Marinimicrococcus flavescens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Geminicoccaceae, isolated from a marine sediment of the South China Sea.

A Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive, nonmotile, aerobic, light yellow, spherical-shaped bacterial strain with no flagella, designated strain YIM 152171T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. Colonies were smooth and convex, light yellow and circular, and 1.0-1.5×1.0-1.5 µm in cell diameter after 7 days of incubation at 28°C on YIM38 media supplemented with sea salt. Colonies could grow at 20-45°C (optimum 28-35°C) and pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-9.0), and they could proliferate in the salinity range of 0-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c), C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl, C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω11c, C16 : 1 ω5c, C17 : 1 ω6c and C18 : 1 ω5c. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10, and the polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain YIM 152171T within the order Rhodospirillales in a distinct lineage that also included the genus Geminicoccus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of YIM 152171T to those of Arboricoccus pini, Geminicoccus roseus and Constrictibacter antarcticus were 92.17, 89.25 and 88.91 %, respectively. The assembled draft genome of strain YIM 152171T had 136 contigs with an N50 value of 134704 nt, a total length of 3 001 346 bp and a G+C content of 70.27 mol%. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain YIM 152171T (=MCCC 1K08488T=KCTC 92884T) represents a type of novel species and genus for which we propose the name Marinimicrococcus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Nocardioides coralli sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from stony coral in the South China Sea.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-pigmented and non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain SCSIO 67246T, was isolated from a stony coral sample collected from the Sanya sea area, Hainan province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SCSIO 67246T shared the highest similarities with Nocardioides rotundus MCCC 1A10561T (96.5 %) and Nocardioides sonneratiae KCTC 39565T (96.1%). The novel strain grew at 15-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.0 and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl. The genome length of strain SCSIO 67246T was 3.52 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 72.0 mol% and 3397 protein-coding genes. The novel strain showed an average nucleotide identity value of 76.5 % and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 20.1 % with N. rotundus MCCC 1A10561T. Strain SCSIO 67246T contained MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and five phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω8c and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0). ll-2,6-Diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid. The whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and ribose. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain SCSIO 67246T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides coralli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 67246T (=MCCC 1K06251T=KCTC 49719T).

Brevibacillus marinus sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from deep sea sediment in the South China Sea.

A novel thermophilic bacterium, designated SCSIO 07484T, was isolated from marine sediment sampled in the South China Sea. Growth occurred at 30-60 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells of strain SCSIO 07484T were rod-shaped and flagellum-forming. No soluble pigment was observed. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SCSIO 07484T belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae and clustered with members of the genus Brevibacillus in the phylogenetic trees with less than 96.2 % similarities. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine were its diagnostic polar lipids. The whole genome size of strain SCSIO 07484T was 4 079 826 bp with a DNA G+C content of 56.2 mol%, including one circular chromosome of 3 978392 bp and one plasmid of 101434 bp. Based on the polyphasic analysis of strain SCSIO 07484T, it is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus marinus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain SCSIO 07484T (=DSM 106769T=CGMCC 1.15814T).

Structurally Diverse Polycyclic Salicylaldehyde Derivative Enantiomers from a Marine-Derived Fungus Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452.

To enlarge the chemical diversity of Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452, a talented marine-derived fungus, we further investigated its chemical constituents from a large-scale fermentation with modified culture. Four pairs of new salicylaldehyde derivative enantiomers, euroticins F-I (1-4), as well as a known one eurotirumin (5) were isolated and characterized. Compound 1 features an unprecedented constructed 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic structures, while 2 and 3 represent two new types of 6/6/5 scaffolds. Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction, 13C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Selected compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and moderate cytotoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 cell lines.

Rubrobacter tropicus sp. nov. and Rubrobacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the South China Sea.

Two novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria, designated as SCSIO 52909T and SCSIO 52915T, were isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected at about 3448 m water depth of the South China Sea. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics were investigated. These strains were aerobic and tested positive for catalase activity, oxidase activity and nitrate reduction. Optimal growth occurred at 28 °C, pH 7 and 3% salinity over 14 days cultivation. Its peptidoglycan structure was type A3α (l-Lys-l-Ala) and the only menaquinone was MK-8. Both strains possessed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. Their major fatty acids differed, but both contained iso-branched components of C16 : 0 12-methyl. Genome sequencing revealed two large genomes of 4.58 Mbp with G+C content of 67.0 mol% in SCSIO 52909T and of 4.42 Mbp with G+C content of 69.1 % in SCSIO 52915T. The two novel strains encoded genes for metabolism that are absent in most other Rubrobacter species, and possessed many more gene copy numbers of alkaline phosphatase and thioredoxin reductase. Results of gANI and 16S rRNA gene analyses suggested that the two strains represent two new species, with 74.9, 95.0 % pairwise similarity between each other, and less than 74.3 and 93.5 % to other recognized Rubrobacter species, respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis, strains SCSIO 52909T and SCSIO 52915T were separately clustered together and formed a well-separated phylogenetic branch distinct from the other known species in the genus Rubrobacter. Based on the data presented here, these two strains should be recognized as two new species in the genus Rubrobacter, for which the names Rubrobacter tropicus sp. nov., with the type strain SCSIO 52909T (=KCTC 49412T=CGMCC 1.13853T), and Rubrobacter marinus sp. nov., with the type strain SCSIO 52915T (=KCTC 49411T=CGMCC 1.13852T), are proposed.

