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BACKGROUND: The etiology of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MVD) is not fully understood and may depend on time or environmental factors for which the interaction of infectious agents has not been documented. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) on myxomatous mitral valve degeneration pathogenesis and establish whether increased in inflammation and collagen degradation in myxomatous mitral valve degeneration etiopathogenesis. METHODS: An immunohistochemical test was performed to detect the inflammatory cells (CD20, CD45, CD68) and Mp, Bb and MMP9 antigens in two groups. The in situ hybridization was performed to detect Chlamydophila pneumoniae and the bacteria study was performed using transmission electron microscopy. Group 1 (n = 20), surgical specimen composed by myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, and group 2 (n = 20), autopsy specimen composed by normal mitral valve. The data were analyzed using SigmaStat version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The groups were compared using Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test. A correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test. P values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: By immunohistochemistry, there was a higher inflammatory cells/mm2 for CD20 and CD45 in group 1, and CD68 in group 2. Higher number of Mp and Cp antigens was observed in group 1 and more Bb antigens was detected in group 2. The group 1 exhibited a positive correlation between the Bb and MVD percentage, between CD45 and Mp, and between MMP9 with Mp. These correlations were not observed in the group 2. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of structures compatible with microorganisms that feature Borrelia and Mycoplasma characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of infectious agents, inflammatory cells and collagenases in mitral valves appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of MVD. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was strongly related with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. Despite of low percentage of Borrelia burgdorferi in MD group, this agent was correlated with myxomatous degeneration and this may occour due synergistic actions between these infectious agents likely contribute to collagen degradation.
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Borrelia burgdorferi/patogenicidade , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Valva Mitral/microbiologia , Valva Mitral/patologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chicago , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/genética , Colágeno/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/patologia , Miocardite/microbiologia , Miocardite/patologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Analyses of extensive registries indicate adverse outcomes for women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, while randomized studies often lack representativeness. OBJECTIVE: To compare adjusted hospital outcomes between men and women undergoing CABG. METHODS: From July 2017 to June 2019, 3991 patients underwent primary isolated CABG, both electively and urgently, in 5 hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. To mitigate demographic differences between men and women, populations were adjusted using propensity score matching (PSM). The outcomes considered for analysis were those used by the STS Adult Database. The analyses were performed using R software, with a significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: After PSM (1:1), each group included 1089 patients. Regarding intraoperative variables, men exhibited longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (p<0.001), surgical time (p<0.001), a higher number of distal anastomoses (p<0.001), and increased use of arterial grafts. Regarding outcomes, women had a higher incidence of deep sternal wound infection (p=0.006), prolonged Intensive Care Unit stay (p=0.002), increased need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (p=0.04), higher blood transfusion rates (p<0.001), higher 30-day hospital readmission rates after surgery (p=0.002) and higher mortality rate (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Although men had longer CPB times, a greater number of arterial grafts, and a greater number of distal anastomoses, immediate results after CABG were poorer in women.
FUNDAMENTO: Análises em grandes registros apontam desfechos desfavoráveis para mulheres submetidas à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM), enquanto estudos randomizados sofrem com a falta de representatividade. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados hospitalares ajustados entre homens e mulheres submetidos à CRM. MÉTODOS: Entre julho de 2017 e junho de 2019, 3991 pacientes foram submetidos à CRM primária isolada, tanto de forma eletiva como de urgência, em 5 hospitais de estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para equilibrar as diferenças entre homens e mulheres, as populações foram ajustadas utilizando o Propensity Score Matching. Os desfechos considerados para análise foram os utilizados pelo STS Adult Database. As análises foram conduzidas no software R, considerando significância valores de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Após o Propensity Score Matching (1:1), cada grupo incluiu 1089 pacientes. Em relação às variáveis intraoperatórias os homens apresentaram maior tempo de CEC (p<0,001), tempo cirúrgico (p<0,001), número de anastomoses distais (p<0,001) e uso de enxertos arteriais. Em relação aos desfechos as mulheres apresentaram maior incidência de infecção de ferida profunda (p=0,006), tempo prolongado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (p=0,002), maior necessidade do uso de balão intraórtico (p=0,04), maior taxa de transfusão sanguínea (p<0,001), maior readmissão hospitalar em até 30 dias após a cirurgia (p=0,002) e maior taxa de óbitos (p=0,03). CONCLUSÕES: Apesar dos homens terem apresentado um maior tempo de CEC, maior número de enxertos arteriais e maior número de anastomoses distais, os resultados imediatos após CRM foram piores em mulheres.
