Assessing the Safety of Mechanically Fibrillated Cellulose Nanofibers (fib-CNF) via Toxicity Tests on Mice: Single Intratracheal Administration and 28 Days' Oral Intake.

Mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibers, known as fib-CNF (fiber length: 500 nm; diameter: 45 nm), are used in composites and as a natural thickener in foods. To evaluate their safety, we conducted a 28-day study in mice with inhalation exposure at 0.2 mg/body and oral administration of 400 mg/kg/day. Inhalation exposure to fib-CNF caused transient weight loss, changes in blood cell counts, and increased lung weights. These changes were attributed to adaptive responses. The oral administration of fib-CNF for 28 days resulted in no apparent toxic effects except for a slight decrease in platelet counts. The fib-CNF administration using the protocols studied appears to be safe in mice.

Calculation of Strain Energy Density Function Using Ogden Model and Mooney-Rivlin Model Based on Biaxial Elongation Experiments of Silicone Rubber.

Strain energy density functions are used in CAE analysis of hyperelastic materials such as rubber and elastomers. This function can originally be obtained only by experiments using biaxial deformation, but the difficulty of such experiments has made it almost impossible to put the function to practical use. Furthermore, it has been unclear how to introduce the strain energy density function necessary for CAE analysis from the results of biaxial deformation experiments on rubber. In this study, parameters of the Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin approximations of the strain energy density function were derived from the results of biaxial deformation experiments on silicone rubber, and their validity was verified. These results showed that it is best to determine the coefficients of the approximate equations for the strain energy density function after 10 cycles of repeated elongation of rubber in an equal biaxial deformation state, followed by equal biaxial elongation, uniaxial constrained biaxial elongation, and uniaxial elongation to obtain these three stress-strain curves.

Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Composites Made of Commingled Carbon Fiber/Nylon Fiber.

Commingled yarns consisting of thermoplastic nylon fibers and carbon fibers can be used to produce superior carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) by applying fiber spreading technology after commingling. In this study, we examined whether spread commingled carbon fiber/nylon fiber yarns could reduce the impregnation distance, as there are few reports on this. From this study, the following are revealed. The impregnation speed of the nylon resin on the carbon fiber was very fast, less than 1 min. As the molding time increased, the tensile strength and tensile fracture strain slightly decreased, and the nylon resin deteriorated. The effects of molding time on flexural strength, flexural modulus, and flexural fracture strain were negligible. From the cross-sectional observation conducted to confirm the impregnation state of the matrix resin, no voids were observed in the molded products, regardless of molding time or molding pressure, indicating that resin impregnation into the carbon fiber bundle of the spread commingled yarn fabric was completed at a molding pressure of 5 MPa and a molding time of 5 min.

Infection Prevention Mask Consisting of Nanofiber Filter and Habutae Silk Fabrics.

To reduce skin irritation and allergic symptoms caused by long-term mask use, we produced a mask with a filter effect by laminating nanofibers on habutae silk fabric, a specialty of Japan's Fukui Prefecture, using the electrospinning method. We investigated the filter characteristics of silk fabrics with different weave structures (habutae, flat crepe, and twill). We found that woven fabrics alone could not sufficiently block particles finer than 1 µm, even when the fabric layers were overlapped. Therefore, we had a nanofiber filter layer fabricated on the surface of habutae fabric by the electrospinning method at a weight of 1 g/m2. The nanofibers removed more than 94% of 0.3 µm-particles, which are similar to the size of virus particles. However, the nanofiber layer was so dense that it caused an increase in pressure drop, so we made the nanofiber layer thinner and fabricated the filter on the surface of the habutae fabric at 0.5 g/m2. A three-dimensional mask consisting of two woven fabrics, one with a nanofiber layer on the inside and the other with a normal woven fabric without a nanofiber layer on the outside, was fabricated and tested on 95 subjects. The subjects reported that the nanofiber habutae masks were more comfortable than nonwoven masks. Moreover, the silk woven masks did not cause allergic symptoms such as skin irritation.

Taiwanin A incorporated polyurethane fiber sheets for prevention of postoperative cancer recurrence.

In this study, we propose a single solution for prevention of postoperative complications and recurrence of highly metastatic gastrointestinal tract cancers. Here, we demonstrate preparation and characterization of Taiwanin A incorporated polyurethane fiber sheets with excellent mechanical properties and sustained drug release. Sheets with elastic modulus of 8 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 30 MPa will provide support on surgical staple line preventing leakage at anastomosis. Slight burst release of the drug within 7 days (15%) and further sustained release will inhibit proliferation and migration of remaining cancer cells and maintain locoregional high drug concentration to prevent recurrence of the disease. High elasticity of the material will promote healing process without impeding natural peristalsis movement of gastrointestinal organs.