Actinomarinicola tropica gen. nov. sp. nov., a new marine actinobacterium of the family Iamiaceae, isolated from South China Sea sediment environments.

A novel marine actinobacterium, strain SCSIO 58843T, was isolated from the sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. Strain SCSIO 58843T was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and rod shaped. The whole-cell hydrolysis of amino acids contained dd-DAP, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine and aspartic acid. The main menaquinone was MK-9(H8). The major fatty acids were C17 : 1 ω8c and C17 : 0. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phospatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositolmannoside (PIM). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.5 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SCSIO 58843T formed a new lineage in the family Iamiaceae and had the highest similarity of 93.8 % with Iamia majanohamensis DSM 19957T. Strain SCSIO 58843T can be distinguished from these known genera in the family Iamiaceae by polyphasic data analyses, and represents a novel genus and novel species, for which Actinomarinicola tropica gen. nov., sp. nov is proposed with the type strain SCSIO 58843T(=KCTC 49408T=CGMCC 1.17503T).

Staphylospora marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean.

A novel bacterium, designated SCSIO 07575T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal sediment sample collected from the western Pacific Ocean. Growth at 65 °C was observed, but not at 70 °C or below 37 °C. The optimum conditions for growth were at 55-65 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SCSIO 07575T showed filamentous growth. Unstable formation of white aerial mycelia was observed, which disappeared after several times' subculture. Abundant substrate mycelia were observed with grape-like spores. No soluble pigment was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that SCSIO 07575T belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae and formed a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose, xylose, glucose and galactose. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Based on the whole genome sequence analysis, the genome size was 2 751 094 bp with a DNA G+C value of 57.2 mol%, including one circular chromosome and one plasmid. On the basis of polyphasic data, strain SCSIO 07575T represented a novel species of a new genus within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which the name Staphylospora gen. nov. is proposed with the type species Staphylospora marina sp. nov. and the type strain SCSIO 07575T (=DSM 106793T=CGMCC 1.15879T).

Cytotoxic Kendomycins Containing the Carbacylic Ansa Scaffold from the Marine-Derived Verrucosispora sp. SCSIO 07399.

Three new kendomycin analogues, kendomycins B-D (1-3), were discovered from the marine-derived actinomycete Verrucosispora sp. SCSIO 07399. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated using diverse spectroscopic data analyses, X-ray crystallography, and semisynthetic derivatization. In vitro antimicrobial assays revealed that 1-3 all display good antibacterial activities against six Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 8.0 µg/mL. Additionally, 1-3 were found to be moderately cytotoxic against MGC803, A549, HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, and RKO human tumor cell lines; IC50 values ranged from 2.2 to 44 µM.

Indioceanicola profundi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Indian Ocean sediment.

A novel basophilic bacterial strain, designated as SCSIO 08040T, was recovered from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, vibrioid or spiral, light pink, 0.6-1.0 µm wide and 1.0-2.5 µm long. Growth occurred at 20-45 °C, pH 7-11 and <5 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 28-37 °C, pH 7 and 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. Catalase-, oxidase and urease-positive, nitrate reduction-negative. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strain SCSIO 08040T had the highest similarity of 95.3 % to Rhodocista pekingensis 3-pT. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolate formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage in the family Rhodospirillaceae. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose, mannose and xylose. The total cellular fatty acid profile was dominated by C18:1ω7c and C19:0cycloω8c. Q-10 was the predominant ubiquinone. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain SCSIO 08040T was 66.82 mol%. Based on these polyphasic data, a new genus, Indioceanicola gen. nov., is proposed in the family Rhodospirillaceae with the type species Indioceanicola profundi sp. nov. and the type strain SCSIO 08040T (=DSM 105146T=CGMCC 1.15812T).

Rubrobacter indicoceani sp. nov., a new marine actinobacterium isolated from Indian Ocean sediment.

A novel mesophilic marine actinobacterial strain, designated as SCSIO 08198T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and salmon pink in colour. Good growth occurred on marine agar with 1-5 % (w/v) NaCl and incubation at 28 °C for more than a fortnight. Sensitive to short ultraviolet radiation. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SCSIO 08198T had the highest similarity of 97.2 % to Rubrobacter radiotolerans DSM 5868T, and loosely related (<94.2 %) to all other species in the genus Rubrobacter. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate shared a lineage with members of the genus Rubrobacter. The total cellular fatty acid profile was dominated by C16 : 0 12-methyl. MK-8 was the main menaquinone. The peptidoglycan type was A3α (l-Lys-l-Ala). The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids. Based on the whole genome sequence analysis, the genome size is 3 078 689 bp with DNA G+C value of 63.8 mol%, including one circular chromosome and two plasmids. Based on these polyphasic data, a new species, Rubrobacterindicoceani sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain SCSIO 08198T (=DSM 105148T=CGMCC 1.16398T).

Eurotiumins A⁻E, Five New Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452.

Three new prenylated indole 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids (1⁻3) with nine known ones (5⁻13), one new indole alkaloid (4), and one new bis-benzyl pyrimidine derivative (14) were isolated and characterized from the marine-derived fungus Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452. 1 and 2, occurring as a pair of diastereomers, both presented a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole skeleton. Their chemical structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism, and single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Most isolated compounds were screened for antioxidative potency. Compounds 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 12 showed significant radical scavenging activities against DPPH with IC50 values of 13, 19, 4, 3, 24, 13, and 18 µM, respectively. Five new compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities.

Actinorectispora indica gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from soil, a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae.

The taxonomic positions of three Gram-stain-positive, aerobic strains, designated YIM 75722, 75726 and 75728T, and isolated from a soil sample collected from Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh province, India, were assessed using a polyphasic approach. Growth was observed at pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0), 15-28 °C (optimum 28 °C) and 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (grew without NaCl). Strains showed cylindrical spores with straight-chain morphology on aerial mycelium, but did not reveal sporangium-like structures or fragmentation of the substrate mycelium. Whole-cell hydrolysates of all strains contained galactose and ribose as the diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4); MK-9 (H6) and MK-10 (H4) were present in smaller amounts. The phospholipid pattern consisted mainly of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The major fatty acids were i-C15 : 0, ai-C15 : 0, i-C17 : 0 and ai-C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain YIM 75728T should be placed within the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data support the conclusion that strain YIM 75728T represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Pseudonocardiaceae for which the name Actinorectispora indica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. Strain YIM 75728T ( = DSM 45410T = CCTCC AA 209065T) is the type strain of Actinorectispora indica. Strain YIM 75728T was considered as the type strain over the other two strains based on the highest sequence read length of the strain.

Abyssicoccus albus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Staphylococcaceae isolated from marine sediment of the Indian Ocean.

A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, asporogenous, coccoid shaped bacterium, designated YIM M12140(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain YIM M12140(T) forms a separate clade within the family Staphylococcaceae. Strain YIM M12140(T) shares high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Macrococcus brunensis DSM 19358(T) (92.9 %). The isolate was found to grow at 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-3 %), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and temperature 5-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of the strain were identified as anteiso-C15:0, -C17:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C19:0 and C20:0. The respiratory menaquinones were found to be MK-6 (94 %) and MK-7 (6 %). The cell wall amino acids were found to contain Lys, Ala, Glu, Gly, Asp, Ser and Thr. Whole cell sugars were identified as mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM M12140(T) was determined to be 42.4 mol %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analysis, it is proposed that strain YIM M12140(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Staphylococcaceae, for which the name Abyssicoccus albus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M12140(T) (= DSM 29158(T) = CCTCC AB 2014213(T)).

Analysis of Thermal Field Distribution in Winter over Beijing from 1985 to 2015 Using Landsat Thermal Data.

Heat supply, automobile exhaust, industrial production and decrease of thermal inertia in winter caused by the decrease of vegetation coverage leads to an obvious difference in the distribution of the land thermal field in the winter compared with other seasons. The Urban thermal field distribution in the winter directly affects the spread of air pollutants, which has important implications for analyzing the contribution of the thermal field to particulate air pollution. Atmospheric transmissivity and atmospheric upwelling/downwelling radiance in simulations are first calculated using the moderate spectral resolution atmospheric transmittance algorithm and computer model (MODTRAN). Then, we solve the radiative transfer model of the thermal infrared band by constructing a look-up table. In addition, the accuracy estimation is performed using the simulated data, showing that when the error range of emissivity and water vapor content are confined to ±0.005 and ±0.6, respectively, the temperature retrieval error are less than 0.348 and 2.117 K, respectively indicating the high retrieval accuracy of the method. In addition, the long-term sequenced Landsat TM and ETM+ data were selected to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) during 1985-2015. The analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of thermal fields in Beijing show that the spatial and temporal variations are observable. The spatial variation covers four levels: high temperature is distributed within the second ring, low temperature loops are distributed between the second and the fifth ring, high temperature is distributed in the outer suburb areas and the lowest temperature is distributed in the western mountainous areas. Meanwhile, the temporal variation of thermal field distribution changed a great deal during the rapid development in the past 3 decades: the low temperature loop expanded from the third to the sixth ring; the intensity and scope of the heat island effect within the second ring increased gradually.

Pseudonocardia sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain YIM M13141(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample from the South China Sea, and its taxonomic position was determined using a polyphasic approach. The strain produced branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, but no diffusible pigments were produced on the media tested. At maturity, substrate mycelium was fragmented and spore chains were formed on aerial hyphae and substrate mycelium. Optimum growth occurred at 28 °C, 1-3% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, showing highest levels of similarity with respect to Pseudonocardia sichuanensis KLBMP 1115(T) (97.1%), Pseudonocardia tetrahydrofuranoxydans K1(T) (97.1%) and Pseudonocardia kunmingensis YIM 63158(T) (97.0%). Whole-organism hydrolysates of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the sugars galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two glycolipids. The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 73.1 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness with P. tetrahydrofuranoxydans DSM 44239(T) was 42.8 ± 3.5% (mean±sd). Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M13141(T) ( = DSM 45779(T) = JCM 18540(T)).

Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a mangrove sediment, and proposal of Prolixibacteraceae fam. nov.

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain SCSIO N0430(T), was isolated from a mangrove sediment sample. Analysis of the sequence of the nifH gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in this strain indicated a close relationship to an uncultured bacterium ZNZ-D11 (GenBank accession no. JF896696). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this isolate had less than 93 % similarity to its closest relative, Sunxiuqinia elliptica DQHS4(T). A phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SCSIO N0430(T) was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics, including phospholipids and major fatty acids, readily distinguished the isolate from established members of the phylum Bacteroidetes. It is concluded that strain SCSIO N0430(T) represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain of the species SCSIO N0430(T) ( = KCTC 32129(T) = DSM 27148(T) = JCM 19152(T)). Based on phylogenetic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotide patterns, the three genera Sunxiuqinia, Prolixibacter and Mangrovibacterium are proposed to make up a novel family, Prolixibacteraceae fam. nov., in the order Bacteroidales.

Bacillus tianshenii sp. nov., isolated from a marine sediment sample.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, peritrichous, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM M13235(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM M13235(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Strain YIM M13235(T) exhibited a menaquinone system with MK-7, and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids and one unknown glycolipid. The major fatty acids (>5%) were iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)ω10c and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C(17 : 1) and/or iso-C(17 : 1)). The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM M13235(T) and its close relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >97%) including Bacillus halmapalus DSM 8723(T), Bacillus horikoshii DSM 8719(T) and Bacillus zhanjiangensis JSM 099021(T) were 41%, 44% and 44%, respectively. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is apparent that strain YIM M13235(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus tianshenii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM M13235(T) ( = DSM 25879(T) = KCTC 33044(T)).

Nocardioides nanhaiensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from a marine sediment sample.

A rod- to coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain YIM M13091(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. This Gram-staining-positive, aerobic actinobacterium did not produce substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were produced on the media tested. The optimum growth occurred at 30 °C, 1% (w/v) NaCl and pH 8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Nocardioides, with low levels (≤96.2%) of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides kribbensis KSL-2(T) and other members of the genus Nocardioides. Whole-organism hydrolysates of the strain contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), with MK-8 in a minor amount. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, hydroxyphosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, were the main polar lipids detected, while iso-C(16 : 0) and C(18 : 1)ω9c were the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.5 mol%. Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the isolate represents a member of the genus Nocardioides, and the name Nocardioides nanhaiensis sp. nov. (Type strain YIM M13091(T) = JCM 18127(T) = CCTCC AA 2011020(T)) is proposed for the novel species.

Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Propionibacteriaceae, isolated from a deep-sea sediment.

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)).

Actinophytocola sediminis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a marine sediment.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM M13705(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample of the South China Sea and its characteristics were determined by a polyphasic approach. The slowly growing, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic strain produced branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigment was produced on the media tested. At maturity, spore chains were formed on aerial hyphae and substrate mycelium was not fragmented. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H2). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acid was iso-C(16 : 0). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was shown to be most closely related to species of the genus Actinophytocola. DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values (<70%) of the isolate with its closest neighbour Actinophytocola xinjiangensis QAIII60(T) supported classification of the isolate as a representative of a novel species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the new isolate belongs to a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the name Actinophytocola sediminis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M13705(T) = DSM 45939(T) = BCRC 16956(T)) is proposed.