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Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Melhoria de Qualidade , Humanos , Feminino , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Pontuação de Propensão , Mortalidade HospitalarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Identifying risk factors in cardiovascular surgery assists in predictability, resulting in optimization of outcomes and cost reduction. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk predictors for prolonged hospitalization after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis using data from the REPLICCAR II database, a prospective, consecutive, multicenter registry that included CABG surgeries performed between August 2017 and July 2019. The primary outcome was a prolonged hospital stay (PHS), defined as a postoperative period exceeding 14 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors with significance set at p <0.05. RESULTS: The median age was 63 (57-70) years and 26.55% of patients were female. Among the 3703 patients analyzed, 228 (6.16%) had a PHS after CABG, with a median hospital stay of 17 (16-20) days. Predictors of PHS after CABG included age >60 years (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.43-2.87; p<0.001); renal failure (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.29-2.32; p <0.001) and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07-2.06; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Age >60 years, renal failure, and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion were independent predictors of PHS after CABG. The identification of these variables can help in multiprofessional strategic planning aimed to enhance results and resource utilization in the state of São Paulo.
FUNDAMENTO: A identificação de fatores de riscos na cirurgia cardiovascular auxilia na previsibilidade resultando na otimização de desfechos e redução de custos. OBJETIVO: Identificação dos preditores de risco pré e intraoperatórios para internação prolongada após cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) no Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal no banco de dados REPLICCAR II, registro prospectivo, consecutivo, multicêntrico que incluiu cirurgias de revascularização miocárdica realizadas entre agosto de 2017 e julho de 2019. O desfecho principal foi o tempo de internação prolongado, definida como período de pós-operatório superior a 14 (quatorze) dias. Para a identificação dos preditores foram realizadas análises de regressão logística uni- e multivariada. Os valores de p menores de 0,05 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi de 63 (57-70) anos e 26,55% eram do sexo feminino. Dos 3703 pacientes analisados, 228 (6,16%) apresentaram longa permanência hospitalar (LPH) após a CRM e a mediana da internação foi de 17 (16-20) dias. Foram preditores da LPH após a CRM: idade >60 anos (OR 2,05; IC95% 1,43 - 2,87; p<0,001); insuficiência renal (OR 1,73; IC95% 1,29 - 2,32; p<0,001) e transfusão de hemácias no intraoperatório (OR 1,32; IC 1,07 - 2,06; p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Nesta análise, a idade > 60 anos, insuficiência renal e a transfusão de hemácias no intraoperatório foram preditores independentes de LPH após a CRM. A identificação destas variáveis pode ajudar no planejamento estratégico multiprofissional visando melhoria de resultados e otimização de recursos no estado de São Paulo.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Tempo de Internação , Insuficiência Renal , Humanos , Feminino , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/estatística & dados numéricos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Clinical prediction models for deep sternal wound infections (DSWI) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery exist, although they have a poor impact in external validation studies. We developed and validated a new predictive model for 30-day DSWI after CABG (REPINF) and compared it with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons model (STS). The REPINF model was created through a multicenter cohort of adults undergoing CABG surgery (REPLICCAR II Study) database, using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, internally and externally validated comparing discrimination, calibration in-the-large (CL), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), trained between the new model and the STS PredDeep, a validated model for DSWI after cardiac surgery. In the validation data, c-index = 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.95). Compared to the STS PredDeep, predictions improved by 6.5% (IDI). However, both STS and REPINF had limited calibration. Different populations require independent scoring systems to achieve the best predictive effect. The external validation of REPINF across multiple centers is an important quality improvement tool to generalize the model and to guide healthcare professionals in the prevention of DSWI after CABG surgery.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Adulto , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Esterno/cirurgia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The performance of traditional scores is significantly limited to predict mortality in high-risk cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of STS, ESII and HiriSCORE models in predicting mortality in high-risk patients undergoing CABG. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis in the international prospective database of high-risk patients: HiriSCORE project. We evaluated 248 patients with STS or ESII (5-10%) undergoing CABG in 8 hospitals in Brazil and China. The main outcome was mortality, defined as all deaths occurred during the hospitalization in which the operation was performed, even after 30 days. Five variables were selected as predictors of mortality in this cohort of patients. The model's performance was evaluated through the calibration-in-the-large and the receiver operating curve (ROC) tests. RESULTS: The mean age was 69.90±9.45, with 52.02% being female, 25% of the patients were on New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV and 49.6% had Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class 4 angina, and 85.5% had urgency or emergency status. The mortality observed in the sample was 13.31%. The HiriSCORE model showed better calibration (15.0%) compared to ESII (6.6%) and the STS model (2.0%). In the ROC curve, the HiriSCORE model showed better accuracy (ROC = 0.74) than the traditional models STS (ROC = 0.67) and ESII (ROC = 0.50). CONCLUSION: Traditional models were inadequate to predict mortality of high-risk patients undergoing CABG. However, the HiriSCORE model was simple and accurate to predict mortality in high-risk patients.
