Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 33
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Microb Pathog ; 196: 106914, 2024 Sep 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39241817

RESUMO

The increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens in aquaculture makes it is imperative to find control measures for AMR pathogens causing high economic losses in aquaculture. In the present study, a multidrug resistance (MDR) Aeromonas hydrophila bacterium was isolated from kidney samples of diseased carp originating from a fish farm in Awankot, Rupnagar, Punjab, India. Moribund-infected fish exhibited large irregular hemorrhages on the external body surfaces, exophthalmia and fin-rot-like lesions. Phenotypic characterization using Rimler-Shotts (RS) media showed characteristic yellow color colonies and beta hemolysis on sheep blood agar. Genotyping using species-specific primers for the rpoB and gyrB genes characterized the isolate as A. hydrophila. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index analysis showed that the isolated A. hydrophila had an MAR score of 0.29 signifying its resistance to more than three antibiotics, which underscores the need of finding treatment methods for MDR A. hydrophila isolates causing disease in aquaculture. Bacteriophages are considered a better eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics because of their inherent properties of not causing drug residues and resistance. Of the 13 phages tested, the Aeromonas veronii phage designated as AVP3, initially isolated against Aeromonas veronii, showed lytic activity against the MDR A. hydrophila isolated from diseased carp in this study. In addition, it also showed the lytic activity against Aeromonas spp. And A. caviae indicating that it had lytic properties against a wide host range within the Aeromonas species. This finding points to the potential efficacy of bacteriophages in mitigating pathogenic infections in aquaculture.

2.
Arch Microbiol ; 206(5): 219, 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38627275

RESUMO

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major freshwater fish pathogens. In the current study, a cocktail of D6 and CF7 phages was given orally to Labeo rohita to assess phage survival in fish organs as well as to determine the therapeutic efficacy of phage treatment against fish mortality caused by A. hydrophila. In the phage-coated feed, prepared by simple spraying method, phage counts were quite stable for up to 2 months with a decline of ≤ 0.23 log10 and ≤ 1.66 log10 PFU/g feed during 4 oC and room temperature storage. Throughout the experimental period of 7 days, both phages could be detected in the gut of fish fed with phage-coated feed. Besides, both CF7 and D6 phages were also detected in fish kidneys indicating the ability of both the phage to cross the intestinal barrier. During challenge studies with LD50 dose of A. hydrophila, phage cocktail doses of 1 × 106 - 1 × 108 PFU/g feed prevented the mortality in L. rohita with relative percentage survival (RPS) of 8.7-65.2. When challenged with LD90 dose of A. hydrophila, an RPS value of 28.6 was obtained at a phage cocktail dose of 1 × 108 PFU/g feed. The RPS data showed that orally-fed phage cocktail protected the fish against the mortality caused by A. hydrophila in a dose-dependent manner. Simple practical approaches for phage cocktail development, medicated feed preparation and oral administration along with phage survival and protection data make the current study useful for farmer-level application.


Assuntos
Bacteriófagos , Cyprinidae , Doenças dos Peixes , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Animais , Aeromonas hydrophila , Doenças dos Peixes/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária
3.
Int Microbiol ; 26(3): 591-600, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36609954

RESUMO

This study evaluated the potential pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Vibrio species isolated from inland saline shrimp culture farms. Out of 200 Vibrio isolates obtained from 166 shrimp/water samples, 105 isolates were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and 31 isolates were identified as V. alginolyticus and V. cholerae, respectively. During PCR screening of virulence-associated genes, the presence of the tlh gene was confirmed in 70 and 19 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus, respectively. Besides, 10 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were also found positive for trh gene. During antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), very high resistance to cefotaxime (93.0%), amoxiclav (90.3%), ampicillin (88.2%), and ceftazidime (73.7%) was observed in all Vibrio species. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values of Vibrio isolates ranged from 0.00 to 0.75, with 90.1% of isolates showing resistance to ≥ 3 antibiotics. The AST and MAR patterns did not significantly vary sample-wise or Vibrio species-wise. During the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing of various antibiotics against Vibrio isolates, the highest MIC values were recorded for amoxiclav followed by kanamycin. These results indicated that multi-drug resistant Vibrio species could act as the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the shrimp culture environment. The limited host range of 12 previously isolated V. parahaemolyticus phages against V. parahaemolyticus isolates from this study indicated that multiple strains of V. parahaemolyticus were prevalent in inland saline shrimp culture farms. The findings of the current study emphasize that routine monitoring of emerging aquaculture areas is critical for AMR pathogen risk assessment.


