx to routine TRUS-bx seems feasible in biopsy-naive patients and may improve the detection of aggressive PCa in first-round biopsies. This pilot study thus provides an incentive for a larger investigation. FUNDING: Costs were covered by the Department of Radiology, Herlev Hospital, Denmark. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (HEH-2015-054, I-Suite no: 03775) and with the Committee for Health Research Ethics (no. H-15009341).

Biparametric versus multiparametric MRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Since multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) of the prostate exceeds 30 min, minimizing the evaluation time of significant (Gleason scores > 6) prostate cancer (PCa) would be beneficial. A reduced protocol might be sufficient for the diagnosis. PURPOSE: To study whether a short unenhanced biparametric MRI (bp-MRI) matches mp-MRI in detecting significant PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 204 men (median age, 65 years; mean ± SD, 64.1; range 45-75 years; median serum PSA level, 14 ng/mL; range, 2.2-120 ng/mL; median prostate volume, 60 mL; range, 23-263 mL) fulfilled the criteria for being enrolled. They underwent mp-MRI and prostate biopsy from January through June 2014. Of the included patients, 9.3% underwent prostatectomy, 90.7% had TRUS-bx, and 10.8 had MRI-targeted TRUS-bx. Two radiologists separately assessed the mp-MRI examination (T2-weighted [T2W] imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], apparent diffusion coefficient map [ADC-map] and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging [DCE]). Two months later, the bp-MRI version (T2W imaging, DWI, and ADC-map) was evaluated. RESULTS: Reader 1: Assessing mp-MRI: 0 false negatives, sensitivity of 1, and specificity 0.04. Assessing bp-MRI: four false negatives, sensitivity of 0.94, and specificity 0.15. Reader 2: Assessing mp-MRI: five false negatives, sensitivity of 0.93, and specificity 0.16. Assessing bp-MRI: three false negatives, sensitivity of 0.96, and specificity 0.15. Intra-reader agreement Cohen's Kappa (κ) was 0.87 for reader 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.92) and 0.84 for reader 2 (95% CI 0.78-0.89). CONCLUSION: Bp-MRI is as good as mp-MRI at detecting PCa. A large prospective study seems to be strongly warranted.