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1.
Can J Anaesth ; 71(4): 535-547, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459368

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Rib fracture(s) is a common and painful injury often associated with significant morbidity (e.g., respiratory complications) and high mortality rates, especially in the elderly. Risk stratification and prompt implementation of analgesic pathways using a multimodal analgesia approach comprise a primary endpoint of care to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with rib fractures. This narrative review aims to describe the most recent evidence and care pathways currently available, including risk stratification tools and pharmacologic and regional analgesic blocks frequently used as part of the broadly recommended multimodal analgesic approach. SOURCE: Available literature was searched using PubMed and Embase databases for each topic addressed herein and reviewed by content experts. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Four risk stratification tools were identified, with the Study of the Management of Blunt Chest Wall Trauma score as most predictive. Current evidence on pharmacologic (i.e., acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids, ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine) and regional analgesia (i.e., thoracic epidural analgesia, thoracic paravertebral block, erector spinae plane block, and serratus anterior plane block) techniques was reviewed, as was the pathophysiology of rib fracture(s) and its associated complications, including the development of chronic pain and disabilities. CONCLUSION: Rib fracture(s) continues to be a serious diagnosis, with high rates of mortality, development of chronic pain, and disability. A multidisciplinary approach to management, combined with appropriate analgesia and adherence to care bundles/protocols, has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality. Most of the risk-stratifying care pathways identified perform poorly in predicting mortality and complications after rib fracture(s).


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les fractures des côtes sont des blessures courantes et douloureuses souvent associées à une morbidité importante (p. ex., complications respiratoires) et à des taux de mortalité élevés, surtout chez les personnes âgées. La stratification des risques et la mise en œuvre rapide de voies analgésiques à l'aide d'une approche d'analgésie multimodale constituent un critère d'évaluation principal des soins visant à réduire la morbidité et la mortalité associées aux fractures des côtes. Ce compte rendu narratif a pour objectif de décrire les données probantes les plus récentes et les parcours de soins actuellement disponibles, y compris les outils de stratification des risques et les blocs analgésiques pharmacologiques et régionaux fréquemment utilisés dans le cadre de l'approche analgésique multimodale largement recommandée. SOURCES: La littérature disponible a été recherchée à l'aide des bases de données PubMed et Embase pour chaque sujet abordé dans le présent compte rendu et examinée par des expert·es en contenu. CONSTATATIONS PRINCIPALES: Quatre outils de stratification des risques ont été identifiés, le score de l'Étude de la prise en charge des traumatismes contondants de la paroi thoracique (Study of the Management of Blunt Chest Wall Trauma) étant le plus prédictif. Les données probantes actuelles sur les techniques d'analgésie pharmacologiques (c.-à-d. acétaminophène, anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, gabapentinoïdes, kétamine, lidocaïne et dexmédétomidine) et d'analgésie régionale (c.-à-d. analgésie péridurale thoracique, bloc paravertébral thoracique, bloc du plan des muscles érecteurs du rachis et bloc du plan du muscle grand dentelé) ont été examinées, de même que la physiopathologie de la ou des fractures des côtes et de leurs complications associées, y compris l'apparition de douleurs chroniques et d'incapacités. CONCLUSION: Les fractures des côtes continuent d'être un diagnostic grave, avec des taux élevés de mortalité, de développement de douleurs chroniques et d'invalidité. Il a été démontré qu'une approche multidisciplinaire de la prise en charge, combinée à une analgésie appropriée et à l'adhésion aux ensembles et protocoles de soins, réduit la morbidité et la mortalité. La plupart des parcours de soins de stratification des risques identifiés sont peu performants pour prédire la mortalité et les complications après une ou plusieurs fractures de côtes.


Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural , Analgesia , Dor Crônica , Fraturas das Costelas , Humanos , Idoso , Fraturas das Costelas/complicações , Fraturas das Costelas/terapia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Analgesia/métodos , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Analgesia Epidural/métodos
2.
Pain Manag Nurs ; 22(5): 645-651, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33836958

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized children continue to experience procedural pain due to inconsistent implementation of readily available, evidence-based pain interventions. AIMS: To explore the prevalence of painful blood-testing procedures, pain management interventions, child-caregiver perceptions of effectiveness of, and satisfaction with, pain interventions, and adherence to best practice guidelines. DESIGN: A single-site cross-sectional study using a combination of child-caregiver interviews and chart reviews for hospitalized children, 0-18 years. METHODS: Interviews gathered information about the child's most recent blood test, procedural pain management intervention use, and participant perceptions of effectiveness of and satisfaction with these interventions. Concurrently, patient charts were reviewed for procedure documentation and pain management strategies used, including topical anesthetic and oral sucrose orders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Fifty children were included. At the time of data collection, 34 (68%) had experienced painful blood-testing procedures during their current admission. Pharmacologic pain interventions were documented for only 7 (21%) procedures and were often inconsistent with participant reports. Almost all interview respondents (n = 31, 91%) identified at least one pain intervention for the child's most recent painful blood-test. Twenty (59%) participants perceived pain interventions as effective and most were satisfied with utilized interventions (n = 27, 79%). CONCLUSIONS: A multi-modal procedural pain management approach was infrequently used and documented, highlighting undertreatment based on recommended practices and guidelines. Perceived intervention effectiveness and satisfaction with pain management were however found to be relatively high.


Assuntos
Manejo da Dor , Dor Processual , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Hospitais , Humanos , Dor
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