Assuntos
Vibrio cholerae , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Prevalência , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Águas Salinas
4.
Virus Genes ; 58(5): 483-487, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35637392

RESUMO

Despite their evolutionary, molecular biology and biotechnological significance, relatively fewer numbers of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) filamentous phages belonging to the family Inoviridae have been discovered and characterized to date. The present study focused on genome sequencing and characterization of an ssDNA Vibrio parahaemolyticus phage V5 previously isolated from an inland saline shrimp culture farm. The complete circular genome of phage V5 consisted of 6658 bp with GC content of 43.7%. During BLASTn analysis, only 36% of phage V5 genome matched with other Vibrio phage genomes in the NCBI database with a sequence identity value of 79%. During the phylogenetic analysis, phage V5 formed a separate branch in the minor clade. These features indicate the novel nature of the phage V5 genome. Among 10 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) in the phage V5 genome, 6 encoded for the proteins of known biological functions, whereas the rest were classified as hypotheticals. Proteins involved in replication and structural assembly were encoded by the phage genome. However, the absence of genes encoding for DNA/RNA polymerases and tRNAs signified that phage V5 is dependent on the host`s molecular machinery for its propagation. As per our knowledge, this is the first study describing the novel genome sequence of an ssDNA V. parahaemolyticus phage from the inland saline environment.


Assuntos
Bacteriófagos , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Aquicultura , Bacteriófagos/genética , DNA de Cadeia Simples/genética , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Filogenia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
5.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 114: 132-141, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33932598

RESUMO

Biofilm vaccine has been recognised as one of the successful strategy to reduce the Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. But, the vaccine contains the protective and non-protective proteins, which may lead to show altered heterologous adaptive immunity response. Moreover, cross protection and effectiveness of previously developed biofilm vaccine was not tested against different geographical A. hydrophila isolates. Therefore, in the present study, whole-cell A. hydrophila biofilm vaccine was evaluated in rohu, vaccinated group showed increased antibody titer and protection against the different geographical A. hydrophila isolates namely KAH1 and AAH2 with 78.9% and 84.2% relative percentage survival, respectively. In addition, by using the immune sera of biofilm vaccinated group, a total of six protective proteins were detected using western blot assay. Further, the same proteins were identified by nano LC-MS/MS method, a total of fourteen candidate proteins showing the immunogenic property including highly expressed OMP's tolC, bamA, lamb, AH4AK4_2542, AHGSH82_029580 were identified as potential vaccine candidates. The STRING analysis revealed that, top candidate proteins identified may potentially interact with other intracellular proteins; involved in ribosomal and (tricarboxylic acid) TCA pathway. Importantly, all the selected vaccine candidate proteins contain the B-cell epitope region. Finally, the present study concludes that, whole-cell A. hydrophila biofilm vaccine able to protect the fish against the different geographical A. hydrophila isolates. Further, through reverse vaccinology approach, a total of fourteen proteins were identified as potential vaccine candidates against A. hydrophila pathogen.


Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila/fisiologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cyprinidae , Doenças dos Peixes/prevenção & controle , Aeromonas hydrophila/imunologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Vacinas Bacterianas , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Epitopos de Linfócito B , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Nanotecnologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Vacinologia/métodos
6.
Indian J Microbiol ; 61(2): 212-217, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33927462

RESUMO

Among the various bacterial pathogens associated with the aquaculture environment, Vibrio parahaemolyticus the important one from shrimp and human health aspects. Though having been around for several decades, phage-based control of bacterial pathogens (phage therapy) has recently re-emerged as an attractive alternative due to the availability of modern phage characterization tools and the global emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the present study, a total of 12 V. parahaemolyticus specific phages were isolated from 264 water samples collected from inland saline shrimp culture farms. During the host range analysis against standard/field isolates of V. parahaemolyticus and other bacterial species, lytic activity was observed against 2.3-45.5% of tested V. parahaemolyticus isolates. No lytic activity was observed against other bacterial species. For genomic characterization, high-quality phage nucleic acid with concentrations ranging from 7.66 to 220 ng/µl was isolated from 9 phages. After digestion treatments with DNase, RNase and S1 nuclease, the nature of phage nucleic acid was determined as ssDNA and dsDNA for 7 and 2 phages respectively. During transmission electron microscopy analysis of phage V5, it was found to have a filamentous shape making it a member of the family Inoviridae. During efficacy study of phage against V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp, 78.1% reduction in bacterial counts was observed within 1 h of phage application. These results indicate the potential of phage therapy for the control of V. parahaemoyticus in shrimp. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00934-6.