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Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Modelos Estatísticos , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Brasil/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255662.].
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It is observed that death rates in cardiac surgery has decreased, however, root causes that behave like triggers of potentially avoidable deaths (AD), especially in low-risk patients (less bias) are often unknown and underexplored, Phase of Care Mortality Analysis (POCMA) can be a valuable tool to identify seminal events (SE), providing valuable information where it is possible to make improvements in the quality and safety of future procedures. Our results show that in São Paul State, only one third of AD in low-risk cardiac surgery was related to specific surgical problems. After a revisited analysis, 75% of deaths could have been avoided, which in the pre-operative phase, the SE was related judgment, patient evaluation and preparation. In the intra-operative phase, most occurrences could have been avoided if other surgical technique had been used. Sepsis was responsible for 75% of AD in the intensive care unit. In the ward phase, the recognition/management of clinical decompensations and sepsis were the contributing factors. Logistic regression model identified age, previous coronary stent implantation, coronary artery bypass grafting + heart valve surgery, ≥ 2 combined heart valve surgery and hospital-acquired infection as independent predictors of AD.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Causas de Morte , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segurança do Paciente , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to describe a novel statewide registry for cardiac surgery in Brazil (REPLICCAR), to compare a regional risk model (SPScore) with EuroSCORE II and STS, and to understand where quality improvement and safety initiatives can be implemented. METHODS: A total of 11 sites in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, formed an online registry platform to capture information on risk factors and outcomes after cardiac surgery procedures for all consecutive patients. EuroSCORE II and STS values were calculated for each patient. An SPScore model was designed and compared with EuroSCORE II and STS to predict 30-day outcomes: death, reoperation, readmission, and any morbidity. RESULTS: A total of 5222 patients were enrolled in this study between November 2013 and December 2017. The observed 30-day mortality rate was 7.6%. Most patients were older, overweight, and classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III; 14.5% of the patient population had a positive diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease, 10.9% had insulin-dependent diabetes, and 19 individuals had a positive diagnosis of Chagas disease. When evaluating the prediction performance, we found that SPScore outperformed EuroSCORE II and STS in the prediction of mortality (0.90 vs. 0.76 and 0.77), reoperation (0.84 vs. 0.60 and 0.56), readmission (0.84 vs. 0.55 and 0.51), and any morbidity (0.80 vs. 0.65 and 0.64), respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The REPLICCAR registry might stimulate the creation of other cardiac surgery registries in developing countries, ultimately improving the regional quality of care provided to patients.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Estatísticos , Brasil , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Controle de Qualidade , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , SegurançaRESUMO
The quality of data in electronic healthcare databases is a critical component when used for research and health practice. The aim of the present study was to assess the data quality in the Paulista Cardiovascular Surgery Registry II (REPLICCAR II) using two different audit methods, direct and indirect. The REPLICCAR II database contains data from 9 hospitals in São Paulo State with over 700 variables for 2229 surgical patients. The data collection was performed in REDCap platform using trained data managers to abstract information. We directly audited a random sample (n = 107) of the data collected after 6 months and indirectly audited the entire sample after 1 year of data collection. The indirect audit was performed using the data management tools in REDCap platform. We computed a modified Aggregate Data Quality Score (ADQ) previously reported by Salati et al. (2015). The agreement between data elements was good for categorical data (Cohen κ = 0.7, 95%CI = 0.59-0.83). For continuous data, the intraclass coefficient (ICC) for only 2 out of 15 continuous variables had an ICC < 0.9. In the indirect audit, 77% of the selected variables (n = 23) had a good ADQ score for completeness and accuracy. Data entry in the REPLICCAR II database proved to be satisfactory and showed competence and reliable data for research in cardiovascular surgery in Brazil.
