7,7-Dimethylaporphine alkaloids from the stem of Guatteriopsis friesiana.

Phytochemical investigation of a methanolic extract of the stem of Guatteriopsis friesiana afforded two new 7,7-dimethylaporphine alkaloids, 6,6a-dihydrodemethoxyguadiscine (1) and guatteriopsiscine (3), together with demethoxyguadiscine (2), liriodenine (4), corypalmine (5), and coreximine (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, EIMS, HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR). The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were determined from the circular dichroism curves. The presence of 7,7-dimethylaporphine alkaloids in this species is important for the chemotaxonomy of Guatteriopsis. Antimicrobial activity of compounds 1-5 was investigated, and 4 showed activity against Rhodococcus equi, with a MIC value of 10 microg x mL(-1).

Toxicity and growth inhibition potential of vetiver, cinnamon, and lavender essential oils and their blends against larvae of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata.

BACKGROUND: Myiasis induced by the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata, represents a public health problem widely distributed throughout the world. L. sericata larval stages feed on both humans and animals. L. sericata adults and larvae can play a role in spreading agents of mycobacterial infections. OBJECTIVES: It is critical to establish new and safe alternative methods of controlling L. sericata. METHODS: The insecticidal effectiveness and growth inhibition potential of three commercially available essential oils (EOs), vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), as well as their blends, were tested against the second (L2) and third (L3) larval stages of L. sericata. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil was used as a carrier and tested on L2 and L3 larvae. To the best of our knowledge, all applied essential oils, except lavender, and oil blends were tested against L. sericata for the first time. RESULTS: All applied oils did not repel L2 from the treated liver but adversely affected their development. Contact treatments on L. sericata L3 indicated that vetiver and cinnamon oils significantly affected treated larvae. Total mortality rates were 93.33 and 95.56%, respectively. Furthermore, oil blends tested through contact assays killed larvae when used at higher concentrations; adult emergence was eliminated post-treatment with doses >30% for oil blend 1 and >10% for oil blend 2. CONCLUSION: Overall, cinnamon and vetiver oils (5%) were selected as reliable and cheap biopesticides for controlling larvae of L. sericata. The tested oils are inexpensive and represent new promising botanical insecticides in the fight against blowflies causing myiasis.