7.
Arch Virol ; 165(7): 1675-1678, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32356184

RESUMO

Aeromonas hydrophila is an important finfish pathogen, besides being an opportunistic human pathogen. In the present study, the genomes of three A. hydrophila-specific phages, CF8, PS1, and PS2, were isolated, characterized and sequenced. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all three phages had typical Myoviridae morphology. The linear dsDNA genomes of CF8, PS1, and PS2 were 238,150 bp, 237,367 bp, and 240,447 bp in length, with a GC content of 42.2%, 38.8%, and 38.8%, respectively. The low sequence similarity (67.6% - 69.8% identity with 27.0% - 29.0% query coverage) to other phage genomes in the NCBI database indicated the novel nature of the CF8, PS1, and PS2 genomes. A total of 244, 247, and 250 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in the CF8, PS1, and PS2 genome, respectively. During the annotation process, functional predictions were made for 28-31 ORFs, while the rest were classified as "hypothetical proteins" with yet unknown functions. Genes for tRNAs were also detected in all phage genomes. As all three phages in the present study had a very narrow host range with lytic activity against only one strain of A. hydrophila, these phages could be good candidates for phage typing applications. Moreover, the endolysin- and lytic-transglycosylase-encoding genes could be used for recombinant cloning and expression of anti-microbial proteins.


Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila/virologia , Bacteriófagos/genética , Genoma Viral , Myoviridae/genética , Bacteriófagos/classificação , Bacteriófagos/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriófagos/fisiologia , Composição de Bases , Sequência de Bases , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Myoviridae/classificação , Myoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Myoviridae/fisiologia , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filogenia
8.
Arch Virol ; 165(8): 1933-1934, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32430596

RESUMO

Authors would like to correct the incorrect version.

9.
Arch Microbiol ; 201(3): 295-303, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30604012

RESUMO

Gut microbiota of freshwater carp (Labeo rohita) was investigated by shotgun metagenomics to understand its taxonomic composition and functional capabilities. With the presence of 36 phyla, 326 families and 985 genera, the fish gut microbiota was found to be quite diverse in nature. However, at the phylum level, more than three-fourths of gut microbes belonged to Proteobacteria. Very low prevalence of commonly used probiotic bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus) in fish gut suggested the need to search for alternative probiotics for aquaculture use. Biosynthesis pathways were found to be the most dominant (51%) followed by degradation (39%), energy metabolism (4%) and fermentation (2%). In conformity with herbivorous feeding habit of L. rohita, gut microbiome also had pathways for the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, pectin, starch, and other complex carbohydrates. High prevalence of Actinobacteria and antibiotic biosynthesis pathways in the fish gut microbiome indicated its potential for bioprospecting of potentially novel natural antibiotics. Fifty-one different types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) belonging to 15 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene families and conferring resistance against 24 antibiotic types were detected in fish gut. Some of the ARGs for multi-drug resistance were also found to be located on sequences of plasmid origin. The presence of pathogenic bacteria and ARGs on plasmid sequences suggested the potential risk due to horizontal gene transfer in the confined gut environment. The role of ARGs in fish gut microbiome needs further investigations.


Assuntos
Bactérias , Carpas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aquicultura , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/genética , Peixes , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Metagenômica/métodos , Probióticos
10.
Arch Virol ; 162(7): 1963-1973, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28324177

RESUMO

Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Africa, Latin America, Europe, and Southeast Asia have resulted in serious health concerns. To understand more about evolution and transmission of ZIKV, detailed codon usage analysis was performed for all available strains. A high effective number of codons (ENC) value indicated the presence of low codon usage bias in ZIKV. The effect of mutational pressure on codon usage bias was confirmed by significant correlations between nucleotide compositions at third codon positions and ENCs. Correlation analysis between Gravy values, Aroma values and nucleotide compositions at third codon positions also indicated some influence of natural selection. However, the low codon adaptation index (CAI) value of ZIKV with reference to human and mosquito indicated poor adaptation of ZIKV codon usage towards its hosts, signifying that natural selection has a weaker influence than mutational pressure. Additionally, relative dinucleotide frequencies, geographical distribution, and evolutionary processes also influenced the codon usage pattern to some extent.