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Bases de Dados Factuais , Brasil , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Humanos , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
Resumo Fundamento: A identificação de fatores de riscos na cirurgia cardiovascular auxilia na previsibilidade resultando na otimização de desfechos e redução de custos. Objetivo: Identificação dos preditores de risco pré e intraoperatórios para internação prolongada após cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) no Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Análise transversal no banco de dados REPLICCAR II, registro prospectivo, consecutivo, multicêntrico que incluiu cirurgias de revascularização miocárdica realizadas entre agosto de 2017 e julho de 2019. O desfecho principal foi o tempo de internação prolongado, definida como período de pós-operatório superior a 14 (quatorze) dias. Para a identificação dos preditores foram realizadas análises de regressão logística uni- e multivariada. Os valores de p menores de 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: A mediana de idade foi de 63 (57-70) anos e 26,55% eram do sexo feminino. Dos 3703 pacientes analisados, 228 (6,16%) apresentaram longa permanência hospitalar (LPH) após a CRM e a mediana da internação foi de 17 (16-20) dias. Foram preditores da LPH após a CRM: idade >60 anos (OR 2,05; IC95% 1,43 - 2,87; p<0,001); insuficiência renal (OR 1,73; IC95% 1,29 - 2,32; p<0,001) e transfusão de hemácias no intraoperatório (OR 1,32; IC 1,07 - 2,06; p=0,01). Conclusão: Nesta análise, a idade > 60 anos, insuficiência renal e a transfusão de hemácias no intraoperatório foram preditores independentes de LPH após a CRM. A identificação destas variáveis pode ajudar no planejamento estratégico multiprofissional visando melhoria de resultados e otimização de recursos no estado de São Paulo.
Abstract Background: Identifying risk factors in cardiovascular surgery assists in predictability, resulting in optimization of outcomes and cost reduction. Objective: This study aimed to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk predictors for prolonged hospitalization after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis using data from the REPLICCAR II database, a prospective, consecutive, multicenter registry that included CABG surgeries performed between August 2017 and July 2019. The primary outcome was a prolonged hospital stay (PHS), defined as a postoperative period exceeding 14 days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors with significance set at p <0.05. Results: The median age was 63 (57-70) years and 26.55% of patients were female. Among the 3703 patients analyzed, 228 (6.16%) had a PHS after CABG, with a median hospital stay of 17 (16-20) days. Predictors of PHS after CABG included age >60 years (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.43-2.87; p<0.001); renal failure (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.29-2.32; p <0.001) and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07-2.06; p=0.01). Conclusion: Age >60 years, renal failure, and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion were independent predictors of PHS after CABG. The identification of these variables can help in multiprofessional strategic planning aimed to enhance results and resource utilization in the state of São Paulo.
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OBJECTIVE: To apply and to compare the Society of Thoracic Surgery score (STS), EuroSCORE (Eurosc1), EuroSCORE II (Eurosc2) and InsCor (IS) for predicting mortality in patients undergoing to coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery at the Santa Casa Marilia. METHODS: The present study is a cohort. It is a prospective, observational, analytical and unicentric. We analyzed 562 consecutive patients coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery, between April 2011 and June 2013 at the Santa Casa Marilia. Mortality was calculated for each patient through the scores STS, Eurosc1, Eurosc2 and IS. The calibration was calculated using the Hosmer Lemeshow test and discrimination by ROC curve. RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 4,6%. The calibration is generally adequate group P=0.345, P=0.765, P=0.272 and P=0.062 for STS, Eurosc1, Eurosc2, and IS respectively. The discriminatory power of STS score 0.649 (95% CI 0.529 to 0.770, P=0.012), Eurosc1 0.706 (95% CI 0.589 to 0.823, P ≤0.001), Eurosc2 was 0.704 (95% CI 0.590-0.818 P=0.001) and InsCor 0.739 (95% CI 0.638 to 0.839, P ≤0.001). CONCLUSION: We can say that overall, the InsCor was the best model, mainly in the discrimination of the sample. The InsCor showed good accuracy, in addition to being effective and easy to apply, especially by using a smaller number of variables compared to the other models.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Medição de Risco/métodos , Brasil , Calibragem/normas , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Doença das Coronárias/cirurgia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the incidence of nosocomial infections, the risk factors and the impact of these infections on mortality among patients undergoing to cardiac surgery. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 2060 consecutive patients from 2006 to 2012 at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Marília. RESULTS: 351 nosocomial infections were diagnosed (17%), 227 non-surgical infections and 124 surgical wound infections. Major infections were mediastinitis (2.0%), urinary tract infection (2.8%), pneumonia (2.3%), and bloodstream infection (1.7%). The in-hospital mortality was 6.4%. Independent variables associated with non-surgical infections were age > 60 years (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.31), ICU stay > 2 days (OR 5, 49, 95% CI 2.98 to 10, 09), mechanical ventilation > 2 days (OR11, 93, 95% CI 6.1 to 23.08), use of urinary catheter > 3 days (OR 4.85 95% CI 2.95 -7.99). Non-surgical nosocomial infections were more frequent in patients with surgical wound infection (32.3% versus 7.2%, OR 6.1, 95% CI 4.03 to 9.24). Independent variables associated with mortality were age greater than 60 years (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4 t o3.0), use of vasoactive drugs (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.9 to 6, 0), insulin use (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8), surgical reintervention (OR 4.4; 95% CI 2.1 to 9.0) pneumonia (OR 4.3; 95% CI 2.1 to 8.9) and bloodstream infection (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 11.2). CONCLUSION: Non-surgical hospital infections are common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; they increase the chance of surgical wound infection and mortality.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/complicações , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/complicações , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The most common indication for surgical correction of giant left atrium is associated with mitral valve insufficiency with or without atrial fibrillation. Several techniques for this purpose are already described with varying results. OBJECTIVE: To present the initial experience with the tangential triangular resection technique (Pomerantzeff). METHODS: From 2002 to 2010, four patients underwent mitral valve operation with reduction of left atrial volume by the technique of triangular resection tangential in our service. Three patients were female. The age ranged from 21 to 51 years old. The four patients presented with atrial fibrillation. Ejection fraction of left ventricle preoperatively ranged from 38% to 62%. The left atrial diameter ranged from 78mm to 140mm. After treatment of mitral dysfunction, the left atrium was reduced by resecting triangular tangential posterior wall between the pulmonary veins to avoid anatomic distortion of the mitral valve or pulmonary veins, reducing tension in the suture line. RESULTS: Average hospital stay was 21.5 ± 6.5 days. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 130 ± 30 minutes. There was no surgical bleeding or mortality in the postoperative period. All patients had sinus rhythm restored in the output of cardiopulmonary bypass, maintaining this rate postoperatively. The average diameter of the left atrium was reduced by 50.5% ± 19.5%. The left ventricular ejection fraction improved in all patients. CONCLUSION: Initial results with this technique have shown effective reduction of the left atrium.
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Cardiomegalia/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Duração da Cirurgia , Tamanho do Órgão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during the acute phase of infarction (AMI) is associated with increased operative risk. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing CABG in AMI. METHODS: During three years, all patients undergoing CABG in AMI were retrospectively analyzed of the institutional database. Sixty variables per patient were evaluated: 49 preoperative variables from the 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet and EuroSCORE models, 4 preoperative variables not considered in these models (time between AMI and CABG, maximum CKMB, Troponin maximum and ST-segment elevation) and 7 intraoperative variables [(cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), CPB time, type of cardioplegia, endarterectomy, number of grafts, use of internal thoracic artery and complete revascularization]. Univariate and multivariate analysis for the outcome of in hospital mortality were performed. RESULTS: The mean time between AMI and CABG was 3.8 ± 3 days. The overall mortality was 19%. In the multivariate analysis: age > 65 years OR [16.5 (CI 1.8 to 152), P= 0.013]; CPB > 108 minutes [OR 40 (CI 2.7 to 578), P= 0.007], creatinine> 2 mg/dl [OR 35.5 (CI 1.7 to 740), P= 0.021] and systolic pulmonary pressure > 60 mmHg [OR 31 (CI 1.6 to 591), P= 0.022] were predictors of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Conventional preoperative variables such as age > 65 years, creatinine > 2 mg/dl and systolic pulmonary pressure > 60 mmHg were predictive of in-hospital mortality in patients underwent CABG in AMI.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Doença Aguda , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Creatinina/sangue , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Troponina/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal median sternotomy is the most common surgical approach for access to heart disease treatment. The deep wound infections in postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery are a serious complication requiring high costs during treatment. Different studies have indicated some risk factors for the development of mediastinitis and preoperative variables are currently under investigation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify the preoperative risk factors for postoperative development of mediastinitis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement. METHODS: This observational study represents a cohort of 2768 consecutive operated patients. The period considered for analysis was from May 2007 to May 2009 and there were no exclusion criteria. Analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression model of 38 preoperative variables. RESULTS: Thirty-five (1.3%) patients developed mediastinitis and 19 (0.7%) associated with osteomyelitis. The patient age average was 59.9 ± 13.5 years and the EuroSCORE of 4.5 ± 3.6. Hospital mortality was 42.8%. The multivariate analysis identified three variables as independent predictors of postoperative mediastinitis: intra-aortic balloon pump (OR 5.41, 95% CI [1.83 -16.01], P = 0.002), hemodialysis (OR 4.87, 95% CI [1.41 to 16.86], P = 0.012) and extracardiac vascular intervention (OR 4.39, 95% CI [1.64 to 11.76], P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: This study showed that necessity of preoperative hemodynamic support with intra-aortic balloon, hemodialysis, and extracardiac vascular intervention were risk factors for development of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Mediastinite/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Período Pré-Operatório , Idoso , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Objective: To apply and to compare the Society of Thoracic Surgery score (STS), EuroSCORE (Eurosc1), EuroSCORE II (Eurosc2) and InsCor (IS) for predicting mortality in patients undergoing to coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery at the Santa Casa Marilia. Methods: The present study is a cohort. It is a prospective, observational, analytical and unicentric. We analyzed 562 consecutive patients coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery, between April 2011 and June 2013 at the Santa Casa Marilia. Mortality was calculated for each patient through the scores STS, Eurosc1, Eurosc2 and IS. The calibration was calculated using the Hosmer Lemeshow test and discrimination by ROC curve. Results: The hospital mortality was 4,6%. The calibration is generally adequate group P=0.345, P=0.765, P=0.272 and P=0.062 for STS, Eurosc1, Eurosc2, and IS respectively. The discriminatory power of STS score 0.649 (95% CI 0.529 to 0.770, P=0.012), Eurosc1 0.706 (95% CI 0.589 to 0.823, P ≤0.001), Eurosc2 was 0.704 (95% CI 0.590-0.818 P=0.001) and InsCor 0.739 (95% CI 0.638 to 0.839, P ≤0.001). Conclusion: We can say that overall, the InsCor was the best model, mainly in the discrimination of the sample. The InsCor showed good accuracy, in addition to being effective and easy to apply, especially by using a smaller number of variables compared to the other models. .
