RESUMO
The substantial progresses during the last decades in the field of infectious diseases have significantly improved their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Basic and medical sciences have efficiently dealt with the challenges of emerging infections, infectious complications related to the increasing complexity of medical practices and marked slow-down in the development of new antimicrobial agents. During the worldwide crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the « medical normality ¼ has been put in stand-by, but medical advances have fortunately continued. In the present article we present new knowledge in the field of bacterial, viral and fungal infections, which may modify hospital and ambulatory practices. Significant achievements in the field of COVID-19 will be presented in a future article.
Les progrès spectaculaires des dernières décennies dans le domaine des maladies infectieuses ont sensiblement amélioré leurs prévention, diagnostic et traitement. Les sciences de base et cliniques ont répondu présent face à de multiples défis: infections émergentes, complications infectieuses de pratiques médicales de plus en plus complexes, ralentissement préoccupant du développement de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens. Pendant la crise mondiale liée à la pandémie de Covid-19, la « normalité médicale ¼ a dû être mise entre parenthèses, mais les progrès médicaux se sont fort heureusement poursuivis. Dans cet article, nous vous présentons de nouvelles connaissances en matière d'infections bactériennes, virales ou fongiques qui pourraient faire évoluer nos pratiques hospitalières et ambulatoires. Les acquis marquants dans le domaine du Covid-19 feront l'objet d'un article à venir.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/terapia , Previsões , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Bacillus cereus is a widely-distributed, gram-positive or variable, rod-shaped bacterium frequently considered a contaminant in clinical specimens. It is recognized as a potential pathogen inducing self-limiting emetic or diarrheal food poisoning or localized infection in immunocompetent patients. True
Assuntos
Bacillus cereus/citologia , Bacteriemia/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Neuropatologia/métodosRESUMO
Background: Prompt recognition of sepsis is critical to improving patients' outcomes. We compared the performance of NEWS and qSOFA scores as sepsis detection tools in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with suspicion of sepsis. Methodology: A single-center 12-month retrospective study comparing NEWS using the recommended cut-off of ≥5 and qSOFA as sepsis screening tools in a cohort of patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS) to the Lausanne University Hospital (LUH). We used the Sepsis-3 consensus definition. The primary study endpoint was the detection of sepsis. Secondary endpoints were ICU admission and 28-day all-cause mortality. Results: Among 886 patients admitted to ED by EMS for suspected infection, 556 (63%) had a complete set of vital parameters panel enabling the calculation of NEWS and qSOFA scores, of whom 300 (54%) had sepsis. For the detection of sepsis, the sensitivity of NEWS > 5 was 86% and that of qSOFA ≥ 2 was 34%. Likewise, the sensitivities of NEWS ≥ 5 for predicting ICU admission and 28-day mortality were higher than those of qSOFA ≥ 2 (82% versus 33% and 88% versus 37%). Conversely, the specificity of qSOFA ≥ 2 for sepsis detection was higher than that of NEWS ≥ 5 (90% versus 55%). The negative predictive value of NEWS > 5 was higher than that of qSOFA ≥ 2 (77% versus 54%), while the positive predictive value of qSOFA ≥ 2 was higher than that of NEWS ≥ 5 (80% versus 69%). Finally, the accuracy of NEWS ≥ 5 was higher than that of qSOFA ≥ 2 (72% versus 60%). Conclusions: The sensitivity of NEWS ≥ 5 was superior to that of qSOFA ≥ 2 to identify patients with sepsis in the ED and predict ICU admission and 28-day mortality. In contrast, qSOFA ≥ 2 had higher specificity and positive predictive values than NEWS ≥ 5 for these three endpoints.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host response to infection. The quick SOFA (qSOFA) score has been recently proposed as a new bedside clinical score to identify patients with suspected infection at risk of complication (intensive care unit (ICU) admission, in-hospital mortality). The aim of this study was to measure the sensitivity of the qSOFA score, SIRS criteria and sepsis definitions to identify the most serious sepsis cases in the prehospital setting and at the emergency department (ED) triage. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS) to the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) over twelve months. All patients with a suspected or proven infection after the ED workup were included. We retrospectively analysed the sensitivity of the qSOFA score (≥2 criteria), SIRS criteria (≥2 clinical criteria) and sepsis definition (SIRS criteria + one sign of organ dysfunction or hypoperfusion) in the pre-hospital setting and at the ED triage as predictors of ICU admission, ICU stay of ≥3 days and early (i.e. 48 h) mortality. No direct comparison between the three tools was attempted. RESULTS: Among 11,411 patients transported to the University hospital, 886 (7.8%) were included. In the pre-hospital setting, the sensitivity of qSOFA reached 36.3% for ICU admission, 17.4% for ICU stay of three days or more and 68.0% for 48 h mortality. The sensitivity of SIRS criteria reached 68.8% for ICU admission, 74.6% for ICU stay of three days or more and 64.0% for 48 h mortality. The sensitivity of sepsis definition did not reach 60% for any outcome. At ED triage, the sensitivity of qSOFA reached 31.2% for ICU admission, 30.5% for ICU stay of ≥3 days and 60.0% for mortality at 48 h. The sensitivity of SIRS criteria reached 58.8% for ICU admission, 57.6% for ICU stay of ≥3 days 80.0% for mortality at 48 h. The sensitivity of sepsis definition reached 60.0% for 48 h mortality. DISCUSSION: Incidence of sepsis in the ED among patients transported by ambulance was 3.8 percent. This rate, associated to the mortality of sepsis, confirms the necessity to dispose of a test to early identify those patients. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity performance of all three tools was suboptimal. The qSOFA score, SIRS criteria and sepsis definition have low identification sensitivity in selecting septic patients in the pre-hospital setting or upon arrival in the ED at risk of complication.