[Intensification of the organism detoxification ability under surgical endogenous intoxication]. / Povyshenie detoksikatsionnoi sposobnosti organizma pri khirurgicheskom éndotoksikoze.

The purpose of the study is to establish the effectiveness of remaxol in the correction of endogenous intoxication in patients with acute peritonitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work is based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies. The clinic examined 55 patients with acute moderate peritonitis as complication of various diseases (acute appendicitis, perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, acute intestinal obstruction, acute destructive cholecystitis). Before surgical operation and in the early postoperative period we evaluated the severity of endogenous intoxication by the level of hydrophilic and hydrophobic toxic products. The content of molecular products of lipids peroxidation - oxidative stress, phospholipase activity were determined in the blood plasma. In the study group (n = 28) in the postoperative therapy additionally included remaxol (400 ml intravenous fluids). RESULTS: Research established that the occurrence of endogenous intoxication syndrome in patients with acute peritonitis associated with the activation of oxidative stress and phospholipases, high intensity of which is maintained even after elimination of the source of peritonitis with manifestation on the 1st day after surgery. Remaxol include leads to a significant reduction in the severity of intoxication syndrome in patients with acute peritonitis. Positive effect of the drug on the correction of endogenous intoxication is largely determined by its ability to significantly reduce oxidative stress and the activity of phospholipases, as the most important membrane destabilizing agents. The greatest detoxication effect of the drug is recorded when it is applied already at the preoperative stage of patients when its ability to reduce the activity of trigger agents of catabolic processes implemented to the greatest extent. CONCLUSION: In acute moderate peritonitis, remaxol use before surgery or in the early postoperative period in complex therapy leads to a significant correction of factors contributing to the development and preservation of the intensification of catabolic processes - one of the sources of endogenous intoxication.

[Pharmacological effects of remaxol on endotoxicosis of peritonitis genesis].

It is found that the drug remaxol, which possesses antioxidant and antihypoxant properties, is also highly effective in correction of metabolism disorders in the kidneys with peritoneal endotoxicosis. The high neuroprotective effect of remaxol is related to its ability to correct the lipid metabolism violated by hypoxia phenomena in tissues, to decrease peroxidation of lipids and activity of phospholipase A2, and to recover intrinsic antioxidant potential of cellular structures of the kidney.

[Infantile hemangiopericytoma: a clinico-morphological study of 10 cases].

Infantile hemangiopericytoma (IH) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the extremity and trunk soft tissues with medium potential grade. Its clinical course and prognosis on the basis of morphological evidence are unpredictable. IH consists of CD34-positive fibroblasts forming around fissural vessels. Some tumors feature non-hemangiopericytic structures. IH is morphologically identifiable by comparing with other infantile fibroblastic tumors, such as myofibroma and solitary fibrous tumor. Immunomorphological examination is essential to assure proper diagnosis of IH.

[Decision on the strategy of treatment of acute cholecystitis in high operative risk patients].

Based on their personal experience with treatment of 118 patients the authors consider that sanitation-decompression percutaneous-transhepatic punctures of the gallbladder under US control can be used for arresting the inflammation process. The integral scales SAPS-II and POSSUM allow identification of groups of patients with high operative risk. The strategy of treatment depends on both the state of the patient and results of USI. The detection of an obturating concrement in the gallbladder neck requires punctures for decompression of the gallbladder and attempts to reestablish normal bile passage in addition to conservative therapy at early terms.

[Quality of diagnosis and prophylaxis of HIV-infection in military clinical institutions and related problems in training medical personnel].

The analysis of results of laboratorial diagnostics of HIV-infection in multiprofile treatment institute of the Ministry of Defense of RF, questioning of medical staff on the questions of diagnostics and treatment of HIV-infection discovered several disadvantages in the system of training of the physicians in this sphere. Insufficient level of knowledge of practical aspects of HIV-infection causes baseless quantity of screening laboratorial tests (up to 70%). It leads to grand material inputs of the Ministry of Defense of RF. The authors propose an elaborated guidance manual for teachers, attending physicians and students of academies on studying questions of HIV-infection, based on the principle of "transparent study", on broad engaging of different departments to the process of teaching, on consideration of profiles of cycles of studying, of levels of adoption, types of lessons, volume of study time.

[Variants of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in high operative risk patients].

Results of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis were analyzed in 105 patients. Immediate results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and immediate and long-term results of puncture treatment were estimated. It was shown that in patients with extremely high degree of the operation risk (IV-V degree by ASA) the puncture treatment of acute cholecystitis judged by immediate results proved to be effective in 75% of the patients, and the effect judged by long-term results was 92.5%.

[Quantum chemical study of the "catalytic triad" of serine proteases]. / Kvantovo-khimicheskoe issledovanie "kataliticheskoi triady" serinovykh proteaz.