Assuntos
Códon/fisiologia , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Zika virus/metabolismo , Códon/genética , Evolução Molecular , Mutação , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Zika virus/genética
11.
Arch Virol ; 162(10): 3137-3142, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28623405

RESUMO

We analysed the genomes and codon usage patterns of seven small (DNA and RNA) shrimp viruses. Effective number of codon (ENC) values indicated moderate (35 < ENC < 50) codon usage bias in shrimp viruses. Correlation analysis between GC compositions at non-synonymous codon and synonymous codon positions (GC1, 2 and GC3) as well as GC3 versus ENC curves indicated varying influences of mutational pressure on codon usage. The presence of deoptimized codons and host-antagonistic codon usage trends in shrimp viruses suggested the adaptation of a slow replication strategy by these viruses to avoid host defences. Low CpG frequencies indicated that shrimp viruses have evolved with underrepresentation of CpGs to avoid the host's immune response.


Assuntos
Códon/genética , Vírus de DNA/genética , Evolução Molecular , Penaeidae/virologia , Vírus de RNA/genética , Animais , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Genoma Viral
13.
Arch Virol ; 161(2): 459-64, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26586333

RESUMO

Penaeus monodon nudivirus (PmNV) is one of the most important and most commonly reported shrimp viruses. In the present study, codon usage of PmNV was studied in detail. Based on effective number of codons (ENC) values, strong to low codon usage bias was observed in PmNV genes. Nucleotide composition-ENC correlation analysis and the GC3 versus ENC relationship indicated that compositional constraint has a major effect on codon usage of PmNV. At the whole-genome level, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis showed almost complete antagonism between the codon usage pattern of PmNV and its host P. monodon. However, codon adaptive index (CAI) values indicated that forces of selective/translational constraints have been able to overcome this antagonism in some genes.


Assuntos
Códon , Biologia Computacional , Vírus de DNA/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Penaeidae/virologia , Adaptação Biológica , Animais , Composição de Bases , Vírus de DNA/isolamento & purificação
14.
J Transl Med ; 13: 43, 2015 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25638213

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The personalization of cancer treatments implies the reconsideration of a one-size-fits-all paradigm. This move has spawned increased use of next generation sequencing to understand mutations and copy number aberrations in cancer cells. Initial personalization successes have been primarily driven by drugs targeting one patient-specific oncogene (e.g., Gleevec, Xalkori, Herceptin). Unfortunately, most cancers include a multitude of aberrations, and the overall impact on cancer signaling and metabolic networks cannot be easily nullified by a single drug. METHODS: We used a novel predictive simulation approach to create an avatar of patient cancer cells using point mutations and copy number aberration data. Simulation avatars of myeloma patients were functionally screened using various molecularly targeted drugs both individually and in combination to identify drugs that are efficacious and synergistic. Repurposing of drugs that are FDA-approved or under clinical study with validated clinical safety and pharmacokinetic data can provide a rapid translational path to the clinic. High-risk multiple myeloma patients were modeled, and the simulation predictions were assessed ex vivo using patient cells. RESULTS: Here, we present an approach to address the key challenge of interpreting patient profiling genomic signatures into actionable clinical insights to make the personalization of cancer therapy a practical reality. Through the rational design of personalized treatments, our approach also targets multiple patient-relevant pathways to address the emergence of single therapy resistance. Our predictive platform identified drug regimens for four high-risk multiple myeloma patients. The predicted regimes were found to be effective in ex vivo analyses using patient cells. CONCLUSIONS: These multiple validations confirm this approach and methodology for the use of big data to create personalized therapeutics using predictive simulation approaches.


Assuntos
Simulação por Computador , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Genômica , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Medicina de Precisão
15.
Br J Haematol ; 165(1): 89-101, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24405121

RESUMO

The phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated and correlated with drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study we investigated the role of PI3KCA (PI3K-α) in the progression and drug resistance in MM. We showed that the gene expression of PI3KCA isoform was higher in MM compared to normal subjects. BYL719, a novel and specific PI3KCA inhibitor inhibited the survival of primary MM cells and cell lines but not normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BYL719 induced the apoptosis of MM cells and inhibited their cell cycle by causing G1 arrest. BYL719 inhibited PI3K signalling, decreased proliferation and cells cycle signalling, and induced apoptosis signalling in MM cells. Finally, BYL719 synergized with bortezomib and carfilzomib, and overcame drug resistance induced by bone marrow stroma. These results were confirmed using in silico simulation of MM cell lines, BYL719 and bortezomib, and showed similar trends in survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell signalling and synergy with drugs. In conclusion, PI3KCA plays a major role in proliferation and drug resistance of MM cells, the effects of which were inhibited with BYL719. These results provide a preclinical basis for a future clinical trial of BYL719 in MM as a single agent or in combination with other drugs.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Progressão da Doença , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Inibidores de Proteassoma/farmacologia
16.
Virol J ; 10: 191, 2013 Jun 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23758761

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Quantification of titers of ubiquitous viruses such as Torque teno virus (TTV) that do not cause clinical symptoms might be helpful in assessing the immune status of an individual. We hereby describe the validation of a SYBR Green-based TTV quantification method for plasma samples. METHODS: Plasmids with TTV specific inserts were used for preparing standards and absolute quantification of TTV was performed using SYBR Green methodology. The method was assessed for its accuracy and precision (intra and inter-day) on four non-consecutive days. TTV was also quantified from plasma samples of 20 healthy volunteers and from 30 hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. RESULTS: The assay was specific and showed satisfactory efficiency (82.2%, R2=0.99) with the limit of quantification defined as 100 copies per reaction. The assay had good precision (inter and intra-day coefficient of variation in cycle threshold (CT) < 4%) and accuracy (100 ± 10%) in the range of 100 to 1010 copies/reaction. We found TTV loads ranging from 2.5 - 4.07 log copies/mL of plasma with CT (mean ± SD) of 33.8 ± 1.77 in healthy individuals and 2.06 - 8.49 log copies/mL of plasma with CT (mean ± SD) of 24.3 ± 1.04 in HSCT recipients. CONCLUSION: SYBR Green-based q-PCR assay combines simplicity with satisfactory sensitivity and may be suitable for monitoring the immune status of transplant recipients, where TTV loads over time may serve as a marker for immune reconstitution in human plasma samples.


Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Compostos Orgânicos/metabolismo , Plasma/virologia , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificação , Carga Viral/métodos , Adulto , Benzotiazóis , Diaminas , Humanos , Quinolinas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Viremia/virologia
17.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins ; 15(5): 1151-1168, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35904730

RESUMO

Aquaculture is a promising food sector to fulfil nutritional requirements of growing human population. Live weight aquaculture production reached up to 114.5 million tonnes in 2018 and it is further expected to grow by 32% by year 2030. Among total aquaculture production, major product harvested is finfish and its contribution has reached 46% in recent years. Frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases create obstacle in finfish production, result in economic losses to the farmers and threaten the sustainability of aquaculture industry itself. In spite of following the best management practices, the use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics and phytochemicals often become the method of choice in finfish culture. Among these, phytochemicals have shown lesser effect in animal welfare while antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics have led to negative consequences like emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and accumulation of residues in host and culture system, resulting in quality degradation of aqua products. Making use of probiotics as viable alternative has paved a way for sustainable aquaculture and minimise the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics that pose adverse effect on host and culture system. This review paper elucidates the knowledge about antibiotics and other chemicals, compilation of probiotics and their effects on health status of finfish as well as overall culture environment. Besides, concoction of probiotics and prebiotics for simultaneous application has also been discussed briefly.


Assuntos
Probióticos , Animais , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Aquicultura/métodos , Peixes/microbiologia , Prebióticos
18.
J Food Sci ; 88(10): 4015-4027, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37623915

RESUMO

Gelling behaviors of partially purified myofibrillar proteins (PPMP) extracted from Indian mackerel (IM) and threadfin bream (TB) as a function of heating temperatures (20-75°C) were comparatively studied. PPMP obtained from IM (IM-MP) showed lower turbidity and surface hydrophobicity as compared to those extracted from TB (TB-MP). Moreover, lower disulfide bond content was noticed in IM-MP (7.7-9.46 mol/106  g protein) as compared to TB-MP (10.99-13.95 mol/106  g protein) during the heating process. There was no major difference in the amino acid profile noticed between PPMP from both the species, except lysine and glutamine contents, which were higher in TB-MP. Structural analysis, FTIR spectra, amide I band, and fluorescence intensity substantiated those changes. The protein pattern also revealed autolysis of IM-MP. The transmission analysis also showed lower aggregation and crosslinking ability of IM-MP than TB-MP. Therefore, poorer gelling behavior of IM-MP reconfirmed the inferior gel property of surimi gel from IM to gel from TB. Potential development is still required for the improvement of the gel properties of dark-fleshed fish surimi such as IM. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Indian mackerel (IM) is an abundant and widely captured fish species. Due to overexploitation of lean fish, pelagic fish could be explored as a potential raw material for surimi production. However, poor gelling properties of IM limit its use in the surimi industry. This study provides an insight into the gelling behavior of myofibrillar proteins from IM during the gelation process in comparison with the lean fish (threadfin bream). Overall, structural and rheological changes of myofibrillar proteins play a role in gelation, thus affecting gel properties between two species. Further improvement of the gel of IM is still required.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Peixes , Perciformes , Animais , Proteínas de Peixes/química , Perciformes/metabolismo , Alimentos Marinhos , Peixes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Géis/química
19.
Virus Res ; 320: 198900, 2022 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36029927

RESUMO

In the present study, genome characteristics and codon usage patterns of 44 Aeromonas hydrophila phages were studied. Phage genomes varied from 30.8 to 262.0 kb with mean±SD and median values of 111.3 ± 81.4 kb and 79.4 kb, respectively. Though the great variation in phage GC contents (35.1-62.2%) was observed, GC contents of all phages (except two phages) were significantly less than the GC content (62.4 ± 5.6%) of the host. The effective number of codons (ENC) values of phage genes ranged from 27.7 to 61 with a mean±SD value of 47.4 ± 6.8. Out of a total 5773 phage genes, 207 (3.6%), 3,528 (61.1%) and 2,012 (34.9%) genes had strong (ENC < 35), moderate (35 < ENC < 50) and low (ENC ≥ 50) codon usage bias, respectively. During relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis, shared usage of preferred codons was also observed between the phages and host. During codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis, 1028 (17.8%) phage genes showed significant adaptation towards the host. Among these genes, 797 (78.0%) genes encoded hypothetical proteins or proteins of unknown function; whereas 118 (12%) genes encoded the phage structural and packaging proteins. Segregation of ENC, RSCU and CAI analysis results based on genome size also indicated that codon usage bias was more prominent in phages with small genomes. Correlation, neutrality and GC3 versus ENC analyzes indicated a more dominant role of natural selection in shaping the codon usage patterns of A. hydrophila phages. The findings of the current study could be useful from evolutionary and host-pathogen interaction perspectives leading to efficient utilization of phages for therapeutic and other applications.


Assuntos
Bacteriófagos , Aeromonas hydrophila/genética , Bacteriófagos/genética , Composição de Bases , Códon , Uso do Códon , Evolução Molecular , Mutação
20.
Front Physiol ; 13: 960897, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36045753

RESUMO

A 120-day feeding trial was conducted in a pilot field setting to study the nutraceutical properties of ginger powder (GP), focusing on the growth performance and health status of Indian major carp L. rohita reared under a semi-intensive culture system. L. rohita fingerlings (average weight: 20.5 g) were divided into five groups and fed a diet with no GP supplementation (control), or a diet supplemented with GP at 5 g (GP5), 10 g (GP10), 15 g (GP15), and 20 g (GP20) per kg of feed. The study was carried out in outdoor tanks (20 m2) following a complete randomized design with three replicates for each experimental group. Dietary supplementation of GP at 15 g·kg-1 (GP15) of feed caused a significant increase in the growth performances of the fish. Results also showed that feeding of GP15 diet led to a significant improvement in the health status of fish as indicated by a marked change in the tested haematological indices (i.e., higher RBC, WBC, Hb, and Ht values), oxidative status (increased SOD and decreased LPO levels), biochemical parameters (increased HDL, decreased cholesterol, and triglycerides levels), and activities of the liver enzymes (decreased AST and ALT). Overall results suggested that dietary supplementation of GP could positively influence the growth and health status of L. rohita fingerlings, and hence could be an important natural nutraceutical for sustainable farming of carp.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA