Threatening language detection from Urdu data with deep sequential model.

The Urdu language is spoken and written on different social media platforms like Twitter, WhatsApp, Facebook, and YouTube. However, due to the lack of Urdu Language Processing (ULP) libraries, it is quite challenging to identify threats from textual and sequential data on the social media provided in Urdu. Therefore, it is required to preprocess the Urdu data as efficiently as English by creating different stemming and data cleaning libraries for Urdu data. Different lexical and machine learning-based techniques are introduced in the literature, but all of these are limited to the unavailability of online Urdu vocabulary. This research has introduced Urdu language vocabulary, including a stop words list and a stemming dictionary to preprocess Urdu data as efficiently as English. This reduced the input size of the Urdu language sentences and removed redundant and noisy information. Finally, a deep sequential model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units is trained on the efficiently preprocessed, evaluated, and tested. Our proposed methodology resulted in good prediction performance, i.e., an accuracy of 82%, which is greater than the existing methods.

Gastric organoaxial volvulus: A lethal twist and a rare cause of acute abdomen.

Organoaxial gastric volvulus is a rare clinical condition. We present a 55 years old man with an acute episode of melena and hematemesis with moderate epigastric pain which was unresponsive to analgesics. Initially, the patient was misdiagnosed and treated symptomatically for other gastrointestinal conditions but later contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan revealed gastric organo-axial volvulus, which was associated with a right hiatal hernia. The patient underwent surgical treatment, including crural dissection, posterior esophageal window creation, lower esophageal sling, crural defect repair with porcine meshes, and anterior gastropexy, followed by intensive physiotherapy and antibiotics. Diagnosis of gastric volvulus can be challenging, due to its symptom similarity to other gastrointestinal disorders, necessitating a high level of suspicion.

Novel Biomarkers and the Multiple-Marker Approach in Early Detection, Prognosis, and Risk Stratification of Cardiac Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Cardiac diseases are a primary cause of mortality worldwide, underscoring the importance of early identification and risk stratification to enhance patient outcomes. Biomarkers have become important tools for the risk assessment of cardiovascular disease and monitoring disease progression. This narrative review focuses on the multiple-marker approach, which involves simultaneously evaluating several biomarkers for the early detection and risk stratification of heart diseases. The review covers the clinical applications of novel biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity troponin, galectin-3, source of tumorigenicity 2, B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, growth differentiation factor 15, myeloperoxidase, fatty acid-binding protein, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, microRNAs, circulating endothelial cells, and ischemia-modified albumin. These biomarkers have demonstrated potential in identifying people who are at high risk for developing heart disease and in providing prognostic data. Given the complexity of cardiac illnesses, the multiple-marker approach to risk assessment is extremely beneficial. Implementing the multiple-marker strategy can improve risk stratification, diagnostic accuracy, and patient care in heart disease patients.

Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma: A Review.

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy originating from the endothelial lining of cardiac blood vessels. This review covers various aspects of the disease, including its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The primary characteristic of cardiac angiosarcoma is the rapid growth of abnormal blood vessels that invade the heart muscle, leading to the destruction of healthy tissue. Due to its infiltrative nature and early spread, diagnosing and treating cardiac angiosarcoma present significant challenges. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays a crucial role in diagnosing cardiac tumors such as angiosarcoma due to its high sensitivity. Additional imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help assess tumor anatomy and identify metastases. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry are essential for confirming the diagnosis, as they reveal distinct histological features and specific endothelial markers associated with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Targeted therapies directed at the angiogenic mechanisms and molecular abnormalities hold promise for improving treatment outcomes. Early detection of primary cardiac angiosarcoma remains challenging due to its rarity, and the prognosis is generally poor due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration among different specialties to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. The ultimate goal is to enhance diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches by advancing knowledge and promoting further research into this aggressive malignancy.

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Takayasu Arteritis: A Review of Current Advances.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic, inflammatory vasculitis that primarily affects large arteries, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of TA based on current advances in the field. TA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated inflammation, vascular remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction. The disease progresses through three stages (active, chronic, and healing phase) each presenting distinct clinical features. Diagnosis of TA can be challenging due to non-specific clinical manifestations and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Various imaging modalities, such as angiography, ultrasound, and Doppler techniques, play a crucial role in the diagnosis of TA by visualizing arterial involvement and assessing disease extent. Management of TA involves a multidisciplinary approach, with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as the cornerstone of medical therapy. Synthetic and biologic DMARDs are used to induce remission, control inflammation, and prevent complications. Non-pharmacologic interventions, such as resistance exercises and curcumin supplementation, show potential benefits. Invasive interventions, including endovascular therapy and open surgery, are used for managing vascular lesions. However, challenges remain in disease understanding and management, including the heterogeneity of disease presentation and the lack of standardized treatment guidelines. The future of TA management lies in precision medicine, utilizing biomarkers and molecular profiling to personalize treatment approaches and improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of TA and develop targeted therapies.

Biomimetic Approaches in Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Replicating the Native Heart Microenvironment.

Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, pose significant challenges in medical practice, necessitating innovative approaches for cardiac repair and regeneration. Cardiac tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution, aiming to develop functional and physiologically relevant cardiac tissue constructs. Replicating the native heart microenvironment, with its complex and dynamic milieu necessary for cardiac tissue growth and function, is crucial in tissue engineering. Biomimetic strategies that closely mimic the natural heart microenvironment have gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance synthetic cardiac tissue functionality and therapeutic applicability. Biomimetic approaches focus on mimicking biochemical cues, mechanical stimuli, coordinated electrical signaling, and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions of cardiac tissue. By combining bioactive ligands, controlled delivery systems, appropriate biomaterial characteristics, electrical signals, and strategies to enhance cell interactions, biomimetic approaches provide a more physiologically relevant environment for tissue growth. The replication of the native cardiac microenvironment enables precise regulation of cellular responses, tissue remodeling, and the development of functional cardiac tissue constructs. Challenges and future directions include refining complex biochemical signaling networks, paracrine signaling, synchronized electrical networks, and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. Advancements in biomimetic approaches hold great promise for cardiovascular regenerative medicine, offering potential therapeutic strategies and revolutionizing cardiac disease modeling. These approaches contribute to the development of more effective treatments, personalized medicine, and improved patient outcomes. Ongoing research and innovation in biomimetic approaches have the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine and cardiac disease modeling by replicating the native heart microenvironment, advancing functional cardiac tissue engineering, and improving patient outcomes.

Novel Therapeutic Targets for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Emerging Strategies and Future Directions.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), also known as Stoneman syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal bone development caused by activating mutations of the ACVR1 gene. FOP affects both the developmental and postnatal stages, resulting in musculoskeletal abnormalities and heterotopic ossification. Current treatment options for FOP are limited, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Challenges in the development of management criteria for FOP include difficulties in recruitment due to the rarity of FOP, disease variability, the absence of reliable biomarkers, and ethical considerations regarding placebo-controlled trials. This narrative review provides an overview of the disease and explores emerging strategies for FOP treatment. Gene therapy, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9) system, holds promise in treating FOP by specifically targeting the ACVR1 gene mutation. Another gene therapy approach being investigated is RNA interference, which aims to silence the mutant ACVR1 gene. Small molecule inhibitors targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3ß and modulation of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway are also being explored as potential therapies for FOP. Stem cell-based approaches, such as mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, show potential in tissue regeneration and inhibiting abnormal bone formation in FOP. Immunotherapy and nanoparticle delivery systems provide alternative avenues for FOP treatment.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pediatricians Regarding Pediatric Liquid Medicaments on Long-Term Oral Health: A Cross-sectional Study in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

BACKGROUND: A pediatrician is supposed to be one of the first clinician who sees a child from infancy through adolescence. This study was carried for pediatricians serving in medical colleges and tertiary hospitals in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed among 30 pediatricians serving in various medical colleges and tertiary hospitals in Bhubaneswar City area. It consisted of questions regarding knowledge of pediatricians on the awareness of detrimental effects of long-term liquid medicaments use on oral cavity, including delivery of oral hygiene instructions and regular dental checkup. The data as obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 17.0, for Microsoft Windows (Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: The results showed that there is a good amount of awareness among the pediatricians working in medical colleges in Bhubaneswar regarding pediatric liquid medication and their ill effects on teeth. Most pediatricians considered age and body weight of the child (87%). Sixty five percent of pediatricians were aware that pediatric liquid medication (PLM) can cause dental caries. Ninety five percent of them were aware of PLMs with sugar substitutes are available in market. CONCLUSION: The overall awareness among the pediatricians regarding the ill effects of pediatric liquid medications on teeth is satisfactory.

Population genetic characterization and family reconstruction in brood bank collections of the Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae:Cypriniformes).

The founder stock of a captive breeding program is prone to changes in genetic structure due to inbreeding and genetic drift. Genetic characterization of the founder population using suitable molecular markers may help monitor periodic changes in the genetic structure in future. To develop benchmark information about the genetic structure we analyzed six microsatellite loci in the Brodbank collections of rohu (Labeo rohita) originated from three major rivers-the Jamuna, the Padma and the Halda. A total of 28 alleles were detected in 90 individuals with an average of 4.6 alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.655 to 0.705 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.702 to 0.725. The mean F IS values were 0.103, 0.106 and 0.018 for the Jamuna, Padma and Halda fishes respectively. The population pair-wise F ST values ranged from 0.0057 to 0.0278. Structure analysis grouped the fishes of the three rivers into two clusters. The numbers of half-sib families were 5, 5 and 4 and the numbers of full-sib families were 12, 10 and 18 for the Halda, Jamuna and the Padma samples respectively. Bottleneck was detected in all the river samples. We recommend to collect more fish from different locations of the major rivers to broaden the genetic variability of the founder stocks of the Brood bank.