RESUMO
The members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Japanese Society of Pediatric Pulmonology have developed Guidelines for the Management of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Children with the objective of facilitating appropriate diagnosis, treatment and prevention of respiratory infections in children. The first edition was published in 2004 and the fifth edition was published in 2022. The Guideline 2022 consists of 2 parts, clinical questions and commentary, and includes general respiratory infections and specific infections in children with underlying diseases and severe infections. This executive summary outlines the clinical questions in the Guidelines 2022, with reference to the Japanese Medical Information Distribution Service Manual. All recommendations are supported by a systematic search for relevant evidence and are followed by the strength of the recommendation and the quality of the evidence statements.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis , Infecções Respiratórias , Criança , Humanos , Doenças Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/terapia , Japão/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Members of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Pulmonology and the Japanese Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases developed the Guidelines for the Management of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Children with the objective of facilitating the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of childhood respiratory infections. To date, a first edition (2004) and a revised edition (2007) have been issued. Many problems complicate the diagnosis of the pathogens responsible for bronchopulmonary infections in children. The Guidelines were the first pediatric guidelines in the world to recommend treatment with antimicrobials suited to causative pathogens as identified from cultures of sputum and other clinical specimens collected from infection sites and satisfying assessment criteria. The major causative microorganisms for pneumonia in infants and children were revealed to be Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This manuscript describes the Guidelines for the Management of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Children in Japan 2007, with a focus on pneumonia.
Assuntos
Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/terapia , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/terapia , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite/terapia , Bronquite/diagnóstico , Bronquite/terapia , Criança , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Infecção Hospitalar , Humanos , Japão , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Manejo de Espécimes , Escarro/microbiologiaRESUMO
Fourteen pediatric patients diagnosed as bacterial meningitis between August 1997 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. Both rapid antigen detection test, Slidex Meningite 5 Kit (Biomerieux) and culture were performed using cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). H. influenzae was isolated from 11 samples and was the most frequently isolated bacteria, followed by S. pneumoniae from 4 samples and enteric bacteriae from 2 samples. Five out of six samples with positive result by culture were also positive by the rapid antigen test. Gram-negative rod was identified in smear specimens of CSF from all these 5 samples. Significance of the rapid antigen test should be recognized under drug resistance of those bacteriae are increasing.