RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to use hierarchical linear cluster analysis to examine the normative personality styles of adults with ADHD. METHOD: A total of 311 adults with ADHD completed the Millon Index of Personality Styles, which consists of 24 scales assessing motivating aims, cognitive modes, and interpersonal behaviors. RESULTS: The sample was randomly divided into half, and independent hierarchical linear cluster analyses were performed on each half to identify replicable clusters. A three-cluster solution was selected, and two of the clusters were replicated across the independent analyses. Participants in Cluster 1 manifested more polarized, negative motivating aims, cognitive modes, and interpersonal behaviors than participants in Cluster two. CONCLUSION: Hierarchical linear cluster analyses identified two very different personality styles in a sample of adults with ADHD, with implications for clinicians and future research.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Personalidade/classificação , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Análise por Conglomerados , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria , Estudos de Amostragem , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Social and emotional competence were evaluated using self-report and behavioral measures in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls. Adults with ADHD viewed themselves as less socially competent but more sensitive toward violations of social norms than controls. Films depicting emotional interactions were used to assess linguistic properties of free recall and perceived emotional intensity. Although adults with ADHD used more words to describe the scenes, they used fewer emotion-related words, despite rating the emotions depicted as more intense than did controls. In contrast, no group differences for words depicting social or cognitive processes were observed. Overall, adults with ADHD appear more aware of their problems in social versus emotional skills. Findings may have implications for improving the psychosocial functioning of these adults.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Emoções , Autoimagem , Comportamento Social , Adulto , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Conscientização , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção Social , Comportamento VerbalRESUMO
Emotional competence and deficits that may disrupt interpersonal interactions were evaluated in 28 adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 28 demographically equivalent controls. Participants completed tasks assessing affect recognition and experienced emotional intensity. Adults with ADHD performed worse in affect recognition than did adults without the disorder; however, the impairment was unrelated to gross perceptual processes, fundamental abilities in facial recognition, or attentional aspects of affect perception. Moreover, intensity of experienced emotion moderated affect recognition: Among controls, experienced emotion facilitated affect recognition. Among adults with ADHD, who reported significantly greater intensity, experienced emotion was inversely related to affect recognition. Results are consistent with theories of ADHD as a deficit in behavioral inhibition; yet, results may merely reflect a constellation of deficits associated with the disorder.