Objetivo: Aplicar e comparar o Society of Thoracic Surgery score (STS), EuroSCORE (Eurosc1), EuroSCORE II (Eurosc2) e InsCor (IS) na predição de mortalidade nos pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio e/ou cirurgia valvar na Santa Casa de Marília. Métodos: O estudo representa uma coorte. É prospectivo, observacional, analítico e unicêntrico. Foram analisados 562 pacientes consecutivos operados de revascularização do miocárdio e/ou cirurgia valvar, entre abril de 2011 e junho de 2013 na Santa Casa de Marília. A mortalidade foi calculada em cada paciente com o uso dos escores STS, Eurosc1, Eurosc2 e IS. A calibração foi calculada utilizando o teste de Hosmer Lemeshow e a discriminação mediante a curva ROC. Resultados: A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 4,6%. A calibração foi adequada no grupo geral com P=0,345; P=0,765; P=0,272 e P =0,062 para o STS, Eurosc1, Eurosc2 e IS, respectivamente. O poder discriminatório do STS score 0,649 (IC95% 0,529 P=0,272- 0,770, P=0,012), do Eurosc1 0,706 (IC95% 0,589 - 0,823,P ≤0,001), do Eurosc2 foi 0,704 (IC95% 0,590 - 0,818, P=0,001) e do InsCor 0,739 (IC95% 0,638 - 0,839, P ≤ 0,001). Conclusão: Podemos afirmar que no geral o InsCor foi melhor modelo, principalmente na discriminação da amostra estudada. O InsCor mostrou boa acurácia, além de ser efetivo e de fácil aplicação, principalmente por utilizar um menor número de variáveis comparado aos outros modelos. .
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico , Estudos Transversais , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicaçõesRESUMO
Objective: this study aimed to determine the incidence of nosocomial infections, the risk factors and the impact of these infections on mortality among patients undergoing to cardiac surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 2060 consecutive patients from 2006 to 2012 at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Marília. Results: 351 nosocomial infections were diagnosed (17%), 227 non-surgical infections and 124 surgical wound infections. Major infections were mediastinitis (2.0%), urinary tract infection (2.8%), pneumonia (2.3%), and bloodstream infection (1.7%). The in-hospital mortality was 6.4%. Independent variables associated with non-surgical infections were age > 60 years (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.31), ICU stay > 2 days (OR 5, 49, 95% CI 2.98 to 10, 09), mechanical ventilation > 2 days (OR11, 93, 95% CI 6.1 to 23.08), use of urinary catheter > 3 days (OR 4.85 95% CI 2.95 -7.99). Non-surgical nosocomial infections were more frequent in patients with surgical wound infection (32.3% versus 7.2%, OR 6.1, 95% CI 4.03 to 9.24). Independent variables associated with mortality were age greater than 60 years (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to3.0), use of vasoactive drugs (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.9 to 6, 0), insulin use (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8), surgical reintervention (OR 4.4; 95% CI 2.1 to 9.0) pneumonia (OR 4.3; 95% CI 2.1 to 8.9) and bloodstream infection (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 11.2). Conclusion: Non-surgical hospital infections are common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery; they increase the chance of surgical wound infection and mortality. .
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as taxas das infecções hospitalares, os fatores de risco associados e o impacto destas infecções na mortalidade dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: coorte retrospectivo que incluiu 2060 pacientes consecutivos, no período de 2006 a 2012 na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Marília. Resultados: Foram diagnosticadas 351 infecções hospitalares (17%), sendo 227 infecções não cirúrgicas e 124 infecções cirúrgicas. As principais infecções foram: mediastinite (2,0%), infecção urinária (2,8%), pneumonia (2,3%), infecção da corrente sanguínea (1,7%). A mortalidade global intra-hospitalar foi de 6,4%. As variáveis independentes associadas às infecções não cirúrgicas foram: idade > 60 anos (OR 1,59; IC95%1,09-2,31), internação em UTI > 2 dias (OR5,49; IC95% 2,98-10,09), ventilação mecânica > 2 dias (OR11,93; IC95% 6,1 - 23,08), uso de sonda vesical >3 dias (OR 4,85 IC95% 2,95 -7,99). Infecções hospitalares não cirúrgicas foram mais frequentes em pacientes com infecção cirúrgica (32,3% versus 7,2%; OR 6,1; IC95% 4,03- 9,24). As variáveis independentes associadas a mortalidade foram: idade >60 anos (OR= 2,0 ; IC 95% 1,4-3,0), uso de droga vasopressora (OR 3,4; IC95% 1,9-6,0), uso de insulina (OR=1,8; IC 95% 1,2-2,8), reintervenção cirúrgica (OR=4,4 IC95% 2,1-9,0) pneumonia (OR=4,3 IC95% 2,1-8,9) e infecção da corrente sanguíneas (OR=4,7; IC95% 2,0-11,2). Conclusão: infecções hospitalares não cirúrgicas são frequentes pós cirurgia cardíaca, e aumentam a chance de infecção cirúrgica e a mortalidade. .
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/complicações , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação , Modelos Logísticos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/complicações , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Patient was referred to our Service with acute thoracic pain and diagnosis of intramural hematoma of the ascending aorta for surgical correction. The diagnostic investigation showed a cystic tumor involving the ascending aorta causing restriction of the right ventricular inflow. After resection, the histologic analysis disclosed the diagnosis of thymic cyst. The aim of this study is to describe a rare mediastinal tumor that may simulate a radiologic feature with characteristics of intramural hematoma and may result in a wrong therapeutic approach.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico , Hematoma/diagnóstico , Cisto Mediastínico , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Cisto Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Mediastínico/patologia , Cisto Mediastínico/cirurgia , RadiografiaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A esternotomia mediana longitudinal é a via de acesso mais utilizada no tratamento das doenças cardíacas. As infecções profundas da ferida operatória no pós-operatório das cirurgias cardiovasculares são uma complicação séria, com alto custo durante o tratamento. Diferentes estudos têm encontrado fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de mediastinite e as variáveis pré-operatórias têm tido especial destaque. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é identificar fatores de risco pré-operatórios para o desenvolvimento de mediastinite em pacientes submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio e a substituição valvar. MÉTODOS: Este estudo observacional representa uma coorte de 2768 pacientes operados consecutivamente. O período considerado para análise foi de maio de 2007 a maio de 2009 e não houve critérios de exclusão. Foi realizada análise univariada e multivariada pelo modelo de regressão logística das 38 variáveis pré-operatórias eleitas. RESULTADOS: Nesta série, 35 (1,3%) pacientes evoluíram com mediastinite e 19 (0,7%) com osteomielite associada. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 59,9 ± 13,5 anos e o EuroSCORE de 4,5 ± 3,6. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 42,8%. Na análise multivariada, foram identificadas três variáveis como preditoras independentes de mediastinite: balão intra-aórtico (OR 5,41, 95% IC [1,83 -16,01], P=0,002), hemodiálise (OR 4,87, 95% IC [1,41 - 16,86], P=0,012) e intervenção vascular extracardíaca (OR 4,39, 95% IC [1,64 - 11,76], P=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstrou que necessidade do suporte hemodinâmico pré-operatório com balão intra-aórtico, hemodiálise e intervenção vascular extracardíaca são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de mediastinite após cirurgia cardíaca.
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal median sternotomy is the most common surgical approach for access to heart disease treatment. The deep wound infections in postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery are a serious complication requiring high costs during treatment. Different studies have indicated some risk factors for the development of mediastinitis and preoperative variables are currently under investigation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify the preoperative risk factors for postoperative development of mediastinitis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement. METHODS: This observational study represents a cohort of 2768 consecutive operated patients. The period considered for analysis was from May 2007 to May 2009 and there were no exclusion criteria. Analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression model of 38 preoperative variables. RESULTS: Thirty-five (1.3%) patients developed mediastinitis and 19 (0.7%) associated with osteomyelitis. The patient age average was 59.9 ± 13.5 years and the EuroSCORE of 4.5 ± 3.6. Hospital mortality was 42.8%. The multivariate analysis identified three variables as independent predictors of postoperative mediastinitis: intra-aortic balloon pump (OR 5.41, 95% CI [1.83 -16.01], P = 0.002), hemodialysis (OR 4.87, 95% CI [1.41 to 16.86], P = 0.012) and extracardiac vascular intervention (OR 4.39, 95% CI [1.64 to 11.76], P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: This study showed that necessity of preoperative hemodynamic support with intra-aortic balloon, hemodialysis, and extracardiac vascular intervention were risk factors for development of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery.