Impact of teacher-student interaction on students' classroom well-being under online education environment.

The students' classroom well-being of college students has been widely concerned in online education researches. In order to implement effectively online education in colleges and universities, based on person-context interaction theory, this study investigates a theoretical model of the impact of teacher-student interaction, sound richness, sound pleasure, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on students' classroom well-being. By surveying 349 college students receiving online education, the research hypotheses are tested by the structural equation model approach. Research results show that: teacher-student interaction, sound richness, sound pleasure, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness appreciably improve students' classroom well-being, the sound richness and the students' perceived ease of use can moderate the effect of teacher-student interaction on students' classroom well-being. Finally some pedagogical implications are discussed.

Contribution of Insulin Resistance and ß Cell Dysfunction to Gestational Diabetes Stratified for Pre-pregnant Body Mass Index.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of insulin resistance and ß cell dysfunction to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women stratified by pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI). A total of 847 pregnant women were enrolled. They were divided into low BMI and high BMI groups according to the median of pre-pregnancy BMI. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and ß cell function (HOMA-ß), Matsuda index, and 60-min insulinogenic index (IGI60) were used to evaluate insulin resistance and ß cell function. In all the participants, 150 (17.71%) were diagnosed with GDM. ROC analyses showed that in the low BMI group, the association of ß cell dysfunction (IGI60 or HOMA-ß) with GDM was stronger than that of insulin resistance (Matsuda index or HOMA-IR), while in the high BMI group, the association of ß cell dysfunction with GDM was weaker than that of insulin resistance (all P < 0.05). Among all GDM patients, 47.33% demonstrated predominant insulin resistance (Matsuda index < 25th percentile), and 46% had predominant ß cell defect (IGI60 < 25th percentile). In the low BMI group, 15.09% of GDM patients demonstrated predominant insulin resistance, and 62.26% of GDM patients had predominant ß cell defect, whereas in the high BMI group, 64.95% of GDM patients demonstrated mainly insulin resistance and 36.08% of GDM patients had mainly ß cell defect. In women with low BMI, ß cell dysfunction is the major etiologic factor, whereas, in women with high BMI, insulin resistance is the predominant etiologic factor in the development of GDM.