Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Plasma-Circulating DNA for the Detection of Tumor- Derived Mutations in Patients with Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Identification of tumor-derived mutation (TDM) in liquid biopsies (LB), especially in early-stage patients, faces several challenges, including low variant-allele frequencies, interference by white blood cell (WBC)-derived mutations (WDM), benign somatic mutations and tumor heterogeneity. Here, we addressed the above-mentioned challenges in a cohort of 50 nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients, via a workflow involving parallel sequencing of paired WBC- and tumor-gDNA. After excluding potential false positive mutations, we detected at least one TDM in LB of 56% (28/50) of patients, with the majority showing low-patient coverage, except for one TDM mapped to KMT2D that recurred in 30% (15/30) of patients.

Prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Vinh Long, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children. It affects not only the subjects but also their families and society. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in South Vietnam, especially Vinh Long province. METHOD: Children were chosen randomly from primary schools in Vinh Long from February to March in 2009 in a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of ADHD using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV for parents/caregivers and teachers. ADHD Rating Scale-IV was based on DSM-IV for diagnosis of ADHD. RESULTS: A total of 600 children were chosen and 1200 reports were collected from parents/caregivers and teachers. The prevalence rate of ADHD was 7.7%. The rates of the predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive type and combined type were 1.7%, 5% and 1%, respectively. The difference in sex was not significant across all subtypes. The prevalence of ADHD in urban children was 2.2-fold that in rural children. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Vinh Long, southern Vietnam, is in the same range as other regions in the world. Therefore, awareness of ADHD needs to be raised, to ensure suitable psychiatric care for children.

Clinical Phenotypes and Age-Related Differences in Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Vietnamese Multicenter Research.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a rising health problem with heterogeneous presentation and no evidence-based treatment. While Southeast Asia reported the highest mortality and morbidity among Asian population, little is known about the Vietnamese population, including patient characteristics, prescribing pattern and mortality rate. METHODS: We conducted an observational study on 477 patients diagnosed with HFpEF from seven hospitals in Southern Vietnam from January 2019 to December 2019. RESULTS: Mean age was 67.6 (40.9% < 65 years). 62.3% were female. 82.4% were diagnosed within 5 years. Dyspnea, congestion, and hypoperfusion on admission were noted in 63.9%, 48.8%, and 4.6% of the patients, respectively. Median ejection fraction was 63%. Valvular heart disease (VHD) was the leading cause of heart failure (35.9%). 78.6% had at least two comorbidities, mostly hypertension (68.6%). 30.6% of the patients were hospitalized, with a median stay of 7.0 (4.0-10.0) days and inhospital mortality of 4.8%. Older patients (≥65 years) were more likely to be females (OR = 1.52); had multimorbid conditions (OR = 3.14), including hypertension (OR = 4.28), diabetes (OR = 1.73), coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR = 2.50), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.94), and chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.44); and were more frequently prescribed statin (OR = 3.15). Younger individuals (<65 years) were associated with higher mineralocorticoid antagonist uptake (OR = 0.52) and VHD (OR = 0,40). Prescription rate for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, beta blocker, mineralocorticoid antagonist, and loop diuretic was 72.5%, 59.1%, 43.0%, and 60.6%, respectively. Four phenotypes were identified, including the lean/elderly/multimorbid; congestive/metabolic; CAD-induced; and younger/atrial fibrillation (AF)/VHD. The novel phenotype "younger/AF/VHD" exhibited high symptom burden and poor functional capacity despite being the youngest and least multimorbid. The "lean/elderly/multimorbid" phenotype demonstrated the highest symptom severity and inhospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our research highlights a younger, predominantly female population with high disease burden. The four novelly identified phenotypes provide contemporary and pragmatic insights into a phenotype-guided approach, exclusively targeting the Vietnamese population.

Establishment of an Experimental Procedure for Preparing Trial Serum Samples for the Specific Serodiagnosis of Toxocara canis for External Quality Assessment Schemes.

BACKGROUND: External quality assessment (EQA) provides evidence of reliable, accurate, and precise results for customers using the diagnostic test for Toxocara canis. Objective. To establish a procedure for producing standard Toxocara canis serum samples for serodiagnostic testing in EQA. METHODS: The collected serum samples to contain anti-Toxocara canis serum samples for serodiagnostic testing in EQA. F-test and a T-test were applied to evaluate their homogeneity and stability. RESULTS: Among eleven samples positive by ELISA, ten of them were confirmed via Western blotting by positive reaction with 5 specific Toxocara canis serum samples for serodiagnostic testing in EQA. Toxocara canis serum samples for serodiagnostic testing in EQA. p > 0.05). Samples produced by both methods were stable for 7 days at 30°C (p > 0.05). Samples produced by both methods were stable for 7 days at 30°C (. CONCLUSION: Specific serodiagnosis samples of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies for EQA could be produced that possessed homogeneity and stability lasting for 3 months and 6 months by the freeze-drying and freezing methods, respectively. At 30°C, the samples produced by both methods were stable for 7 days, suitable for delivery to remote laboratories.Toxocara canis serum samples for serodiagnostic testing in EQA.

Human brain processing and central mechanisms of pain as observed by electro- and magneto-encephalography.

We review the recent progress of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to elucidate pain perception mechanisms in humans, since EEG and MEG have an excellent temporal resolution in order of msec. MEG is more useful to detect activated areas following painful stimulation, because the spatial resolution of EEG is not very high. For recording activities following Adelta fiber stimulation relating to the first pain, painful CO2 laser stimulation is now widely used, but our new method, epidermal stimulation (ES), is also very useful. The primary small activity was recorded from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), probably in area 1, in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulation. Then, secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and insula were activated with the second activity in SI. These 3 regions were activated in parallel with almost the same time period. This is a very characteristic finding in pain perception. Then, the cingulate cortex and medial temporal area (MT) around the amygdala and hippocampus were activated. In the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulation as well, the above regions were activated, except for SI. Therefore, we speculated that SI plays a main role in localization of the stimulus point, the SII and insula are important sites for pain perception, and the cingulate and MT are mainly responsible for cognitive or emotional aspects of pain perception. For recording activities following C fiber stimulation relating to the second pain, we recently developed a new method, that is, applying weaker CO2 laser stimuli to tiny areas of the skin. MEG findings following C fiber stimulation were also similar to those following Adelta fiber stimulation. However, the effects of sleep and attention on MEG following C fiber stimulation was much larger than that following Adelta fiber stimulation. This finding may suggest greater effects of cognitive or emotional functions on second pain than the first pain.