Long non-coding SNHG1 in cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) consist of a cluster of RNAs having >200 nucleotides lacking protein-coding function. Recent studies indicate that lncRNAs are involved in various cellular processes and their aberrant expression may lead to tumour development and progression. They may also serve as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes in other diseases. In this review, we emphasize current investigations involving clinical management, tumour progression and the molecular mechanism of SNHG1 in human cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigate and summarize recent studies regarding the biologic functions and mechanisms of lncRNA SNHG1 in tumorigenesis. Related studies were obtained through a systematic search of google scholar, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. RESULTS: SNHG1 is a novel oncogenic lncRNA aberrantly expressed in different diseases including colorectal, liver, lung, prostate, gastric and esophageal cancers as well as ischemic stroke, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma. Upregulation of SNHG1 was significantly associated with advanced tumour stage, tumour size, TNM stage and decreased overall survival. Furthermore, aberrant expression of SNHG1 contributes to cell proliferation, metastasis, migration and invasion of cancer cells. CONCLUSION: SNHG1 likely acts as a useful tumour biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

LncRNA-DANCR: A valuable cancer related long non-coding RNA for human cancers.

OBJECTIVES: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are a type of noncoding RNA that comprise of longer than 200 nucleotides sequences. They can regulate chromosome structure, gene expression and play an essential role in the pathophysiology of human diseases, especially in tumorigenesis and progression. Nowadays, they are being targeted as potential biomarkers for various cancer types. And many research studies have proven that lncRNAs might bring a new era to cancer diagnosis and support treatment management. The purpose of this review was to inspect the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA- differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA(DANCR) in various types of human cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, we summarize and figure out recent research studies concerning the expression and biological mechanisms of lncRNA-DANCR in tumour development. The related studies were obtained through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Long non-coding RNAs-DANCR is a valuable cancer-related lncRNA that its dysregulated expression was found in a variety of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, glioma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. The aberrant expressions of DANCR have been shown to contribute to proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Long non-coding RNAs-DANCR likely serves as a useful disease biomarker or therapeutic cancer target.

Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 18 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor and a Diagnostic Indicator in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Noncoding RNAs are crucial regulators acting as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in human cancer progression. The aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs has been confirmed in different kinds of cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, characterized by insidious onset, great malignancy, and high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Due to lack of early predictive markers, numerous patients are diagnosed in the late stages. As therapeutic options for advanced patients are quite limited, great efforts have been made to screen patients at early stages. A previous study reported that small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 played crucial role in glioma. However, its functions and roles in hepatocellular carcinoma are unknown. PURPOSE: To explore its functional role and diagnostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma, we investigated its expression level. METHODS: We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues derived from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in plasma, including samples from the healthy control, patients with hepatitis B, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: Small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 was downregulated in liver tissues compared to paired adjacent noncancerous tissues ( P < .0001). Meanwhile, plasma small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 showed a relatively high sensitivity and specificity (75.61% and 73.49%) for distinguishing patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose α-fetoprotein levels were below 200 ng/mL from the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 might act as a tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and potentially a diagnostic indicator to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from the healthy control and cirrhosis.