Using the semi-empirical MNDO/H method several systems simulating the reaction of tetrahedral intermediate formation in the active site of serine proteases have been studied. The role played by elements of the "catalytic triad" in increasing the reactivity of serine hydroxyl has been discussed. The formation of a strong hydrogen bond between His and Asp was shown to be important in lowering the activation energy in the reaction of Ser with substrate. The change in position of the proton located between Ser and His and between His and Asp was analysed. The influence of substrate distortion on the energy of intermediate formation has been considered.

[Characteristics of expression of the tetracycline resistance gene from the plasmid pBR322 in Bacillus subtilis cells]. / Izuchenie osobennostei ékspressii gena tetratsiklinustoichivosti plazmidy pBR322 v kletkakh Bacillus subtilis.

The expression of Tc resistance gene derived from plasmid pBR322 has been studied in Bacillus subtilis cells where this alien gene is not usually expressed. Fragments of Bacillus subtilis chromosome were inserted into the Tc resistance gene promoter region of the hybrid plasmid pGG20 and the expression of this gene was registered. Plasmid pGG20 confers a constitutive mode of Tc resistance in Escherichia coli cells. In contrast, the inducibility of Tc resistance gene expression in Bacillus subtilis cells has been reported. Optimal concentration for the highest inducibility of Tc resistance by the antibiotic has been determined.

[Cloning in cells of Bacillus subtilis and study of the characteristics of promoter regions of DNA of Bacillus mesentericus and Phage SPO2]. / Klonirovanie v kletkakh Bacillus subtilis i izuchenie osobennostei promotornykh uchdstkov DNK Bacillus mesentericus i faga SPO2.

11 fragments of Bacillus mesentericus and phage SPO1 DNA containing promoters were cloned in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleotide sequences of these fragments were determined and S1 mapping of transcriptional start points was performed. It was found that some fragments contained tandem or overlapping promoters. Nucleotide sequences of Bacillus mesentericus promoters were compared with known promoters from bacilli. Promoter activities were determined in different phases of cell growth. Nucleotide sequences of several promoters coincided with known sigma 43, sigma 29, sigma 28-promoters. Nucleotide sequences of other promoters differ greatly from those used by the known forms of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. The existence of at least four other forms of bacilli RNA polymerase specific for these promoters is suggested.

[Structural-functional characteristics of Bacillus mesentericus promoters cloned in Bacillus subtilis cells]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye osobennosti promotorov Bacillus mesentericus, klonirovannykh v kletkakh Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus mesentericus DNA fragments carrying promoters were cloned in Bacillus subtilis. The nucleotide sequences of four promoters, the sites of transcription initiation and the levels of promoter-mediated expression of pPL603 CAT gene at different stages of cell growth were determined. It was identified, that the two promoters (P435 and P442) are the typical sigma 43-RNA polymerase promoters. Promoter P462 possessed the unusual nucleotide sequence and induced the expression of indicator CAT gene at the middle of the stationary phase of cell growth. The next P428 promoter was found to be a complex promoter composed of three overlapping ones: P428-1, P428-2 and P428-3. P428-3 is the sigma 43-specific promoter which revealed the high degree of homology with Bacillus subtilis spoOB gene promoter. We suggest the promoters P428-1 and P428-2 to be sigma 43- and sigma 37-RNA polymerase specific, respectively.

[Unpaired bases in the B--Z junction of the supercoiled plasmid]. / Nesparennye osnovaniia v B--Z perekhodnoi oblasti superspiral'noi plazmidy.

The restriction analysis has been used to establish that O-beta-diethylaminoethylhydroxylamine (OHA) produces modification of unpaired cytidines in the polylinker region adjacent to the Z-insert (dG-dC)10. (dG-dC)10 in the negatively supercoiled plasmid pGC20. The length of the transition region between B- and Z-portions of DNA is not less than 36 bps. The reaction of OHA with the unpaired cytidines in the B-Z junction is a fixing one and produces no secondary despiralling of the neighboring regions. The reaction with DNA proceeds much slower than the one with monomers and single-strand polynucleotides. The structural nonuniformity has been observed, which is manifested in the alternating B and "non-B" form DNA in the B-Z junction. It is suggested that these junctions may contain nucleotide sequences which are stable to violation of the B structure during the change in superhelical density of DNA.

[Spectrum and coherent characteristics of bioelectric activity of the brain in women with normal and complicated pregnancy]. / Spektral'nye i kogerentnye kharakteristiki bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti mozga zhenshchiny pri normal'noi i oslozhnennoi beremennosti.

Spectrum and coherent EEG analysis was performed in 86 pregnant women on the 35-36th week of gestation. It was shown that functional interhemispheric brain asymmetry is a sensitive index of normal and complicated gestation. It was found out that activation prevailing in the central and temporal brain areas contralateral to the side of placenta localization in the uterus was characteristic of the normal pregnancy. The development of gestation complications was accompanied by the inversion of interhemispheric asymmetry of EEG activation. It was suggested that correlative properties of bioelectric brain activity in women with normal gestation are an indicator of the left-hemispheric dominance of brain centers in the integration process.

[The electrophoretic mobility of the virus-specific proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains isolated in different geographical regions of the CIS Nations]. / Izuchenie élektroforeticheskoi podvizhnosti virusspetsificheskikh belkov shtammov virusa kleshchevogo éntsefalita, vydelennykh v razlichnykh geograficheskikh regionakh SNG.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strains isolated in different geographic areas were characterized by changes in electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of virus-specific proteins. Analysis of EPM of intracellular virus-specific protein E and other high molecular proteins of 42 TBE virus strains revealed similarity among the majority of them, with the exception of several strains including the Sophyin strain (Far-Eastern subtype). The most marked variability in the electrophoretic behavior of virus-specific proteins was observed with low molecular proteins prM, ns4b, ns2a.

[Fahr's disease (idiopathic non-atherosclerotic calcification of the cerebral arteries)]. / Bolezn' Fara (idiopaticheskoe neateroskleroticheskoe obyzvestvlenie mozgovykh sosudov)

The authors describe one case of Fahr's disease in a 69-year-old male. The disease was characterized by a rapid development with polymorphic subcortical symptoms (mainly hyperkinetic) and a rapid disintegration of intellectual functions. Besides that, cortical and pyramidal disturbances (hemiparesis, visual disorders, etc.) were also marked. In the postmortem examination selective calcifed cerebral vessels were found, typical for this form of the disease. This observation gave no supplementary data on the etiology of the disease. Laboratory data did not depict any deviation from the norm.

[Role of CO2 fixation in increasing the body's resistance to acute hypoxia]. / Rol' fiksatsii CO2 v povyshenii ustoichivosti organizma k ostroi gipoksii.

In rats, the phenomenon of considerable increase in resistance to acute hypoxia observed after 2-hour stay under conditions of gradually increasing concentration of CO2, decreasing concentration of O2, ANd external cooling at 2--3 degrees seems to be based mainly on changes in concentration of CO2 (ACCORDINGLY, PCO2 and other forms of CO2 in the blood). The high resistance to acute hypoxia develops as well after subcutaneous or i.v. administration of 1.0 ml of water solution (169.2 mg/200 g) NaHCO2, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, and ZnSO4 (in proportion: 35 : 5 : 2 : 0.15 : 0.15, resp.) or after 1-hour effect of increased hypercapnia and hypoxia without cooling.

[The role of ultrasonics in the detection of metastatic tumors of abdominal organs]. / Znachenie ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniia v opredelenii rasprostranennosti zlokachestvennykh opukholei organov briushnoi polosti.

Ultrasonic investigation of 357 abdominal and retroperitoneal cancer patients provided echographic signs of distant metastases and local malignant involvement. In view of high informative value of the method, ultrasonography is recommended as a substantial component of the early diagnosis.

[Automatic devices for testing field of vision]. / Avtomatizirovannye pribory dlia issledovaniia polia zreniia.

Prototypes of two automated devices for visual field research on the basis of a computer: visual field analyser (automated perimeter) and the device for detection of scotomas in the central visual field (automated campimeter)--are described.

[Automation of mass screening for glaucoma]. / Avtomatizatsiia massovykh obsledovanii na glaukoma.

An experimental model (mock-up) of automated complex "Glaucoma" has been produced for mass population screening. It comprises five ophthalmologic instruments: for history data collection; for visual acuity examining; for examining the visual fields limits (perimeter); for determination of paracentral sites within visual field (campimeter), and finally a device for intraocular tension measurement. A special computer serves to control the operation of these instruments, collection, processing and display of information. A set including magnetic recorder, projector and synchronizer provides instructions for patients. The latter were examined following special lecture explaining the purpose of investigation, operation rules for these instruments and sequence of procedures.

[UV irradiation of autologous blood in the combined treatment of lymphedema of the lower extremities]. / UFO autokrovi v kompleksnom lechenii limfedemy nizhnikh konechnostei.

Based on the experience with the treatment of 144 patients the authors recommend to use transfusions of autologous blood subjected to UV irradiation in the complex treatment of lymphostasis of lower extremities.

[The current objective criteria for the adequacy of general anesthesia in children]. / Sovremennye ob''ektivnye kriterii adekvatnosti obshchei anestezii u detei.

Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were recorded and analyzed in 12 children during general halothane and ketamine anesthesia. Ketamine suppressed the amplitude of primary negative component and eliminated secondary AEP components with latencies more than 60 ms, including N-200 and P-300 waves. By contrast, halothane did not affect primary components with less than 95 ms latencies and suppressed the latest components. Hence, ketamine suppresses the nonspecific afferent pathways and the brain structures responsible for memory and emotional functions, while halothane does not affect the afferent pulsation and partially suppresses emotional and mnemonic functions.